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GENERAL HISTORY, 
o p 

IRELAND, 

In its Antient and Modern State; ^ 



t.fi^',* 



On a New and Concise Plan. < 

1 



IN TWO VOLUMES. 



i 



- . . i; 




m. i ' ^•'* 



I R E l' A N D, 

In Its Antient and Modern State. 
ON A NEW AND CONCISE PLAN; 

« COMPRENZHDJHO AN ACCURATE ACCOUNT OF TH8 

PitoYiNczsy Mines and Constitution, 

Counties, Minerals, Government, 

Cities, Vegetable' and Civil and 

PosT-TowNs, Animal Military 

..Harbours, Productions, Establisu- 

RiyExs, Antient and mznts, 

Lakes, Modern His- Revenues, 

Mountains, tory. Gentlemen's 

Cafes, Language, Seats, 

; Forts and Learning,. Great and Bys 

; Head-Lands, Religion,. Post Roads, &c.' 

; MJBTA.L8, Laws, 

The STATE of its 

IMPORTATIONS, EXPORTATIONS- 
! And A G R I C U L T U R E, 

WITH observations ON ITS 

TRADE and MANUFACTURES, 

And the Means to extend and improve them, in confequence of 

the late Grant of a Free-Tradr, 
7he whole containing fuch a c^mprebtnfive Defiript'ton of all th^ 
Provinces, Counties, &c. as may be necelfary to elucidate and 
render this Work the eompleatefl History ofthcfrejent State 
i- «f\%iLi,KVJ>yettxtant, 

\ lllaftrated with a confiderable Number of fuch neceOary and 
iiiterefting Particulars as render it really useful to the PO« 
REIGNER, the GENTLEMAN, anci the TRAVELLER. 

iCoUeaed by a Gentleman ducing his Travels through the 

I principal Parts of this Kingdom. 

I fteviftdy Corrt&ed^ and Enlarged^ wiib many-imfirtant Additkntf 

I By J O H N A N G E L, 

JCditOrofSTENOGRAPHYjOrthe/Rtof WritingSHORT-HAND, 

I ^ifhich has been honoured with The Approbation and Recommeii* 
I station ti the Right Hon. and Hon. the Dublin Society. 

I ^ V O'L. L ^ 

^ DUBLIN: 

►rioted for the Editor, JOHN ANGEL, N0.7, Fownes'-flrcct; 
K And fold by C. TALBOT, No. 13, Parlia meat«iixect. 

M. DCC.LXXX^. 



f 



1! 



i 



TO THK 

Most High, Puissant, and Noble Prince 

WILLIAM ROBERT FITZGERALD, 

Duke of Leinster, 

Mar<^is and earx of Kildare, 

Earl and Baron of Ophaly in th« 
Kingdom of Ireland, 

Viscount Leinster of Taplow in thb 
Kingdom of Great Britain, 

Premier Duke, Marquis, Earl, andBarom 
OF THE Kingdom of Ireland, 

<yOVERNOR AND CuSTOS RoTULORUM OF THE 

County of Kildare, 
&C &c« &c. 

This HISTORY of IRELAND, 

I S I K S C R I BE D 

As A Tribute of Esteem and Veneratioh 
DUE TO a Character so highly distin- 
guished FOR private and PUBLIC Virtue; 

FOR THE display OF AMIABLE QUALITIES 

AS A Nobleman, and the Exertion of 
GREAT Abilities as a sincere Lover of 
HIS Country, 

By His Grace's 

Ever refpe<!9ful 
And moft obedient humble Servant^ 

s«pt. 1780. THE EDITOR, 



mmfwrnm^mmmmmmm 

P R E F A C E. 

TT IS univerfally acknowledged that nothing. 
"*• contributes more to the advantage and . 
improvement of mankind, thanjult and im- 
partial hiftories of thofe nations with whom 
we are connedted ; and the force of this truth 
appears evident with refpedk to a concife yet . 
comprehenfive account of ths prefent ftate 
of Ireland : this kingdom continuing/to in^ 
creafe every day^in its importance to the : 
World, to which its fituation,. for foreign . 
commerce, greatly contributes, and thefalu4 
tary laws which have paiTed tl^is fcjffions in . 
the Britilh legillature refpeaing the re- 
firidticHis on our trade,, and the utility of 
our harbours for carrying on an extenfive 
foreign trade,render the attaining a knowledge - 
of Ireland, an objedt not unworthy the pub- 
lic attention; more particularly to the 
noblemen and gendemen of landed and . 
commercial property; many interefting. 
and ufeful particulars being inferted.: in ^ 
the courfe of this work as will be found 
to be highly neceflary to thofe. whora- 
bufinefs or pleafure may induce. to make a 
tour through this kingdom, or maybe in- 
terefted or connedted with it.^ In the opinion 
of many intelligent menf a compepdio:iis. 
Hiftory of the prefent ftate of Ireland,/, 
therefore, ,rcprefented in its true and proper 
colours, would ,tend not only to the honour, , 
but to the. real. emolument of. the kingdom. 

Fori 



m 

viii .PREFACE. 
For were the ornaments and naturaradvan-' 
tages of this country known,the fertility of the 
foil, healthinefs of -the ajr, rts many navigable 
rivers, farge and fafe harbours, the neigh- 
b6urhood of the fea for the benefit of com- 
merce, with all things neceffary for the fiip- 
portfand qon^enienccsof Jtfei but above all; 
the bleflirigs of an ihviblable feeurity of pro- 
perty, by mild and' eq\iitable laws, and a 
juWand'impartiialdiftrrbution of juffke, and 
wlicrethe conftitution in church and ftate i^ 
eftablifhcd and revered, and wliere men: 
of Ae greateft fcarning, piety and abilities,, 
ftll -the moft important 'ftations, it would 
tempt thofe -af prefent groaning under 
foreign arbitra^ry governments, to fly (rotn 
their oppreffions and refide in this, kingdomy 
a bill of naturalisation having Jatety paflfed- 
.The riches of ar'natibaconfifl: m the nurn-- 
bers of its inrhabitants and its manufaAures^ 
which ever hav>e, but more particularly at 
prefenr,'deferved the encouragement of €very 
weM-wiftierto lireland, as they would add 
real ftrength and wealth to a country hot 
yet ftilly benefited by the removal of the 
reftri<^ions laid on ks trade. The Engfift? 
were indebted to foreigners both for their 
woollen and frfk*n ma«ufa<ftures ; the former, 
in the peribns of the Walloons, who fle4 
from the cruel perfecutions of the Duke 
ef Alva, and were hofpitably as well as 
politically received by the wifdom oP Queen 
Eli2abeth and her miriiftry ; the latter, by the 

revocation 



p. R E F ACE, fx 

revocation of the edidt of Nantz, when Lewis 
XIV. drove miilmurfesof his moft ingenious 
rpanufadturers out of France -into England; 
where they met with fuch a receptior> as is 
icarcely to be paralleled in hiftory. They 
both amply rewarded their benefadlors, hy 
fpreading and difFufmg thofe beneficial bran* 
chejs of trade through Great Britain and Ire- 
land which they now enjoy, and which by the' 
great improvements made therein, are juftly 
the admiration of all Europe. 

The hrftories of Ireland which have been 
ptibliihed are moft of them too voluminous 
and expenfiyeto render tlie attainment eafy to 
the principal part of mankind, nwre efpe- 
cially foreigners and travellers ; and thofe 
hiftories of this kingdom which arc publifli- 
ed in a fmaller fize, chiefly relate to the an- 
tient ftate of Ireland only^ confequently - 
could not render that fcrvice to gentlemen in 
making the tour of this country which tlicy 
would wifh to derive from defcriptions of a . 
country through which they travel. In taking 
a view therefore of the condition in which 
the hrftory of this nation ftands, it muft be 
acknowledged that an account of their trade, 
manufaftures and commerce, and other ef- 
fential particulars have not been communicat- 
ed in fo general a manner, in foreign coun- 
tries efpecialiy, as the nature of the fubjedl. 
wo»!d admit of, except what knowledge fo- 
reigners may have attained from n>erchants 
and travellers ; while all other nations of 
Europe have their fmall but compendious 

hiftories 



X PREFACE. 

hiftories pubKQied, to inform their own peo- 
ple as well as foreigners what they were and 
what they are. 

To render therefore the prefent ftate of 
Ireland more univerfally known^ thereby 
contributing to advance the mutual intereft 
of England and Ireland, and increafe the 
trade and profperity of Ireland, afford a 
competent knowledge of every particular 
which may conduce to the information of the 
foreigner, entertainment to the curious, in- 
ftruftion to the traveller, ufeful hints to the 
artificer, or diredion to the mariner, is tb^ 
defign of the prefent Work. It is alfo^ 
elucidated with new and correft defcriptions 
of all the cities, towns, boroughs an^ noted 
places throughout the kingdom, with the new 
barracks, great and bye poft-roads and diftan*- 
ces in meafured miles, chiefly taken from ac-- 
tual furveys and other authentic information^ 
and in the courfe of this work is alfo inferted 
an hydrographical defcription of all the har- 
bours, creeks, bays, roads, iflands, points^ 
and head- lands on the coafls of Ireland. 
This attempt therefore the editor hopes wHL 
prove acceptable to fiich gentlemen or tra*- 
vellers whom curiofity or bufinefs mHy in- 
duce to vifit this nation. It is certain many^^ 
travellers of tafte and capacity often omit op- 
portunities of viewing objects well dcferving 
their attention, for want <offucb a concifeand-^^ 
particular account of the countries ihiough 
which they travel : the editor being, confi- 
dent 



PREFACE. xi 

dent from what he hath feen of this kingdom 
in general, many and Angular curiofitieB 
may be found there, well defervingihe con- 
fiderationof the learned; ^he therefore ofFens 
in the words of Horace, 
^ Fincit Amor P atria. 

— Si quid novifti reSlius ijiis 

Candidus imperti ; fi non bis uteremecufft. 
' Great part of this work beingwritten during 
the travels through a principal extent of this 
kingdom, where it was neccffary to vifit 
many places of antiquity and natural curio- 
fity, and to obtain knowledge refpe<5tingthem 
From the neighbouring inhabitants, it 'be- 
came requifite in defcribing fuch particulars 
to mention tlie properties of places andx)ther 
effential information, in the manner as re^ 
lated by them in a plain and fimple ftyl^^ 
the inaccuracies, which may have inadver- 
tantly efcaped notice, the reader will be 
pleafed to excufe. Care hath been taken by 
the editor that nothing is inferted in this work 
(which is the refult of many years experience 
and refidence in Ireland), but what any per- 
fon, who may hereafter vifit the places de- 
fcribed, will find them to be as is in this trea- 
tife fpecified, and every direction given 
which may be neceflary to put the traveller 
into the e^ieft way of feeing what is here 
treated of; befides the intention of this 
work is to iriform foreigners, arid to affift 
fuch gentlemen as may view thofe places 
Hfcom whence thefe defcriptions were taken, 
for which reafon it hath been endeavoured 

to 



, xn PREFACE. 

to draw the pidure as like the origmal as 
poffible. 

The editor having been afliliedby gentle- 
.xnen of great knowledge in the affairs of 
this kingdom, and who have been in the 
moft noted places of it, they were plea fed 
to commtinicate many eflential particurars 
tending to the advantage of travellers and 
.mariners, &c. which has afforded him the 
opportunity of having beea the better en^ 
abled to reconcile differences, to expunge 
falfiti^ and to fet afide the impofi- I 
tions of former geographers, and late i 
tour writers, and thereby render ' this I 
general defcriptbn of Ireland, more com- 
pleat, and, he prefumes, more really ufc- 
fill, confequendy more worthy the attention 
of the impartial pubMc, to whom he moft 
tefpedkfully fubmits it. j 

. In the obfervations on the trade and ma- 
nufactures of Ireland, particular attention 
Ims been paid to the means to encourage, i m* 
prove and extend them ; with fotrie reafons 
why Great Britain ^ould continue to rc-^- 
move every reftriftion on its exportations 
and importations, and to be more indul- \ 
gent to this kingdom in feveral parti- 
cular points of trade; and the editor has in- 
fertcd fomc nfeful and perhaps not incurious 
refledkions on this head, as hcrwould hot let 
flip fo fuitable an opportunity of communi- 
cating any thing which might ptove to*the 
real advantage o! hrdaad. . . ^^ 



SUBSCRIBERS NAMES. 



A. 

MR.. William Andrews, 
London^ 
Saqa. Auftin, Efq; 
George Agar, Efq; 
Mr. Wm. Angel, Lond. 
Mr. George Angel, ditto, 
Mr* Peter AngeU dijtto, 
Thomas Andrews, Efq; 
Mr. Thomas Armftrong. 



9. 

Mr. Archb^ Buchanan, 
Rev. John BulkeI/,.D.D 

London» 
Mr. Bakhujfe;!, 9,t the 

Hague, 

iervas Parker Buflie, Efq; 
lis Grace the Duke of 
Bridgewater, ! 

Hon. John; Boprke, 
Hon. .Pierce Putler, 1 
Sam. Burrows,Efqi Cavan, 
Chichcfter Bolton, Efq; 
John Borrbdale, Efq; 
Benjamin Bali» Bfqf ( 
Mr., William ?yr;ie, • 
}Ak< Arthijr Byrne, 
Mr. Gjlbe^t Bethell, • ' 
Edward Brice, Efjfi; 
Mr. James Ponnel, j 
Mr, Baldwin, London*. 



C. " 

Rt Hon. Hen. Theophilus 

Clements, 8 iets, 
John Cox, Epl; Mile-cnd, 
Mrv 'thomas Campbell, 
Thomas Clarke, Efq> ' 
Rt. Hon. E. pf ^rriwallis, 
Robert Cornwall, Efq; 
John Cowell, Efq- Loj>d. 
Mr. Thomas Conroy,Mer. 
Mr. Thomas Conroy, Jan. 
John Clarke Efq; Portfm. 
SirVefeyColclougb, Bart. 

D. - 

His Grace the Archbifhop 

of Dublin, 
Richarcl Dally, Efq; 
Chriftopher Deey^, Efq; 
Robert Deey, Efq'; 
Rt. Hon; L. C. B. Dennis, 
John Damer, Efq'; 
RcT. Mr. Dohfrty,D,D. 

Slane, 
J. Daws, Efq; Chichefter, 
Thomas Dawes, Efq; do. 
Edw. Dearling, Efq; do. 
Mr. John rOebenham, 
James Dutton, Efq; Bath, 
Siilbn J?aflinff,.Efq;. . 
William DahTel, fifq^ ' 
Anthony 'Permott, Efq. 
Pr. .Donovan, Efq; ' ,' 

Richard 



SUBSCRIBERS NAME 






Richard Drinkwater, Efq; 

Chichefter, 
Robert Drjipkwatery Efq; 

Charlie Eft?; ECq; 
' Rev., jdhn Eadt, Sax- 

' miipiham* SuffcHct 

Mr. R(^6ert Eadc, do. 

jaha Evans, Efq; 
• fehnExftiiv, E% 
* TrKQiiias^mefron; Efqj 

P. 



T.*T. Faulkner, Efq; 

ohn FergHfon, Efq; F.R.S 
' ames Fbhde, Efq; 
Joi^athswi Fiftier, Jifo; 
Idiih Fitzgerald, .fi^djl 
Mr. lohn Plepiifr^y'Bppk-^ 

^ JiSller.'i^rogheda; BJfets, 
Wr. J. f ^rrar, ^Bbokf^^r; 



"Mr. TiMJ,.fnni^>:^i<- 
J^iir^y, ,6:fets; 
joIeph'Tother^ill,, ,Efq; 
Meflrs. Folliott; Chj^fter, 
JohnFilher, Efq; toijidon, 
Rev. Samuel Fry, D.p. do. 

^. • 

Jolin Gr^y, Ef<j; I^;©. 
Mr. William Gordon,' 
*i?rinci« Gbrman, i^fq;' 
John Graham^ Efqj 



Mr. Richard Gore, Booiri 
feller, Liverpool » 6 fda 

Mr. Gilbert, London, ' \ 

Mr. Gilbert, Bookfcllcr, 
Chichefter^ 6 fets, 

JohP'Ge^hegan, Efq? 



Thomas HMI, E%; 
Francis HHtchinfeil, Efq; 
OwenJiogin, Efqj 
SPhe Hon. Mr. Hewitt, 
WiHiam Hutton, Efq,« 
Meflrs. Hawes, Clarki 

and Collins, Bookfelleis, 

London, I2fett5, 
Samuel Harding, Efq; Ilk 

ofWight, • 
«fr. Jobii^Heath, 
Sam. Hooper, Bookfellcr, 

London, 6 &ts, 
Peter Holmes,'lgfq/ 

1. 



jas.tSt. Jn. Jiefferj^*, iEfq. 
John }onfes;i^Elq;.Vaiixh. 
Johnirwirt, Efq; 
^James Jefcb, E(q; Slajie> 
Thomas Kelly, Efqs i 
JohnKel(o,^t/q;.M.D. ' 
Sir Anthony King, ' Lord 

^ftyoi^ifDuMinp ' 
John I^ane, £%' 
Mr.lPeter Kelly, 
Thonias Kitchen, ^ Efq; 

Engraver tahia-Majefty. 
Thomas 



subs<:rib£rs names. 



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Thomas Limerick, Efq; 

T. C. p. 
Thomas Leiand, D. D. 

S. F. T. C . D. 
Rev. Edw. Lynch, p. J). 
Mr. Richard Lewis, 
Ht. Hpn. Ld.'Ruibprough> 
Rt. HoQ. Ld. Longfjordy 
Edward Loftus, E^; 
Rev. Edw. Lyfter, D. D. 
Mr. Ljnott, Bookfellery 

Gal way, 
Edmund Llewellin, Efq^ 

Balbrj^en. 

M. 
Benjamin .Martin, £fq; 

F. R. S. London, 
jMi-. Matthew Mara, 
Sir George Maffey, Bart 
Richard Moncrieffe, Efq; 
Emmanuel Miller, Efq; 
John Miller, jun. Efq; 
William Minilli, Efq; 
Mr. Robert Mc Gregor, 
Mr. Madden, Merchant, 
Mr. Henry Motley, 
Major Molefworth, 
Captain Melmoth, 
Mr. Mackworth, Mercht. 

London. 

N. 

Mr. John Noon, London^ 
Mr. William Norris, [ 

Mr. William Nicol, Book- 
feller, London^ 6 fets. I 



a 

Thomas O'Fla^erty, ETq; 
^Kilkenny, ' 

Mr. William Owen, Book- 
feller, London, 6 fets, 

Charles 0*Hara, Efqa 

P. 

His Grace the L« Primatt 
of Ireland, 

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feller, London, 6 fets, 

Mr. Sam* Fate^fon, Book* 
feller, London, 1 2 fets, 

Mr. John Porter, Book- 
feller, '6. fets. 

Sir William" Parfons, Ba^rt. 

' ^ r; , '• 

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Roffey and co. Bankers, 

London, 
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Mr. Thomas Rainey , N. P. 
Mr. John Ryal, London. 



Right Hon. Lord Vifcount 

Southwell, 
Sir Richard Steele, Bart. 
Thomas Sntlling, Efq; 

Lambeth, 
Francis Schyleer, Hague, 
Edward Schyleer, Efq; 

Mn 



SUBSCRIBERS 



NAMES, 



Mr. John Sperlliot, Chi- 

cheiter, 
Alex. Stevenfon, Efqj 

Newry, 
Smythe Steele, Efq; > 

T. 
James Badham ThornhUl, 

Edward Tighe, Efq; 
•His Excellency Theophllus 

Thompfon, Envoy from 

the King of Denmark, 
John Thompfon, Efq; 
Edward Tomlinfon, Efq; 
Mr. John 'f illegan, Amft. 
Mr. Thomas Tre/ham., 
Mr. Edward Trefliam, . 
Mr. John Trertiam,- 
G. Thompfon, Efq; York, 
Barth. Teeling, Efq: Gor 

manftown, 
Mr. Turpin, Bookfcller, 

London, 12 fets, 



Mr. Beuj. Troy.' 
V, 

His Excellency the Vene- 
tian Ambaflador, 

John Vicrple, Efq; 

Mr. William Vandenburgt 
Bookfeiier, London, 6 
fetts, 

W. 

Sapuel Whyte, Efqf; 
Mr. Edward Wilfon, 
Mr. Whyte. Bookfeiier, 

Cork, 6 fets, 
John Whyte, Efq; London; 
Jofeph White, Efq; do. 
Peter White, Efq; do. 
Meredith Workman, Eiq^ 
Mr. Wm. Wheatley, 
Rt. Re vd. Lord Bi/hop of 

Waierford. 



^ 



mmKm 



HIS TORY 



OP 



I R EL A N n. 



tilill ni^»>l ikt* 



RELAM'B IS divided into foWptoi. 
vincesj 

tBiHSTRR, latheEaft, 

tJMTjm^ in the Nordi. 

CoNNAv<^iiiT, lA'the Weft. 

MwmftBmt > in the South, 

Firft, li E I N S T E R, 
Contaimng} tlirelve counties. 



^ Counties. 
Dubliaf 
Kildare^ 
Meath, (Eail) 
Louth, 
Wicklow, 
Wexford, 
Carlow, 
Longford, 
King's county, 

9||Mfif6rCO)lity^ 

Kfttmoifi 
Vol. L 



Chief Towns. 
Dabllnl 

Kildare^ 

Trim. 

Drogheda. 

Wicklow. 

Wexford. 

Carlow. 

Longford. 

Philipftown: 



Kill^nny. 
Mullingar. 
B Second 



a HIS ORYOF 

Second, U L S T E R, , 

Containing nine counties. ' 

Counties. Chief Towns. 



Armagh, 
Cavan, 


Armagh. 
Cavan* 


Antrim, 

I^ondonderry, 

Tyrone, 

Monaghan> 

Down, 


Carrickfer^s. 

Dcrry. 

Omagh. 

Monaghan. 

Down. 


Donegal^ 
Fermanagh, 


Donegal. 
Ennifkilleri. 


Third, CONN A U G H T, 


Containing 


five counties. 


Leitrim, 


Leitrim: 


Rofcommon, 


Roftommon. 


Sligo, 
Mayo, 


Sligo. 

Ba linrobe. 


Gal way. 


Galway. 



Fourth, M U N S T E R^ 
Containing Jix counties. 
Clare, . Ennis.. 

Cork, Cork. 

Kerry, Tralec. 

Limerick, , Linaerick. < 

Tipperary, . * .Clonmell. 

Waterford, WaterforA 

Ii^Iand (firft called Erin by the natives) 
from ^ick the names of lerna, Juverna, 

loutrnia. 



F 



np^^ 



I R E L A N :d. i 

louerhia, Overnia, and Hibernia are derived. 
T he Britons ftiled it Yverdon ; the Romans^ 
Hibernia ^ and the Saxons, Ircn-landt, /'. e. 
the country of Iren or Erin. The ctymo-. 
logy of the word Erin, according to Cam- 
den, derives from an Irifh tcrno^fi^nifyirtg 
Weft, becaufe it is the moft weftcrn ifland of 
Europe; and Bochartns derives Hibernia 
from Ibernae, a Phcenician word, denoting 
the fartheft habitation. Ifidoreand Bede 
Hile it Scotia, with refpeft to the inhabi- 
tants, who generally came from Scythia, and 
Gathelians from Gathdlus. This country 
was called Owp«, and Plutarch calls it Ogy- 
gia, /. e. the moft ancient ifle ; Strabo (who 
wrote his ge^i^phy in the reign of Auguf- 
tus Caefar abK)ut the time of the chriftian 
asra) nientions Ireland, but was'upac<iuainted 
with the remote parts of vt^ he places Ire- 
land at the north of Britain ; his words are 

fi^rahn y i |£PNH vfloi ifiikf mvln vafaSiiXnfmm, There 

are jother fmall :iflands about Britain, but 
one large ifland (bailed Ireland* extended 
^long it, (i. e. R-itain) towards the north. 
Geqg. Hb, 4. tdit. Cqfaub. p. 201. ~ A 
CcJony of Scots fettling here towards the de- 
cline of the Roman cnipire, it acquired the 
name of Scotia, but is at prefent univerfeUy 
called Ireland 

It is between- the middle v parallel of 

the 8th clinfe, where the longeft day is 16 

iiours and a half, ai>d the 24th parallel or 

B 2 end 



4 HI S:TO R Y O r 

end of tbe lotk ^zlimc, where the, longdft 
4siy k \f hours and a tedf 4 fo . that Lqiidoa 
and^ Kinfile arc in the iame ,psu4^K ^. ^ 
alfo Newcaftle iqmaTyiie aiid tluain^ 
3W fouthermofir promontory of {rekn/i in 
]Mii|bn-l|ea4v which is in nearly the iiaaie;pfin 
talkliof biticude with Dbvsr ^ aod tt^ mr^ 
Mrt^'.Irefamdia'equaltQ.fifainton zo mlm 
wuth of Berwick^ ifi i& ihe lar«:A iikod 
in Europe exoqit GiMti JBri tain, mdU dMrt 
tatit 15a milissr from Fark^te nfiir W«A 
CbcftiBf, ^od^^about the fame. dift^MKeibom 
S)E^ David^s in .Pembroke(hifi8» and aoO 
miliw froca^ BrifleL Tbe fii^uatim of diie 
kingdoni IB between 51; and.56.degr0(e%;O$ 
nocUx lautudf^ and bet<wc|en^ i» ^pd tci4^ 
greea of weft loi^itude iromithe metkiwi 
'if'Lon^n> having ^'Qreat Britain. 09 llift 
eaft. New Aogland on. the weft, >tl>e HAt 
bridea on the nortb^ andtheSpaniihrcoiill 
of'Gilicia on^ the foutb fide ^&iv whefc 
Ca^pe Clear ia waftied- 1^ thegrea^AtlaittMi 
OcfSAta. I^he dimate^ ofMreland diflbcB Btti 
^e fkm tha^ of £n^«kK and^ were the icd 
eqiiatty improved it woutd4)e^mMpb<le^i.lai^ 
being very fruitful bolb in a)rn> and gfi^ft, 
paniifularly the lat^ry ia the princ^wl 
rtl^ron of the infinite Dumbera o£ black 
oattle an4^ fteep herein bfcdy especially in 
Connaught. The area or ^fupeificial cOi»» 
tent oi^thei whole hingdonvis^ according^to 
the maft-^ accurate furvey^ lUc kngtb mna 
aor^ to fouth 130a nailes^ andfrom tbe «aftt 

part 



I R E L AND. $ 

pfeft bf ^DbW A to' the Sveft ^art» of Mayo, its 
f^r^te* width is 150 inaks, contBfimtig by 
Afe ^niikfeft edrnputation 11,067,^12 ^Iriflii 
or 17,927,864 Englifh acres, or abotsi 
«5^457 fqualre fwles. There WrefbtitTiro- 
vittctc^, 3i cotjritiaR, i^eo 1>4rom^, ^^93 
pariffites^ i^tS baraughs, 8 cirirts, iodit6vri«^ 
^6c^ ^lil^ges, abtnn Sooxhurchesj 407vom 
fefdufeftt the Ifihatfititits itre cftimatM iat abotu 
«»^45>^:>^* The pfopoi^tiott irdand b«rf» 
to Eftgfefid and WateB, ^is^lxJlit 1% t& ^bl. 
The fdft whi^ fepdr^rctiii icelibdfromtamii 
Britlihi te Cf lifia^^l breaddi, teiiig nantoit 
if) thb ^lidrtih Md ibirih cjparts, b\kc in thi 
Kitddte Whtffe It Italbes ihe xdmities of 
Ctiftibaliil^ wtd Lfltnoftfliire^ tippbfite to 
Which ate die i:oiinties of DoWJh^ £j6iuth» 
KtidDidllin^kisverybro^d. Thedifianci 
l^twecsft the ba/renb of DubHn and Livelr-i 
fotl 1g qfio le^gffes w 1^0 finglUh miks, knd 
iMifQeo DuUm md tiblyhetd, "which is 
the hioft wefterjy icamer tif the nbnhcrlifeft 
pktt d( Wides catted Angkfeyi, and is fitu^ 
ttc^d juft hfllf Vay between Diiblin and Li« 
f^fK)oK the difttote being to leagub or 
60 'fnileft ; <t is 4b(lAit'the faitie. drftanee febm 
St, David^a Hiei«l in P^mbrDkefhire^ in ihe 
S. Ww part of VVale^ and the conoty of 
WisXff»4. Iktw^n Ineland and Sc&tkmi 
the diftance is very fnmall^ for from Ardej 
in the mdlk nerthdrly ^art of khe aounty of 
Dbwn to Oalloivay in Scotland^ it is only 
t ieagpa^ and ia the sneareft land idf all Afi 
• B 5 the 



6 HIS TOR Y O F 

the weftern coaft of Scotland to Irehnd, 

and the time generally taken in pafling from 

pnc kingdom to the other is about four 

hours. 

In the weH improved parts of Ireland, a^-e 
produced great quantitieaof the fineft grain, 
equal if not fuperibr to moft other coun- 
trtes. The northern and eaftern counties 
are the beft cultivated and improved, where 
there are the gueateft number of inhabitants* 
.Ulftcr.is the' principal province where the 
hnm mantifafturcfisitbe chief ol^eft of their 
trade* . Th];6ii^but this kingdom are many 
beautiful lakes, both frelh and fait water 
ones, and in . general, this country i» finely 
watered r^ith large and pl^f^nt rivers ; fuch 
fLS the ^hannoii^ the Suck, the Suir, the 
Blacfe Water, the Oure^ the ^Barit(?>w, the 
Slane, fheLiffey, the Boyne^ and the Ban, 
each of which, merits and will have in the 
courfe of ;his work a |)articular defcription. 
The harbours for number, goodnefs, and 
fafety are equal if hot fuperior to any in 
Europe, of equal extent of coaft. The 
traveller will derive great pleafure in viewing 
paft'ures, mountains, vallies, rivers, lakes, 
and , catarafts, which divcrfify every prof: 
pedt ; but 1 (hall treat more iamply of eaqh 
in the order of the refpedlive counties as 
th^y occur. 

HIS T O R lY; _ i 

• The .anjtient hiftory of Irdand,. fofar as 

it is conducive to. render, the ide(cription of 

" d ^ the" 



It R E L -A N: D. J7 

the prcfen^ fete oF i^ mor? generally under- 

'ftood, and confeqyenily more truly ufrful to 

the reader, 1 have, by ftridtly attending to 

truth, endeavoured to prefent it as compre- 

henfive 93 the nature and intention of this 

fmdU treatifq would admit of. It. is ao 

. knowkdged by (the moil cminen,t bjftorian^, 

that the hiftpries of all nations who can 

bead of any (hare of antiquity are, as to 

their originals^ obfcure, uncertain and fabi(- 

lous:. Shoved we go up to the Romans, 

thia truth will evfdejntiy appear, for it ^ 

certain their Qwn writers do not agree in the 

origioat of. the cjty of Rome. Salluft 

aicribes it to the Trojans v yet acknowledges 

that upon , a doubtful tradition He foundod 

his opinion, yfci// fgq accept^ as I have been 

informed; while Virgil attributes the honour 

. to Evapder, Turn repc Bvandrus Roniana con^ 

Jiior ^ms. Confeqpently if the; certain 

original of fq gi^eat a people, (hould remain 

unfixed, it cannot therefore be a matter of 

furprife, if doubts (hould arife concerning 

the beginnii^s of more obfcure nations. 

Hiftorians therefore who talk varioufly on 

fuch/ubjeft^ are not juftly to be imputed 

ignorant, fince it is antiquity and the un- 

faithfulnefs of oral traditions, that have 

created the error and left nothing clear for 

pofterity to depend upon. Titus Li vius in 

, hi3 preface to the Roman hiftory makes 

feme fort of an apology for all fuch writings, 

^V%< anu conditanij condendamque urhem^ 

B 4. ** poeticis 



» M i4 r OH* OP 

** ruffis Ttrum gefiahitH mMUmnht tr^mdM- 
•* l«r, td nee affimate^ mh teptlep^^ in mi- 
'^ mtfi. Daiur b^ ifenid m^iqnitatu «/ 
*• wifcendb bumana HivtHis^ ptimof-dia nrJfatm 
^ aUguftiora fActAsr To die eiAb^lKft- 
fcents of ^etiettl falMefi, fie iitrpiiceft^beab, 
and not to the inebrnipttd niionimitm^K ^ 
lifiair% from tifhenlce hUlory 4[>t]ght to be 
^ drawn ; an<) therefore 1>e adds, that it w^ 
t!ot hi^intentiM c^their t& t/Sitvti4ix ^xip^o^ 
fych tli^ng^ for that kida^efroe WM 4lie io 
Iin.tiiq.iiity9 whici) by mhti^ ^ivioe in4 ^a- 
tnan things together, (bujght t6Yetuler the 
original of chies more au^ft atid T^erable« 
Whatever weight this a^egy m^ hair^ 
tnoft nations have fatten into the humour of 
tbtrnding mode pfinees t)d the worid, from 
whence they have %ft^fi tSieir wigaiafe. 
Thus, i3}fS Camden, iik his Britandia^ pag6 9, 
The ^D^ctttt b^e flidr Daflua-** The Bra- 
banters their Brabo^^The Qothfe their Go- , 
thus, anti the SajcoiDs th«ir Sajfio^ as the j 
founders of their fevdral ttatfew : and Geof- 
firy, Archdeacon 6f Monmouth, mritea Bru- 
tus as the fcrtinder -of th€f Brlt<H)6; aftd 
Keating in his hiftofy of Iretend, feyd, I»- 
land was colonized at va^ioM timea not to 
mention thofe of the remoteft inti^ty. 
Camden, alTerts *' The Irifli begin thalr 
^ hiftories fi^om the hij^eft antiquity, fo 
^ that other nations are but modern and 
'^ in th<;ir hifancy in cbfnparifon to thrirs.*' 

And 



mmmmmmm ^ win. 

I R E L A N D. 9 

iVtnd if credit can be gjtvctk ta the 4ccouiHi 
propagated by antient monks, they a0ef^ 
tvim great plaufitfeilily that Ireland h$d. a 
fnccedioa of kingm and j^uridied in all 
the arts and fciences, particularly thofe of 
gpvernEtient, before they were known iri' 
^ypt (X Greece. Sir Jamts A^are Ij^ks 
or this kinj^dom as of no great repute biSr 
fore they were converted to c^riftianity (a$ 
does alfo Strabo in bis Hift. de Bello Efelgir 
co) about the year 460 by St» Patrick^ 
vhofe ftrft arrival in Jtreland was in the year 
43 1 1 he is (aid. to be ctephew io St. Martia 
biihop of Toms^ who navkig a ccmm]ffiQ± 
from Pope Celeftine I conapleated tl;ie con- 
v^rfion of the Irilh, a few only having r©^ ' 
ceived it before, on the. preacnihg of l^me 
converted Irifti who had been atRome^acd 
by the milfion of JPalladius. — St. Patrict;: in 
a ihoft time confecr^ted j6p bifHops^ and 
'near 3000 prelibyters, and eftabliflied the 
xnetropoUtan fee of Armagh m the county 
'of DoaQ|aI^ of which he was rfie fir II bfftiop. 
TThe Irim after this period, were frequcn.tty 
invaded by ibe Saxon kiog^ of Etigtan^y 
and in the yc^x.jgS^^ the Da^es an^Npf- 
joiMs in^v^ded the coafts of Irefend^ aln4 
particularly a Danifti fleet confiftii^ of (itiy 
tail entered the river LifFey^ in the y^ar B39, 
and another of the fame number po0!eued 
therafel^es of the mouth of :the nver iSbJ^^e 
at Drogheda, FJde annal. /our M^.undtt 
the year $«?. ff^ani'j . Antiqi cap. 24. 



lo M I S f O R Y O F 

They afterwards fettled in Dublin and its 
neighbourhood Fingal, where to this day 
are fevej-al original fenglilh families. About 
the year 962, the natives folicited the aflift- 
ance of Edgar the Anglo Saxon king ; which 
is fappofed to have given rife to his being 
called king of part of Ireland. From the 
time of St. Patrick to the reign of Henry 
il. ,a. period of 740 years, there were con- 
tinual quarrels between the kings of Munfter 
iXnd Meath, and the feveral petty princes ; 
and frequent attempts were made by the 
Danes to make themfelves mafters of Ire- 
land. But in the reign of Henry II. in the 
year ii68,'and in the i8th or his reign, 
Diarmuidh, or Dermot Mac Murrough, king 
of Leinftcr, having quarrelled with Roderick 
0*Cannor, king, paramour of Ireland, and 
all the petty princes, and feduced the wijfe 
of Teigheman 0*Rourke, king of Breifne, 
during his abfence ; Teigheman at his re- 
turn, refolving to be revenged on Dermot, 
entered into a confederacy with Roderick, 
who marching fomc forces into Leinfter, 
forced Dermot to quit the ifland, who im- 
mediately fled to England and prevailed 
upon Henry If. to efpoufc his cau(e. This 
was jp>erle6tly agreeable to Henry, who 
wanted a pretext to revenge himfelt for the 
piracies committed by the petty princes of 
Ireland, and for their affifting his enemies 
in his wars with France by frequent aids 
lentfxc» thence : (fee Cox's hift. of Ireland 

vol. 



- IRELAND. II 

/vol, i. page I.) and having previoufly pro- 
cured a bull from Pope Adrian to licence 
hiff fubje^Ving Ireland to the dominion of 
England, (fee Prynne*s Papal Ufurpations, 
vol. i. page 709) the king having given 
direAioDs to Strongbow, earl of Pen3brokef 
Robert Fitzftephcn, and Maurice Fitzgerald, 
to procieed to Ireland, they, attended by 
400 of the principal nc^ility who embarked 
on xhk expedition^and a confiderable body 
of fprces, landed at Bannow Bay, near 
Wexford, in ihe year 1171 ; and being re- 
inforced with fbme thoufandsof the natives 
took poffeffioQ of WexfoKl and Ofibry, and 
the next year Strongbow, . who was a ma^i 
of high birth and of grei^ abilities and povr^ 
er, (Vide manufcript in t4ic College of Dub- 
lin Library) was OKirried to Eva, king Derr 
mot's d^iQghter. About this time king 
O'Coni^or, with about fifty thoufand men 
beikged Pubtin, but wa$ forced in a (hort 
time; \o raiie |he liege ; P'Oonnor took \j|p 
bis pods at Caftknock and Finglas-— — Mac 
Dunlcve^ king of Ulfter, encareped^ at 
Clontarf,— — Bryen, king of Munfter, at 
KilmainhaiT),, and Moriertach,. prince of 
Kinfell^b, at Dalkey. Dublin, being thus 
befiegcid, and being within but badly provi- 
ded with men or provifions,> yet eairl Strong*: 
bow and the inhabitants perfevered in bear* 
ing the fiege for two months, when all ne? 
ceilaries failing, a council was called and a 
treaty was propofed to king O'Connor, in 

which 



12 HISTORY OF 

which Slfoft^vir agreed toTabUi^ Hiniftdf 
UBto him, and hoW Lelftfter ttfe a feudatoiy 
j^rovinee ; LMfence, ftrchbi(ho() of DuMifi, 
was appointed to treat with Roderick 0*Ccm- 
nor, who on the othwhand ifififted that the 
dtied of Dublin, Waterford, and We*ford, 
fhould be delivered up, with the oMet^ 
&c. and that Strongbow with aft the Ertg- 
liflt forces (houM rfetarn to Engldttd. Th5e 
demands 6f 0*GoAiior not being eMiplied 
with, Stroitgbow, Miles de Cogan, and 
Raynnond le Orofi^ agMtsd to raife all their 
forces and make a fttddeft attack on OtTori' 
nor at Fingtas, whicih was •executed with 
ftich vigour, and being fo uii«rpeaedi that 
they flew 1500 6f O'Connoi^ a#rny, and 
he efcaped wkh gneaf difficulty 5 this dif- 
cxmtaged the reft of the Iriih encamped 
Hbotit the city. Who abandoned Ac (icgd, 
ftttd great quahtkies of provifioni were found 
in thetr camp. Ih 1 1 ft kiiig Henry kn^ed 
at Waterford, attended by moft of the 
Ingtifll nobifi^y, and fettJe^ fer fomfe time 
in Dublin, and eftabiiihed a dvitadrtifniilra^ 
Hon there the fame as in England, and rccem 
ed (he fiibmiffions and fealty of the pedty 
princes who fwore allegianee tahinl lA perfbif ^ 
^2. Qillemohb!th6ek, CChadefie, CtC^ttol^ 
king oF Uriel, O'MelegWih,- klftg of lV4eath^ 
O'Roirk, king of Brcfiuy, withhwiny^hcrs. 
But Roderick O'Connor, king of Conttaught 
and monarch of aB Ireland, was received ori 
the banks of the river Sh^nttonbyHughdi 

Lacy, 



mi 



IRELAND. 13 

JLacy^itic} Wilimm FitBakMrri^ by comiiiifl!^ 
on from K. Hcnry^ to whom he bectnie tribu^ 
tary^ (wore allegiance^ aod gi/re boftages for 
bis fidelity. To the king of England there*- 
fore, allegiance Was acknowledged by all ire- 
land, for they were never conquered, esecept 
the prinoes of Uifter, ami they alio virtually 
did (b in the fybcniifion of the fupreme ino^ 
narch Roderick O'Connor. The laws of 
Enghnd weib at this tne accepted by the 
people of Ireland, which, fays Matthew Pa* 
rts» were joyfully received by them all and 
Confirhied by the king \ haviAg firft received 
their oaths for the obijervaitioii of them* 
Courts of juftice were likewtfe eftablifhed^ 
and officers for the admintftradon of the 
laws, and a parlianiettt was held in Dublin^ 
whidi though the ftatutes are loft, yet men« 
tion 18 made of it in a ftacme made in a 
parliament held at Trim^ std of RtchaidUL 
totative to cheeleAido <^ ^ chief governor. 
Rot- Pari, ad Rich. lU. 

It appeals from what has beea adretdy 
A)eiitioiled in this treatife, that the old Iri(b 
were never conquered by the Englifla^ whicb 
h ftri£tly true ; fiair the diflentions of the 
Irifh ptovjnciat fcttigs firft invited theEn^tfJjt 
S6 conM oi^r^ ^^i^ben Henry It; sdofi^ a 
fegutstf (^pftem of government, which the 
hiHi proving of^ as ^ey thoiiglbc it wooldl 
contribute move M tte^ happinefs and train 
quittity^f Irehmd to receive the ^ng|iflL 
lairs' than to continue any longer fubject to 

the 



J4 HISTORY OF 

the frequent depredations made on them by^ 
the Danes and their provincial chiefe, were 
continually making war with each othcr- 
It is evident, therefore, that England could 
not with propriety treat Ireland as a con- 
quered country, as fome of their chieftains 
did not fwear allegiance to Henry II. and 
therefore they had frequently difputes with 
the Englifh fettlers. 

In the year 117a king Henry gave a 
magnificent entertainment to the Irifb 
princes and others, and gave to earl Strong* 
bow all Leinfter, (but to hold Dublin by 
homage) ; to Hugh de Lacy he gave Meath ; 
to John de Courcy, Ulfter v and to Robert 
Fitzftephen and Miles Cogaiv Cork. The 
king foon after receiving information of his 
Ton John having joined in rebellion in Eng- 
land againft him, it. became neceflfary to re- 
turn thither, where he arrived in ii73f 
having prevtoufly fettled an Englilh colony 
from Briftol in Dublin by charter. 

The charter granted by king Henry IF. 
to the people of Briftol to inhabit the city 
of Dublin, was as follows ; 

Henricus Dei gratia, 8cc. Henry by the 
grace of God, king of England, lord pf 
Ireland, duke of Normandy ;ind Aquitain^ 
and earl of Anjou; to; the arcbbiibops, 
faifhops, abbots, earls, barons, juftices, mi- 
nifters and (herif&, and to all his. faithful 
fubjefts, French^ Engliih| andlriih, greet- 
ings 



i^ 



IRELAND. 15 

mg ; Know ye, that I have given, granted, 
and by my charter confirmed to my fubjcfts 
of Briftol, my city of Dublin, to inhabit. 
Wherefore, I will and firmly command that 
they do inhabit it and hold it of me and my 
heirs, well and in peace, freely and quietly, 
fully and amply and honouiably, with all 
the liberties and free cuftoms, which the 
men of Briftol have at Briftol, and through 

my whole land. Witnefe, William de 

Braofa, Reginald de Courtenay, Hugh de 
Guadeville^ William Fitz-Aldelm, Reginald 
de Glanville, Hugh de Crefly, and Regi-^ 
nald de Pavilly. Dublin, 1173. 

King Henry's title to Ireland, and the 
Pope's ratification of it, was publifhed by 
Vivian, the Pope's legate, in a fynod held 
in Dublin iii 1 177, where he threatened ex- 
communication againft thofe who fliould 
withdraw their allegiance from him. — Henry, 
in the 23d year of his reign, A. D. 11 85, 
conferred the title of Lord of Ireland on his 
fon John, who accordingly by the confent 
of the Britifh parliament, came over to Ire- 
land ; and making a very ill ufe of his pow- 
er, he rendered the Englilh hateful to the 
Irifli, who were otherwife well difpofed to- 
wards them : but he foon after returning to 
Ep^and, the peoplfc from Briftol and the 
Irifti natives continued in friendfliip, and 
Dublin from that time began to flouri(fa.-« 
Thus the Englifli laws and government were 
received in Irdand^ to which the differences 

previoufly 



f6 H I S T O RY OF 

previoufly Aibiifting between the pettj 
princes of Ireland greatl]^ conti rbiued. The 
antient Irifh were at little trouble in the 
ereAingand fortifying of cities, or in proi^ 
viding for themfelves habitatioos of tailing 
and folid niaterialS) for their houfes were 
antiently built of twigs and hurdles and co'» 
vere^ with draw ; and their cities were like 
thofe^ 'defcribed by C^^far, in the 5th book 
of his ComQientarieSy of the antient Eri<r 
ton^ which he fays confifted of a thick 
wood, incloftd within a ditch and tatnpar^ 
and made for a place of retreat. 

The antient Irilh diftinguiihed the office 

of kings by two words, Audrigh, or n the 

high king, L e. the fupreme monarch ; and 

Righ-beag, /. 4, the little or petty kin^i 

in Latin Regulus» who was a provincial 

or inferior king, and owed obedience 

and fubfeAion to the Airdr^, tboogb 

at the fame tame he exercifed an abfo- 

|ute anthority orer his own fulge^Si who 

neverthelefs had a right of appeal to tke fa* 

prenie monarchy and in fmalhsr diftridts 

there were other petty kingiH feme fubje^t 

to the Airdrigb aild fooie to tbe provincia 

kings. See Flaheity^a Ogy^ia^ pi^e ni. 

The IriAi, with refpe£t to their petty )cing% 

£t)ilawed the exaoipte of other natioiis^ fcr 

Llyfles was called king /of Ithaca, thoogli 

his dominion was only an ifland asniiles 

inconapafe, which Gceio compares to a 

neft biuit upom Sk H)ck. Neftor was ftiled 

king 



a fl £ IL A N Ui >i:j 

tkiqg'bf Pyios^ 4 fii^le town in Pefe|)Ctifit^ 
(fos« jkyfltui^ 4ew ^ kings jfi Faleftioe ; and 
scvcry -cifty of the rhesniciftm h»d a Icings 
csnd fiotiording to l^irabb, when Julius Ca^«r 
anvadod Kent^ k was fubje^ ^6 four kingfi^ 
The aflitifs of kdand a^eraained in mmM 
-die IWrtrie fitviiieiii diuring the can yeafa 
iKTgn tf Richltrd I. from 1 1^9 to i j^, aa 
they wefc h at the deceafe e( Heliry, for 
itidiard was too Dsuchi takm up with the 
acrafades to j^y itiu^ acfeiltion to the i«- 
terefts of Ireland, foen after the aceeffion 
fit king John to the thione^ be ft^t about 
tl^ retortiatioii of this kingd<$na with vigoiii'9 
-and for this purpofe in taio^ divided fuch 
farta of the provinces of LetnUer and Mun-- 
iber as were within the Engliih pale into 
twelve countiiea. The defe^ndants of the 
antient prinoea in other pint of Ireland did 
not pay him any more than a nominal Tub* 
jeAiori, and goVerded by their Brehon lawa^ 
and in fliortv exercifed their ads ot fove- 
i^ignty within their own refpediive ftatea, 
Which was pretty much the cafe ttH the reign 
tif James L King John alio erected eonria 
pf /tadkature in £>ublin^ and appointed 
)udgc8y circmtfe, and corporations as in Eng- 
land^ He al(b caufed an abftra6k of the 
Englifii taws and cnftoms to be drawn up in 
writing which were depofited in the Exchc^ 
quer in DuUih^ with hi»(eal affiked thereto. 
From the year tai6 to 1300, daring the 
rtigta of Henry lil. BdWard I. and II. 

the 



rt H I sr OR y rop 

- the Irilh continued quret^ but repenting of 
their predeceflbrs ha vingfo readily enfibraced 
the Englifli government, they endeavoured 
to withdraw themfelves from obedience xa 
the laws of England ; and in order more 
cffedually to execute their intentions, they 
brought over to them feveral of * thcfirft aci- 
venturers from Briftol, who had conformed 
themfelves to the manners and cuftoma of 
the native I rifli. Ireland was at this time 
invaded by Edward, brother of Robert 
Bruce, king^ of Scotfend, who ai^iyingat 
Dundalk was crowned king of Irefond^tfau^re^, 
but was at laft defeated and killed by gene- 
ral Birmingham, an officer of great cxpertr 
cnce th the Engliffi army. Many excellent 
laws for the prbteftion and (ecurity of vdic 
properties of the frifli were pafled by Edward 
II. who ruled Ireland like a^ true father of 
his people. 

In 1^3*^, a rebellion broke out which wa» 
attended with the lofs of a confiderablc 
number of men before it could be fupprefledj^ 
but a fuccefllon of governors, remarkable 
for their wifdom and teavery, however at 
lafr quieted the infergents. ^ In 1361 > prince 
Lioneh, fon to Edward IH. having married 
the heirefs of Ulfter, was fent over to go- 
vern this kingdom and to prevail on the in- 
habitants to an intire conformity to the laws 
of England; in which, though his endeavours 
were not waMing to accoraplifti it, yet he did 
not fuccced ; the natives complaining of the 

govern* 



J 



1 R ELAN D. 19 

govtsrnment of England in fending over men 
of mean birth to execute ibe laws. In 1394 
Richard II. with great prudence, policy, 
and addre^ took a method to gain the 
hearts of the Irifli more efFeftuaUy than any 
of his predeceflbrs ; he came over attended 
by 30,000 foot and 400 horfe well armed, 
the ufe of fire arms having been lately invent- 
ed. On his arrival he eftablifhed a court, to 
which he invited all the principal men of the 
kingdom, entertained them in the moft fu« 
perb, elegant and fplendid manner ; and 
conferred the honour of knighthood on four 
of the petty princes, and on all their chiefs, 
who appeared in magnificent robes accord* 
ing to the cufiom of thofe times: and as he 
snade ufe of no force, the Irifli were highly 
pleafed at his refidence among them, efteem-? 
ing it a high compliment fliewn to (heir na-» 
tion. In fliort, by the munificence^of his 
court and politenefs, he fucceeded to the 
utmoft of his expeftations in intirely gaining 
the afFedlions of the peopl^; and received the 
allegiance of moft of the Irifli in the pro- 
vince of JLeinfter, and he granted to the 
city of Dublin. (for the purpofe of repairing 
the bridges and ftreets) a penny to be re- 
ceived out of every houfe, and fupplied the 
courts of juftice with able and experienced 
lawyers. In i sgg^ the earl of March, then 
lord lieutenant of Ireland, having been mur- 
dered, Richard 11. went over in perfon to 
revenge his death, when his army ftruck the 

natives 



»o HISTORY OF 
mttvcs with the utirtioft i3oilftleFniitiont wlia 
throw'rrtg themfditcs on his juftice befcmght 
bis tmtcy^ which was gr^tited thefn; btft 
hearing from Etigknd that the duke of 
Lanoafter uras invading that kihgdom, hd 
immediately returned thither and war fccm 
after det>ofed land killed* Frorh this period 
to the leign of Benry VIII. the Ei^liftt 
were in pdSkSion of a fmall part of Ifelatkl^ 
diilitipniihed by t^ name of the Pale, Whkh 
contained the counties of DuUin^» Louth^ 
Kiidare, ant^Medth; Tot widioitt the piali^ 
ijae £n^lifli were continually andoyed by 
the Ancient Irifh, who endeavoured at a^ 
epportnnitfes to diipoflC^s the Englifti^ l>ut 
their miicarriage fa thefe attecopts wer4 
ptmcipaUy to be Attributed to their <iiflfef)«- 
ticms among themfelves ; and every defdit 
of the Irifli was attended by feme new ae? 
qififition to the £nglt(h» land ^cm Hef^H 
VHL governed Iretamd, k wa6 by tontimial^ 
}y fupportifig one chief i^nft another, fo 
^542» James V. of Scodand aifertiog fonM 
pretentops to the crown of Ireland^ 
Henry aflumed the title of AirVtf' of Ireland^ 
which had the defiraA^ffed ; rar the kings 
of England prevbus to^this, were only calk 
ed bids of Ireland; upon this occafion all 
prifoners except for mimkr were fet at U^ 
berry. 

The Irifh rerruaned very peeoeabie during 
the reign of queen Mary^ but modi citheir-*' 
wife during tkoi Of queeli Elizabeth^ 

whofe 



1 K E L A M D. » 

mho(c frotiucoi: . dii^tites: vttih itbe If iflr Ron 
nuiD Catholics made her.fcdgo tftcy un^y^ 
tbe:Bopeai)d th^ hpixiSil of Ait^a bariDg 
a^ that cimo powerful fmnds.againft'hQf iiir 
iDelaiid. '{luEi Spaniacds Jiaoang at (Us limo 
poflbfied? themfelvftt of I^tQfiUe« during th^ 
itbdKo» bf ^JTOoe^ caufirdinfihitetiottUesr^ 
and it took a<coifidbrabIe time befiptite tfasy; 
eoiild be fiippccficd^ but at kngih it was ef« 
fbded by> lord Mduntjayfsdefioating the Spin 
jiiardBand^tbelrilfabetoreKinfak, and/etid*^ 
ing 'Fyroae a prifooer |o EiDglaad, where 
t|ueen BlizMmb afterwasda pardoned him^ 
b<ung fearfal of hurmg her intereft with 
ihe Ronian Catholiaa: of lr«land« James JL 
wtan<tt Ipn^ in pofifeilion of bis croafvn. be^i^ 
fbrche^ took^ cbc; moft;i^b£lual xneafi8.of fcU; 
dicing lo the Iriihithw^flbifioiis^ fautiini 
i6o9, aAoiber rdidiHah broke^out, liiiwhid} 
Sir Calinft O^Dogherty was the principidy 
lirJtd^mafifiiortly^fervarda^kUiedi when.hisL 
adh€fem$ vvttre^ dtO^nfedi Tbtie weitt' at< 
thift* time upwards^ Sio^ooaaoresof ^ndr 
^fled in th^ crown, which hadbebngedito; 
ttefe^whawcffeaCttHntod v princfpaily in the> 
immnce of Ulftef. 3eeMS; in Rolls:0&. 
'ft:^ pub)in« 

fotb« reign of Charles ii thevRomantON- 
tiijel»es4n^rdep to repoffiifft ithemfelves^of tfae^ 
IMs hekt^ by tboi^forefothersi and^toefta'^^ 
Ufifti'their fel^^iMti Irthmd^ enteied into Ai 
confpiracy^f' niafticsthg' aU; Aefvoteftante 
ifrlfeisfidf btttlkcir' plao^jciog-difccwred^ 

by 



tt HI STORY OF 

by one concerned in the intended execution 
of it, to the council held at the Caftle of 
Dublin the preceding night, the execution of:] 
their purpofe was thereby, prevented; they 
however partly executed their defign in 1641, 
when the number, who were murder- 
ed, is difficult to be afcertained, but many^ 
are of opinion there were upwards of twcbty 
tfaou(and ; for further particulars I muft re- 
fer the reader to that valuable work the hif- 
tory of Ireland, written by the celebrated 
Dn Leland, and to Warner's hiftory of the 
Rebellion, The difturbances in Ireland con- 
fiderably decreafed in the reign of Charles 
II. tho' the Irifti were again embroiled in new 
troubles in the year 1688, when James IL 
abdicated the throne of England, and Wil* 
liam prince of Orange and Stadtholder of the 
United Provinces was applied to by the prin- 
gpal nobility to come over, in order to de- 
fend the religion, liberties and properties 
of the Englifti. In 1689, lord Tyrconnel 
having difarmed all the proteftants in Ireland 
and formed an army of Roman Catholics, 
amounting to near 30,000 foot, and 80QO 
hbrfe for the fefvice of James, ; while the pro- 
teftants in the intereft of WiUis^m, took up 
arms in the North ; jn a few days James 
made a public entry into Dublin, and his 
friends being colleded together, he marched 
towards the North with 20,000 n)en, topic 
Kilmore and Coleraine, and afterwards in- 
yefted Londonderry, where the inhabitants 

amount- 



IRELAND. zg 

tttnonntittg to upwards of 7000 men, all of 
them bdiig determined, notwithftanding the 
difierent^e t3f their nmnbers, to rqsuUe them ; 
ift this they wer^ greatly aided by the rev. 
^jifr. Walker, who, in cbiyunftion with major 
Baker, took on him the government of the 
town, wliich had been deferted by the go- 
Vert)or; they infpired the inhabitants with 
fuch heroic courage, fcarcely tobeparal* 
Icled in biftory„ that diey made a vigorous 
defence,* refolving rather to facrifice their 
lives than futrender. In this extremity, fa- 
mine made its approach, and they fuffered 
thegreateft diftreis, but after a very refoUite 
defence for three months, to their great re- 
lief three fliips arrived with provifions, and 
onthe3C^x>f Julyihefiegewas raifed. At 
£iifii(killen «k fiegetwas alfo laid by general 
Wacfeairty vi^th fix thoufand men, but the in- 
hlsibitants diftinguiftied themfclves with |>e- 
culiar courage, and though their numbers 
were not above two thou&nd men, under 
the comrhandof col. Berry, yet was Mackar- 
ty defeated.^ A parliament was then called 
in Dublin by James, wfio voted king Wil- 
liam an ufurper, deprived the proteftants 
Vfbo bad abetted him ©f^their poffeffibns, 
and paffed ah ad of attainder. The Frencfh 
fent for the fervice of James a reinforce- 
nient of 5000 men, and a cbnfiderable quan- 
tity of bafe money was at this time coined 
for the payment of his army. In the mean 
ticQc marfhal Schomberg with a confiderable 

body 



24^ H. ISiT O R T OB 
hodf of EiiglcfiiifpreesmdaMd 9B¥eni ^ tint 
pvtndpaltownsiv kbg William tben affimg; 
avdf ati the head of 9^&fiOQi men,. eo«ampll4 
oa the* &>uth ^ds or the rivei? BoyM^, abciuii 
fow. milefr fsom Dio^^a,, iiltbe o^ueiy of 
Louth^oppo&etokinqB^Jamasrsamigr:^ Vi^hidf}' 
wa^compoiedof twent]]^x:thou&il4;Frenclii 
and Iriih. WlHiam paAtd the ri^ifef wHb hb 
army^ . which took the torn upctotimt WaiA%, 
doove thofeifoe&tcfhmi. wfao.oppofedibi&blidh 
iog, and gaining an ckvatsd; pfttt.of th». 
gmumlty drofethe.eBdniy^fioiB: tteM^. aafili 
oDtaiiifid a coraplaatYidtonjii, wfaic 
edkimg^Wiliiain OB the throneiof Irelttoji^. 
Ifi tbia^^^pmeat marflul Schonnbe^ m4 
ftveral eminent offibers wenskiiled and'ipeM^ 
one thou&nd privateiiTsea j .about . the Umfi 
nacnberwere^kilkd of King J3nK6!a army* 
Thta U0a&ihe<only ivi£lary< Wniiavi/everglitt^ 
ed in perfon. J^mBs io iBi.trae fbugbt aft dm' 
bea4 of^an: un^oipKneift. raUric) bub biih. 
French a4ixilta€ieai>iMreffay?nD\infmna.eoiMa« 
geoua^ hbafieiaf«i4aiMlr6d>tojSt(;Geriiiain*(it 
in Franooi whtf&lie4ibdt It is.aknoAilnv* 
credible tbi amovnc olF thenfiorfeiiuflQ^^^aiid' 
faom Cotm aothentso; 14BB. . niatiM thereioi! 
whfch^I have Ibcd, andi: areinom'tin cfadfofv' 
feffiofti of a-gentiemanuniOiifalaii, .tbaf^-.aien 
nmaerouav whfob ^It to: thecrodm-on ema^ 
count of tiherebdliiQnj: butthepa«qtdbig[jlan 
pcoAoute^for iba fiirfeked^eftattBloiii rigor*>' 
ottfljfi againfti tb^> Roman Catfaolioi; ttiYT! 
boe»*attand6d' witk mwiy^gfeat adtantBgearj 
a^pnfent to this kingdom ^ the Roman Ca- 
tholics 



"ipmwffiv^l^^^nmmiVI 



I R E 1. A -N D. i^ 

tholics being in poffeffion of great property, 
which efi^b^s tteiti to improve the coun- 
tries in which. they refide. They have been 
rtitrch b8hefitfed'b.ti;b6rpahy Sas[ of parlia- 
ment paifeditl'tbelf^ favour \ti r7^gf, . parti-'; 
culatjy an adt'to enablfe'them to take leafes 
ibx k)^^ yic'ats j they being previous to this 
pw^riod/ ^0^ p^rjiiitted to, take leafes for a 
I6ii§)er tei;m:thdn^^3! yW^^ .They are well 
atbs^^id to thepfcrc'pt ro^^^^ fartiily and to 
theEndiffikov^etnteent.^-; ; ' •' 
-'"''tW^lixSa re- 

ceives.ftotri the rriaby charter ichools, where 
children are educated iii, the proteftant re- 
H^t)i c^nftitWT^^ exprefled. An 

aft.B^viiifgps^flKl (1^^^^^ for Ijiiiiting the du- 
r^t^{^'*)fpaT;ltatnents to eight ye^afs, hath been 
pttidu^ivte tifitlfipitfe-beoefit to Ireland, and 
has Ifcen^btie great means of pf-onibting the 
improvements which are making throughout 
^is kingdom. But it is to the late a6ts which 
< ^' • "^^ * ' ^^ Tn, the Britifh fegifla"^ 

trad^ to'lreland; tb^ 
'ybiiinteers tfirbtigholHf' 
tbis kfrtgdom^'artioumii^ t^ ^eaV s^^oooy 
and W/the Be^clart/d refolutions' of a great 
number of gentlcihen, not to wear any 
6ther matiufadures burt thofe of Ireland,- 
mtrfl:' be atfribuft;id'* her ^pfefent' emerging" 
ftijAl'a^f thofeciiVfcuhiflfinwf^ her ftrnier re- 
ftTitUd%riittft¥t*'aibf^^ k ^The 

KheffrStf% k4x^, ib-Jtaind^^Htt'a^ 
^ear ih^the ehluiiig-'\ia!ges/ • 

Vol. L C Con* 





s£ CoWTiruTfOK o? 

t>)J^r«T^TVTiO|ir and ^oVj^slnm^kT'.^ 

IreUmJ Wng cbnn^^ ^icH the crown 
of EngUnd,j varies buVli»tlcjWif h J:f;fpc<^. to 
iw coriftitii^ipn gndgovernmeut; pccyioqs to 
the 334 of Henry VIlI. it wa$ entitled only 
thedotpniaiqn^ ^ofdihip qf Itplacd, fijtjpe 
ifhiph cbe kjqgs ^pf EngU^ -^ffe^^Jto kbgi 
<>f Irekii^; ard in. the feigu4)f ,H^ty VL 
at a council held k Xifntiore^ .^c ^ngliih 
laws were t^cived and ^reecj to l^ in- 
formed to t>y the Irifti nation ^ from the tunc 
of which council, it has been the opinion of 
ipapy, thj^t a$ the Jriflt ^cJpowlec%^ 
their aJlegian^:^ ta the.t:iag; pf. Ep^^nd^ 
i^nd conformed to the law^ of Gf?at Birl- 
tfun, it Im bee? fymeftecj, that freland 
can bif j^QUpd by a^ cf the SritiQi legilU- 
tww. Tbq king of En^and fends a vice- 
roy 1lj(ith®r to adnnniiHer the public a0atra 
oif .{re^rt^, (whom he reptd'^tsj> whp g9cs 
by the^ Mm/^ of lord Ueuten^'qt general 
^d geni^f^l govern^ .of Ireland, ^e ju-^ 
ri£cli<^ii?n ^^jbicJ ^^thority of whom i^ }am- 
pJe nnd royal by the terms of his com* 
loiiSoi^ i but according ^ the king!s ficsk-. 
fyre^ or 2|s the e^^iget^cies of the un^ea 
m^y r^uirf^ his p^wer* na^y be in Qmc^ 
m^fyi>s^ t:^Q^t^ir}^.9r -^fpi^ge^ ;0n tb© 
^pral ojf wy icbic? ;gQ¥Ww;)r in:,P«\^ 
lio^ frpip. Eng!»n(^ the. Iprji ^figiygr^ .jjc- 
corder^ aldermen ai;yd ihedfiS| wait op biax 

at 



llll«iV|iiiii..ll| 



IRELAND. ft; 

9t his kndii^f aipd prdetit €o/him the k^ym 
of th^xity, who^ft^rwardfi returns, diera i<J 
the lond vntyar^ &c. On bis arrival afjthe 
Caftle, and edtecihg upon this >hofKM|fab^ 
employ, his kttei*s patent are puWicIy read 
in the council^chanaber, and having taken 
the lifual oaths before the lord i$han(^!|Qr^ 
the fword which is to becar<(i?d b^ivris hii?i, 
is then delivered into hist hands, ;aod he is 
feated in tbi5 chair of ftate, attended by the 
lord chanccHof, th^. members of , the privy 
council, the lords fpiritual and t^fuppr^l and 
nobles ; the king at arms, a fetjeantrf^t arfns^ 
a ferjeant at maee, and othtr pincers of 
ftate. 'Hence if he be oonlkNed |Tel^t<a»«g 
hisjurifditVion, bis iitlihomty, his ;{*♦!"[> his 
Qrfefidor-or his att'e^^anee, nh^m is op vice* 
foy in the knawn world, that ; conies sfearer 
the gracid^ir %nd majefty of a king; dad 
he never -appears: on any pubjio ogcafiori 
wi<ihoutfceiiRg'ati!6tidfed by il bQjiy.<^f hferfej 
guards^ dr goes toihe pariiarnepthQufe bu* 
in great ftate and (proc^flifoni: and* the frji 
regimeots on Ctablitf dutyvlihiflg t^ weeis 
tbrou^ v^bich he paifts. <He h^' a coun^ 
corhpofed o(nW the great cfeucis of the* 
croM!Q ; nartidy the d^nciellor, thepfimate. 
0f all ItelafladI, and[fiftdh tdfh^ of ihe ar^bin 
ihops^ dilke!/ jearls/ UblhQ^, t^r6fas, judgiosi 
and gmfkfiten aslrbta majefty^jd pleafedi^ 
^tppomi <When a lord lieiitJirnafQft. di^y : t^. 
had ^b^n^ellor.hadbippvter, to.ifiicmnQfyttHe. 
fwry council to eleft another, to fervc un- 
C z tU 



S8 CoNsTlTUtloN Ol? 

til the king authorizes one and he be fwomi 
^n purfualnce of a ftamte of Henry Vill. 
'■'The parliament in It-eland as well as in 
£ngland, coiTiftfe of a houfe of lords and 
fcomm6ns. In the Irifh houfe of lords are 
dneduke. 37 earls, 46 vifcounts, 42 barons, 
ahd 22 biihops, in all 147. The re|>refenta- 
tlves bf the commons are 300. The noble- 
iTien of Ireland have greater privileges in 
fome refpedts than the noblemen of Sco^ 
land ; tiiey are capable of fitting itt the 
houfe of commons of England, and of 
being made peers of Great Britain : the 
ddcft fofl of a Scots peer cann<y( fit in 
the ' firitifh houfe • of corhmons, but the 
eldeft foh of tin Irifli peer may. The 
Irifti parliameht is the fupreme court, 
and is convened by king's writ, and hold 
feffions 6very fecbnd year; thofe noble- 
men who are Roman Catholics, cannot 
fit in the hoiife of lords without being 
properly -quililied agreeable to law. In 
fr77iy all aeV pafled t):> 'give up their par- 
Jiamerftdty piiivileges Tni^oafes of all law 
prdc^edirigs* The laws ^f> Ireland take 
their firft iiKnion either from the privy 
touiiciijof this kingdom or from eitha 
ofJthe bcJafes of;^dramenr;.btUt by the 
few of t Poytliiig^s «liey muft be oerti- 
ftddfj^>^^. byvthi council to' England for 
tftfereyal^pprobationy when if approved of 
by^'biS' iinajeftyaiid 4X)ttncil9 they pafs the 

great 



IRELAND. ^9 

great feal of England and are returned 
to Ireland, when if any alterations^ ara 
made they are frequenifly thrown '. 6nt. 
The laws? of Ireland being nearly. thci fame 
with thofe of England, and with regard 
to diftributive juftice, and the civil' and 
^clefiafticaL'inftitiptions, in jmany refpq^ 
iSmilarv it; is: prefiimed it mzy riot be 
improper for the faiisfa<^ion of rny read- 
ers, to fubjoin a brief ftate of the com 
ftitution and governnnrent of England, as 
it will more fatisfeitorily point out^ where- 
in the two kingdoms may any way ma- 
terially differ in thofe particulars. The 
executive part of the laws of Great Bri- 
tain, as well as that of Ireland, is vefted 
in the king or fovereign^ whether male 
or female. The crown by common law 
and conftitutional cuftom is hereditary, 
and this in a manner peculiar to it&lf : 
but the right of inheritance may* from 
time to time be changed or limited by 
a£t of parliament, under which limi- 
tations the crown ftill continues here- 
ditary. At the coronation of the king 
or queen of England, an oath is admi^ 
niftered by one of the archbifhops or 
bilhops of the realm in the prefence of 
all the people,, who reciprocally take the 
oath of allegiance to the crown. This 
coronation oath in which the principal 
C 3 duties 



30 . C0K8TITUTIOK OF 

dadts of the kiog arc expreile^ is in fub* 
ftance as follows, viz. 

The archbiftiop or bifliop fayrng : Will 
you fotemhly promife and fwear to govern 
the people of this kingdom of England, and 
the dominions thereilhto belonging, accord* 
ing 10 the ftatutes in parliament agreed on, 
and the laws and cnftoms of the feme.--* 
The king anTwers^ I folemnly promife ia to 

4x ...::. 

^ Archbifhop. Will you to your power 
caufelaw and juftice, in mercy, to be exe* 
coted in all your judgments.— The king 
anGvcrs, I wilL 

Arthbifhofx Will you tothe utraoft of 
youc power,- maintain the laws of God, 
the true profeflion of the Gofpel, and the 
proteftant reformed religion eftablifiied by^ 
Jaw, and will you prcfer?e unto the bifhops' 
audi clergy of this realm, and to the cbuceb* 
l»>r committed to« their charge, all fuch rights 
?rid t^rivileges as by law do or (hall apper- 
4atn uitito them, or any of them ^'-^-The 
kinj^ anfwers. All this 1 promife to do. 

Then the king laying his hand upon the 
holy Gofpcis, fays tbefe words : The things 
-which i have here before pron^iied^ I will 
perform and keep: So help me God* And 
then kf\ffes the book. 

Thefubftance of the above is adminif^ 
tered alfo to the queen, whorepHes in the 
fame terms or to t|iat efTedl. And it is to 

be 



I R B L A:' W D. ^t 
h^ bbfttved; that by ibc feft. 5 Ann©, 
di. 8 lh6 king i^ to tsike lifid fubfcribe 
W oath^ W prefecve lihe feittemcnt ctf the 
sHutch of England, within Etvgland, Ire- 
fandj W^les, and Berwick, ami the tcrri«- 
tories tHereutoto befonging. 

The kiftg 6f Grelit Britain b his.dignity 
ahd' p6wey, is one 6f the grettteift monarcln 
in tht wdrid, reigning *>'nt a free peopte. 
His power is extcnfive^ for he can make 
War or pedee^ make treatiea 6f kague and 
commerce, fevy armies^ fit oat fltets; to 
feii ofilecss by land ^nd le»v ^an grant 
tonimiflion^ and at hh \plearare revoke 
Ihemi (ehd ^nd receive ambaffadors; has 
the right of chvidt/g bis own codfincil is^ 
Eng?aw4, and ftorfiinatiitg the privy eoun- 
,tt{ and lord lieutenant of Irekind, and 
fcftn nominate all the great officers of ftate, 
the chtirch, and the boufhoki^; and all 
degrees of nobility are derived from him. 
With re^dt to the Bngliik' andi Irilb par- 
liament, the king fummons them^ to meet; 
•nd when met, adjonrns, prorogues, or dif- 
(blves them at pleafure ;. and he can refufe 
his aiTent to any bill; nhoKqE^ it had prevft- 
^ufly pa^d' the bocrlTes of lords and conw 
Wons, which confequcntly has no more 
force by fuch refafal than if it had ne- 
^€r been moved in either houfe. The 
perfon of the king in the eye of the law is 
heldlacred, for to imagine or intend his 
C 4 death 



:32 ' CoNSi^jTy'rioK <rf 

death is high treafon,. Het^annotb* deem- 
ed guilty: of any crime, the kw takiijrg no 
cognizance of his actions ; iheexeciHton of 
the laws being intrufted to his care» yejt he 
camiot feize the property of the meaneft 
man in his domimoBs eicept it be forfeited 
by law. t' Thip'canoot b;e:faid of any confti- 
tution or power ott earth^N except that of 
England, ind thckiRg^OHis^id^p^ndact on 
it } therefore, how happy muii the inhabi- 
tants of that^ nation be» who can boaft of 
the bfcffing oC fucKan excclle.n| gfovernment 
under a British king. , .A fubjei^ w;ho nwy 
.thinlc. himfetf ^ggrieve^, m^y fwitjioutr.thc 
Jedfl; dangier fue iii$ fpyieiteigi)i{ or thofe who 
Ai£b in br& name, and unider bi^ ainliority s 
this he may do in the courts of law, where 
the king may be caft» The liberty of the 
Jeaft individual eannet be^ taken away by 
him, unlefshebath by fome jllegpil aft, for* 
ieited his^ right to liberty, or except when 
the flaite i^ in ddnger^ or Ahe^ jpublic fafecy 
makes it ncccffary to cppfif^^ perfons on ex- 
traordinary cafes on fufpicion of guiU fftr a 
limited lime. The legiflative porwer in 
•EnglaftdJs commitied to t^ houfcj^f lords 
•and commons. The houfe of; l<>rd%^onfifts 
of two archbiftiops and >a4; bifbops, i$ 
peers of Scotland, an<J an indefiipj ten umber 
of peers, which are increafed at wjll by the 
power of the crown. . The houfe of com-^ 
mons confift of Englifli reprefei\t3$ivf5 $t3$ 

of 



f 



mm 

I R E L A N D. 35, 

of Scots 45, in the whole 558, The lords 
are in the privileges enjoyed by their houfe,^ 
in their own nature hereditary j the only 
di(advant^ge which could arife from this is, 
that their power being hereditary they nilght 
be induced to purfue their own intereft in. 
preference to that of the public ; to prevent 
this, where it might be even fuppofed they 
could be corrupt, as. in the cafe of granting 
fupplies, they have only the power of refuf- 
ing, while the cororhons alone have that of 
granting and enabling. When any irienibet 
of that refpedtable body are guilty of any 
crime, they are tried by their own houfe, 
every peer being prefent, who on giving 
their verdidt, lay their right hand upon their 
breaft, faying Guilty upon their honour, or 
not guilty, as the cafe may be 5 which is oF 
the fame confequencc to them as an. oath. 

The houfe of commons have the impor- 
tant charge of fupporting the conftitution, 
maintaining the honour of the crown, to 
defend the privileges of the people, raife 
fubfidies, make laws, and redrefs grievances, 
thus are ihcy the guardians of our property 
and our trade. No reprefentative can take 
his feat in the houfe before he hath taken: 
the oaths of fupremacy, allegiance, and ab- 
juration, Stc. nor until he attains to the age 
of 21 years. The parliament is diflblved 
and a new one called every feven. years iii 
England, and every eight years in Ireland. 
The king of England hath, befid^s his higfi 
C 5 court 



n 

r * 



^4 , CofrsTtfutiott Ol^ 

court of |5arliiiment, fubgrdihate chailcelfots 
find miriifters fo affift hifn, and whb are f^- 
fponfiblc for their advide and conduil ; by 
tie king's nomination, without cither patent 
or grant thefe are made, arid imitiediately 
become privy councellors on taking the ne 
ceflary oathS ; they continue during the life 
pf the k\ng tlwt choofes them, but luWed at 
his difcretion to be removed.. In Ireland 
the king alfo nbminates the privy Couhcil td 
affifl: with their advice the lord lieutenant, 
But they do not continue during the king's 
life, but when removed, others are appoint* 
*d. On particular cafes as famine, &c 
proclamations have been iflued for tempora- 
ry piirpofes, as layinjg embargoes on the ex- 
portation of corn, or beef, by the privy 
council, when the parliament hath ndt been 
fittings but when they did fit thefe were re- 
voked, «nd laws made for thofe purpc.fes. 
■ The legiflature of England being in many 
jef(^6ls not fo generally underftood as the 
nature of the fubjed demands, efpecially 
refpedtirig the pafling of bills ; it may not 
be irtiprdper to ftate the following particu- 
lars relative thereto. The legifl ture of 
England confifts of three diftiftCl parts, viz. 
the king, lords, and com nons ^ in procefs 
df time each of them grew lip to have 
rfiftind privileges, as to the beginning par- 
ticular bufinelfts. Thus all afts of general 
trace and pardon, take its rife from the 
ing ; a£is relative to the lords arid riiatters 

of 



I R E. 1. A N b. 5^ 

df^gmty fn fhatltoufe, and the gfaintih^ 
of money in . the cotnrtions. jPrevfoui td 
the yeat ijto, ^6 citizens iricfbarf^effd 
i^erfe ria jkrt of tji^i)6d^ pbiitfc and weref 
fiot repreftntdd In parlJimenf ; but about: 
this year their weahh and confeqaeiice in* 
creafing, they wefe adthkted to this pfiyi-' 
Fege^ tnat they rrtlght in conjtindiion with 
the knights of (hires, bef a ehetkonthd 
power of thfc lords; ind about this titne alfo 
the fafne p^fivilege w^s allowed to this claft 
of peopfe ih the <Wbet^'natic^fls of Europe; 
This right was conftt^rtied, and thehoufe of 
commons in its prefent condition, formed 
by the ftatute tf the . thirty*fcfurth of Ed-* 
ward 1. Nultum talldpumvel auxilmtn^pei^ 
nos vet bar ides mfifas^ in ngHo noftri pond^ 
iur^feU kvmt^ Jfht Hofuntate ^ ^enJU 
drcbiepi/coporum^ epifcoporum^ coihiium^ 
haronunt^ militum^ burgenfium &? alio- 
rum Kberomm conrnnnrnm de regno noftro ; 
where we fee, not only the b'urgefles, hxA 
free yeomen had alfo tefpreferitatives, bjf 
their votings along with the fchighW of the 
ftiires, according tb the maxtm of that iFi 
luftrious prince, ^^ ad ontnes pertinent^ cA 
mnibus debent trailari. Every day, and by 
infenfible fteps, , their bnnfe advanced in te- 
putation, privileges, and power, ftom. the 
time of Edward h (whofe piroFcffion w^ tb 
be a patron of hberry, and pofoffed great 
wifdom and forefight) to the reign of Hen- 
ry Vlll. fince Which its progrctehas been 

very 



36 CoNSTITUflON Of } 

Tery grcjat. The cncrc^jof commerce gave 
the commons ability' tp.,purchafei^ the ex- 
travagance of thclordsg^ve tjtittp an incli- 
nation, and ibiJa>ji^s gave them a. powcr..to 
alienate eftate$ i,inibmucl^.thati. as the fhare. 
of property which the commons have is fa 
difproportionate to that of the king and no- 
tleSjk and that power is faid to follow proper*' 
ty, the 4)pinionj of feme is, our government 
leans too much to the popular fide ; while 
others, t^hp' they admit it fo in appearance^ 
refledtiqg what .a number of the houfe of 
commons are returned by indigent borough^ 
who are wholly in the power of a few great 
m&fi think . the weight of government is 
jrather oligarchicaL The lords originally fre- 
quently :taxed thenpfelves, as did the com- 
mons, without any communication with 
ei^ch "otlier; but afterwards 'when it was 
judged better to lay on general taxes, that 
Aould equally aflfedt the whole nation, thefe 
generally took their rife in that houfe which 
reprefcnted the bulk pf the people ^ and this 
by fteadinefs and perfcverance, they aflert 
the right peculiar to themfelves, not to al- 
low the lords a power to change the lead 
little in a money bill. As to laws that relate 
not to thefe peculiar privileges, they now 
take their rife indifferently either in the 
houfe of. lords or coipmons of England^ 
and when framed into a bill, and approved 
by both, are prefented to the king for his 
ajjfent i and has been the pradice there for 

near 



IRELAND. s7 

near three hundred years pad. But the 
method of pafling laws, wa§ antienily differ- 
ent on the part of the king, for the houfe 
which thought of a new law as expedient^ 
drew up a petition to the king, which whea 
both houdbs had agreed to, w.s prefente4 
to him, who gave fuch anfwer as he thought 
proper, either confen ting in the whole by 
faying, Let it be as is defired, or accepting 
part and refuTmg or pafling by the reft, or 
refufing the whole by faying. Let the an- 
tient laws be obferved, or in a gentler tone, 
The king will deliberate ; his anfwer being 
entered on the roll, the judges drew up the 
adt, on confidering the petition and anfwer, 
which was made public. By the prefent 
courfe, the fubjetls receive of the king his 
bare affirmative or negative, and he has 
waved that privilege, by the difufe of peti- 
tions of accepting a part and denying the 
remainder. It is remarked by lord Coke, 
that the adls drawn up at this time, were 
generally exceedingly well penned; ftiort, 
concife, and ilriking at the root~ of the 
grievance intended to be redrefled. 

In Ireland the form of the legiOature hath 
been in fome refpedls different from that of 
England, for near three hundred years paft, 
which as it is in a particular manner neceifa- 
ry for the gentlemen who may propofc to. 
refide in Ireland to be acquainted with, I 
fliall poiiit out the nature of the conftitution 
of this kingdom, from the moft authentic 

infor- 



S> CoWSf ITUTIOti 6f ' 

in Formation, dnd the caufes of its deriatioB 
from its model. The chief governors of Ire- 
land were, at the firft commcnceinent of the 
Engli(h government in that kingdom chofeii 
by the king out of the lords of the Palc^ 
fo called from their refidence in Leinftcr, 
the defcendants of the firft fettters^ who 
came over with Henry II. both as they were 
acquainted with the intereft of Ireland and 
concerned in the prefervation of the cofooy, 
and having confiderable poflefBons, were 
enabled to fupport the dignity of their em- 
ployment, the king's revenues being at that 
time very low. By the writers of thofe tinnes 
it is aflerted, that thefe governors were 
every day lofing ground to the natives, not 
being able to preferve the footing the Englilh 
had, notwiihftanding ihey were men of th^ 
greateft abilities, and of equal faith fulnefs 
to the crown. The power of thefe lord- 
Keutenants was fo great, that they gave con- 
fent to laws without ever confulting the king 
of England, a power, perhaps, neceffaryat 
firft, when the country was in a perpetual 
ftate of war, and its intereft would not ad* 
mit of delays, but certainly, not fit to be 
continued, both for the fake of king and 
people. The Englifti lords who by inter- 
marriages with the Irifh, had acquired great 
eftates here, became negligent in maintain- 
ing the pofleflions of the Englifh. 

King Edward lit oh finding himfelf ill 
ierved by the chief governors, whom he had 

appoint- 



PPPiPMi 

IRELAND. 5^ 
appointed w this great employment and in-' 
t'rufted with fuch citraotdinary power, re-* 
ftilved to depute perfons whole attachment 
he codfd confide in, and who were not poC- 
fefled of any cftates in Ireland, and accord- 
ingly we find that from the reign of Ed- 
t^rard III. natives of England are generally 
appointed to the government of Ireland,' 
tvhtch w^s not approved of by fomc of the 
Irilh lords at that period, who looked upon 
themfelves as injured by the antierrt pradtice 
fiot being continued. This difcontent was 
farther inflamed by an extraordinary ftep, 
which Edward IJL was prevailed upon to 
take, artd which firft gave rife to that fo* 
mous diftindtion between the Englilh by 
blood and the Engli(h by birth. Thiskfng 
and his father Edward 11. had granted great 
cftates and extenfive jurifdidtion to many 
Irifh lords of Englifh blood, for fer vices 
which had been done, fome of which the 
king alleged were obtained by mifreprefenta* 
tion : had he contented himfelf with pro- 
ceeding in a legal courfe, by calling thefe 
patents m by Scire Facias^ and vacating 
them upon proof of any deceit, no perfon 
Could have complained ; but Edward II. 
took a method quite different, as appear^ 
from the following writ which he thought 
proper to iifue on that occafion. 

§luia plures exceffivds dmamnes terfarum^ 
tettintentorum iS hbertatum^ in. terra Htber-* 
nia^ ad minus vcracem & fubdvlam fugge/- 

tionem 



40 Constitution op 

tionempetentium^ tarn Edward IL quamper 
regent nunc faSl^e funt^ rex deluforias bujuf- 
modi mKbinationes volens elidere^ de concilU 
peritorum Jibi affiftentiumy omnes donationes 
terrarum^ tenementorum &? liber tatum pni^ 
di^arum duxit revocandus^ quoujque de me-' 
ritis perfonarum^ de caufis & condinonibu^ 
donationutn, pradi£larum fuerit informatus^ 
£l? ideo^ mandatum eft jufticiariis regni Hi* 
hernia^ quod omnia terras tenementa & libcr^ 
tales pr4sedi£la per di^os regis jufticiarios aut 
locum tenentes fuos quibufcunaue per/onii 
fa6la Scire facias. This hafty uep alienated 
the £ngli(h irilh from the king and his ad- 
vifers, and though after a conteft of eleven 
years, the king annulled this prefumption^ 
the jealoufy continued on both fides, and 
the lri(h of Englilh blood, where judged to 
be too ready to follow a pretender to the 
crown of England ; for it appears that Rich- 
ard, duke of York, was in the reign of 
Henry VL conftitutcd governor of Irel ind 
for ten years, with power to farm the king's 
lands, to place and difplace officers and levy 
ibldiers at his pleafure. The ufe the duke 
made of his commilfion was to flrengthen 
his partyf and make Ireland an afylum for 
fuch of them as (hould be oppreffed in Eng* 
land, and for this end pafied an a£t of par- 
liament, recitmg a prefcription, that any 
pc rfon for any caufe coming into the faid 
land (hould receive fuccour, fupport, and 
free liberty during their abiding there,, with- 
out 



I R 5; L AND. 41 

tmt ;apy grievance, hurt qr] moleftation of 

fitly perfon, notwithftanding ,any writ, privy 

fcaj, great feal, .letters ipiflive under fignct, 

or other commandment of king Henry VI. 

confirming the faid prefcription, and making 

it high treafon in. ^ny perfon who (hoiild 

bring in fu?h writs, &^^ to attach or difturb 

any fiich perfon. X^e juke's pppuk^rity^vas 

greatly, encreafcd by this fi*<St, and his hav jng 

a great eftate in tihis kingdona, the Engii(h 

Irifli were firmly attached to his family, 

infomuch that they crowned the impoftor 

Lambert Simnel, in the reign of Henry VII. 

and were afterwards ready to join Perjcin 

W^rbeck i and by this adt of the duke of 

York's they thought to exculpate themfelves; 

Henry VIL. taking advantage of their fitua- 

tion, and overcoming gre^t oppofition, re- 

folved to have that a£t repealed, and to de* 

prive [ his chief governor pf Jreland .from 

pailing lavys there r^e incon/uho^ but alfb 

to make (uclia change, in the legiflature* at 

would throw the principal weight intq his 

and his fucceflbrs hands ; and this was by 

the famous law of Poynings. By former 

laws the parliament was to be l^olden oncQ 

a year, and the, lords and commons as ii) 

England were tl;ie propofers of any law 

judged neceffary. , The principal purpofe of 

Poynings law, at firft vieyr, feeming to be 

intended to reftrain the calling of parifament» 

except <pf)- fudi occafions as the lord lieutp-r 

nan( an4: coji(X9i[ ihpul4 S^^ i^^fi S^ 

u a caufca 



4St CoMSTlfTUTKyN OF 

caufes for, that fliould be zpproircd by tfe , 
king. The word^ are th^fe, tbfft "From 
^* the next p^t^liattitnt that (half be hofdcii 
*• by the king's comfmniiment and Kcencci 
** no parliament be hoWen hereafter in the 
•* faid bnd, but at fiach feafon as the kingi 
** licuteftant and council there firft do cc^ 
•* tify the klng^. under the great feal of 
** tbdt land, the caufes and confideratiera 
•* of aJl fuch afts as to them^ fecnietli 
" fliould pafe in the fame parliament v ami 
^ fuch caufesi confiderations, and vL&ft 
*• affirmed by the king and his council t6 
•• be good and expeAeqt for that lan^ 
^* and his licence thereupon, as weH in 
^ affirmation of the faid caufes and a As, tt 
*' to fummoa the faid parliament under to 
** great feal of England had^nd obtaincdv 
** that done, a paflfameitt to be had and 
*• holden after the form and efFe(5t before 
•* rehearfed, and any parliament to be h(A^ 
^ en contrary, to be deemed yoid.'** 

The law of Poynfngs in its firft efFcfli 
were, that k repealed the hw for annual 
parliaments, and made the lord Keutenaflt 
and council, or the king who had the naming 
tf them, with Ws codntif of Enghmd, the 
propofcr to the two houfes o^ lord» and 
commons of Ireland of the laws to pafe io 
Ireland, at leaft of thofe that fliould befo 
devifed before the meeting of parlianicDti 
fo that no beads of a biH flKniild pa(s into i 
kw before it waa certified toOreat Brkars 

But 



m 



IRELAND. 49 

Bat there was a doubt, as n<^ eirprefi wordi 
were contained therein depriving: the lords 
and conrimons of their former rights by this 
ift, whether when the parliament was met, 
Aey had not ftill the old right of beginning 
Ithcr bills, or whether they were not re- 
trained to the afts fo certified and retuitied j 
the latter opinbn fopported by the miniftem 
tf the king and his lawyers, liowever gained 
ground. For, in the 28th of Henry Vllt 
»n adt was made fufpending Poyning's law, 
l»iih refpedt to alt ads already pafled, or to 
be paffed in that parliament ; the paffing of 
which a^ was undoubtedly a confirma^on 
rf what was before not ckarly afcertained 
•ffainft the houfe of Jords or ccwnmons in 
Ireland, whether they could and bad a right 
rf bringing in bills different from tbofe 
franfmicted by the council, fmcc here they 
both confcnted to the fufpcnfiofi of the ad, 
to make valid the laws without that previous 
toernooy^ which they bad paffed or fliould 
P*& in that pariiament. 
' Poyning's law being at that time in many 
Jefpe<a8 doubtful, yet it was judged necef* 
»ry in tlie reign of Philip and Mary, to be 
Maintained and ftrengthened as it added 
fwwer to the crown, by an aA made in 
weir reign. The ad we at prefent live on- 
^ft was made to prevent all doubts in the 
former afts, which was framed in words cal* 
Plaited to rcnflKDVe fuch doubts as had arifisn 
^ appeared to be extended in favour of 

the 



44 Constitution op 

the prerogative. This aft provides that 
many catifes and confiderations for afts not 
forefeen before, might happen during the 
fir ting of parliament, if they (hould be 
agreed to by the lords and commons, the 
lord lieutenant and council may certify then* 
and they (hould pafs. This aft alfo was ex- 
ipfe^iatory of part of a former, in the reign 
of Henry VIl. that is, that the king and 
council of England (hould have power to 
^Uer the afts tranfmittrd to them from the j 
council o^ Ireland ; and the enafting part,' 
that no afts but fuch as fo come over from 
England under the great feal of that kingr 
dom, (hould be enafted. It appears by un- 
controvertible evidence that the commons 
of Ireland have a right to pals fudi 
heads of bills as they judge moft expe- 
dient for the public welfare, which heads of 
bills are tragfmitted over to England by the 
lord lieutenant, to the king and privy coun- 
cil of England, who if they approve of 
their paifing into a l^w are returned under 
the great feal to Ireland with a oommillioQ 
to the lord lieutenant of Ireland to give the 
royal aflfent to them ; provided they have 
been previoufly affented to by the houfeof 
lords and commons of Ireland, fai cafei 
where heads of bjlls have paffed the houleof 
commons of Ire)and,been tranfiiftttedovef to 
England to the king and privy council, and 
returned asbeforemenfkmcd, and upon fucb 

bea(b 



H'l ■ ■ ..ivviiiq 



IRELAND. 45 

heads of a bill being read in the houfc of 
commons, it has appeared alterations have 
been made in them in England, there have 
beenr inftances of fuch heads of a bill being 
thrown out of the houfe of commons in Ire- 
fend, and las not been by them fuflfered to 
pafs into a law in Ireland. When heads of 
t bill have pafled both houfes of parliament, 
ind been afterwards altered by the king and 
Ae privy council in England, 4ind fucb al- 
teration appearing on the face of che biH,5 it 
may be refufcd or accepted in toto by the 
legiflature of Ireland. By the late aft of a 
Free Trade in 1779, it is enacted the par- 
liament of Ireland are to lay on thedutiea 
'On goods imported, equal to the duties 
payable in Great Britain. The Irifh houfe 
of lords and commons have the right of 
tnading laws under the name of beads of 
iiUs^ to be tranlmitted by the privy coun-1 
cil of Ireland : It appears from the oath 
«f office, that the duty of a privy counfcl- 
lor, confifts of feven articles, i. Toad- 
vifethe king according to the beft of his 
^cunning and difci-etion. 2. To advife for 
the king's honour and good of the public^ 
without partiality thro* alFedtion, love, 
doubt or dread. 3. To. keep the king's 
council fecret.' 4. .Tx) avdid corruption;* 
5, Tc^ help and flrcngthcn the executi- 
on of what (hall bfe there refolved. 6. 
To withftand all perfons who would attempt 
^ contrary* 7. To obferve, keep, and 

do 



4$ CofTSTlfUTIOK Of 

4o «11 titat a good and trueconniellar ought 
to do to hfs fevertign lord. The oormctl 
«re in nlany inftahces the firft beginnen 
^ heads of bilk. The legiflaturc of fae-i 
land is briefly this : i . The privy council of 
Ireland, who, though they may. take tfaa 
bint from the lords or commons, frame the 
beads of a bill 2. The king and council 
^f England, who have a power of alteration^ 
and make it a bill ufiaherable, by fending I 
It to Ireland under the great feal of Eng- 
land ; but this power of the king and conn- | 
<ail of England with refpect to altering, hat 
been in fbme cafes, not admitted of by the 
Irifli paf liamentv particularly in the caie of 
•die money bili in the feilions of 1769, and 
alfo in the cafe of the Tonrine BiB^ 
which was tran&iitted by the council of 
Ireland, in the fcflions of 1773, returned 
from England under the gnsat feal, but oa 
being compared by the boufe of commons, 
and it appearing feveral alterations weie 
made therein by the privy council of Eog* 
land, the Lrilfa houfe rejected it, and it was 
accordingly thrown out; but a new bittibr 
the Tontine a6t was tranfinitted to England 
in January 1774, which received the royal 
a0cnt and was returBed to Ireland underifae 
great ftal, in which very few,. if ^my abitm^ 
tioQ&being rhade, tfaeeaSilof Hartfourt, tord 
lieutenant,! by commUfion ftom: the king,) 
gave the royai a&at to it, on tfab aSili of 

that 



I R E L A N D.' 47 

lat TTJonth, it having prcvioufly paflfed the 
i(h legiflature after its ceturnfrona Engr 
md» 3. The houfe of lords ai>d commons 
f^ bdand always agree; in the whole bill, ox 
|je<3t the iwbole after Us rtft^arn from Eng* 
iod. Bat by the conilitution all bills muft 
e tranfmitted to Eogland and prefented to 
be king for his aflrot^ before they can pafa 
jjio a Jaw in IreiancL 

t, ;: .. .• L^ 'A W 'S. 
.In Dublla are held fosr terms annually 
or the difpatch of controverfies between 
jahy and party. The four courts of juftice 
ffV the Chancery, Kingjs Bench, Commoa 
rjeas, and Eixhequer : thefe are fituated ta 
Ijrift Chuicb-lane. In the court of Chan- 
try:^ the lord high chancellor (at prefent 
ord Ufford) prefidcis fingty, and fix clerks 
Q Chancery a& as counfelbrs. In the 
Kng's Bench and Common Pleas, arc a chief 
pftice and two judges in each, and in tha 
wdlieS^er, the treafurer, the chancellor, 
;hi£f baron and two barons, and in all are 
fevecal fubordjnatc ^officers. There is affo 
fid thece a court of Exchequer chamber^ 
[^ the purpoie of corredUng errors at law 
^ oihef courts, in which prefides the lord 
4anccllor> lord treafurer, or. the vice trea- 
wers, the diipf Wfoi)^ with a chief jufticesy . 
^es^realfo jud^pf affizeand gaol deli^ 
^» ^ho go their refpeiftive circuits twice 
^ year iatf^ tfapdiffereat counxies^,t;be couo- 



48 L A W S OF 

ty of Dublin excepted, where trials are hdd 
at Kilrnainham. As alfo a court of' Admi- 
ralty which has juriftlT<ftion in itfaritime af- 
fairs. A Cbniiftory Court iis held in every 
diocefe, from whence appeals He to the fu- 
prtme court of Prerogative, and from thence 
to a court of fpecial delegates appointed by 
the king. Courts of Confcitoce afr^ alfo in 
Dublin, and many partk^tif Ireland for the 
recovery of debts under forty ^hillings. 

,Theantient judges in Ireland were.callcd 
Brehobs, and are fuppofed to have had writ- 
ten Jaws to guide them in their decifions: 
they had the eleventh part of all the fines i 
in criminal cafes, for the greateft ci^iDes 
were.only punifliable in thatmatinef.: ,The; 
Irifli' laws and cuftdms were materially alter- 
ed by king Henry 11. arid king John, and 
the whole were r^oced iand modelled ac- 
cording to the EngH(h conftitution by Q^^ 
Elizabeth, and king James I. Irifti ftatutses: 
indaiftfeof parlianient, are now the rules of 
alt the courts in ^ this kiri^dom,* ah4 t^iere 
have been feveral* applicarions^m^de'Wthc 
Iriih parlianient, partfciilarly in 17^)1, i'773t 
1776, and 1780, for leave to brifng- in heads 
of a bill to make the judges ifitirfely inde- 
pendent. of the crown in Ireland, tfiis feme 
tfS' in England : • iind it W in9t doubted but 
our patriotic j^arliament Will giVe^every fttp- 
port \6 a meafure calculated' fot tfhc liberty 
of the fubj'd. A motrojf WSS Vfiade &r 
this purpofe^in 1771, by the Tight 'hon. J 

H. Hutch- 



IRELAND. 49 

Hdy Hdtchinfern, in 1773 and 1776 bySk 
Lucius O' B^Tiiea, and in 1 780 by Mr. O'Hara. 
It is with peculiar fatirfadtion I can javer 
from unqueilionabie authority, that ^ha 
rights of individuals are as attentivdy con* 
fidered in Ireland as m Engla*nd. The 
lord lieutenant by vwtuc of the king's &»-» 
thority has a right to pardon» but ooiflier 
he nor any judge or ^lacjgesfo whom bisau* 
thority is dele;^tQd can condemn a mzn 0s 
a •criminal, cucept he he firft found guilty 
of the crime alleged againfl: him by a ^ufy 
of twelve men, who muH be fworn to do 
/ufliceiaccofding 10 the evidence which ap** 
pears on the tri^l, #hich men muft 'be his 
peers or t^quals, and the priibner bath a right 
to ubjedt to as many of the jury, ^s ht 
tnay fuppofe to be influenced againfthim^ 
and thofe objected againft are replaced by 
od)efs to f make up the mimber.. Thi 
prefent 'ki^ hatfa fixed tbe falariea of the 
judges for life* and not tdaring pkafurfe Ifi 
formerly, that they may ndt -be inHuencetl 
by any^ and it is very pmbaWe a kwmjqr 
pa& to render them mtirely independent <rf 
the cxofm. NeUher 'caji any man be 4eH 
jpffived of his liberty for more than 24 houfls 
-wiiliout ipsoof of his alleged torime being 
given upon oath before a magiftrate, and 
then he has a right te be brought to his trial 
tbe next feffions, or be reftored to libetty 
on giving bail for his appearance, if a 
capital^aflfenoeiscomminted^ ithe ;ev$|(Sli6ds 
Vol. I. D of 



50 L A W S O F 

of hisgtittt mud be laid before the grand 
jury, when if the bill is found, he moft 
ftand his triil ^before other twelve men, 
whofe opinion is <k(initive. If a man is 
accufed of a crime and he confefles it^ yet 
on the trial, fuch confelTioa is not admitted 
to*be taken any notice of. 

Juries have always been cmiidered as the 
judges from whofe fentence the prifbner is 
to cKpeA life or death, for upon their ud« 
derftanding and integrity he is to rely, and 
from their verdi£t there lies no appeal ; tl^y 
«re consequently to be all of one^nind, and 
after they have fully heard the evidenos 
they «re confined, without meat, drink, or 
candle, till they are unanimous in acquttdi^ 
«r condemningthe prifoner ; every jurymtn 
Ibeing invefted with fuch a folemn and awfiil 
inift he .cannot too iininutely confider the 
evidence, for^^l^e k not to yield in compli- 
ance to any other juryman, or to thcjudg^ 
4f he baa^the lead doubt on his mind to the 
verdidt. Thefe are 4he glorious privileges 
which by our happy conftitution we enjoy, 
a conftitution which breathes nothing but 
liberty and equity, for to the meaneft and 
pooreft perfon as well as to the greateft, all 
poflible indulgence i^idlowed^ and therefore 
we may fay with Shakfpeare, 
Be juJI and fear noL 
In other 4>art8 of Europe, racks and tortures 
are made mfe of, to m^ a man criminate 
himielf, bat here they are unknown, and 

be 



I R ELAND. 51 

he only who refufes to plead in his own de- 
fence, is puniflied without conviction, which 
indeed very feldom happens. And if he 
fhould be incapable of vmdicating his own 
caufe, council are allowed by the crown to 
plead for him. The courts of jnftice, their 
terms, and manner of proceeding, the aflizes, 
juftices of the peace, &c. arc much the 
fame here (as has been obferved) as they are 
in England, This kingdom is divided 
into four provinces, namely, Leinfter, Con- 
naught, Munfter and Ulfter ; and thefe 
again into five circuits, containing thirty- 
two counties, of which Tipperary is a pa- 
latinate, but that of Dublin is not compre- 
hended in any of the circuits. Thro* this 
kingdom the judges go the circuits for the 
adminiitration of juftice ; the circuit roads 
are, viz. 

C I R C U I T R O A D S. 

B Mark for jijfize Towns. 
MuNSTER Circuit. 

I Waterford, miles from Dublin 

Carrick "- 12 

ijClonmel ,8 

D Cork 41. 

Moyallow 13 

Kanturk g 

Kewmarket 3 

Black waterbridge 7 

Caftleifland 7 

Da* iTrafec 



11 
83 
91 

145 

154 

157 
164 

171 



5{s CiRccrr JlOADS «F 

JlTralee - - 9 'a** 

Caftleifldnd - - 7 »*y 

Abbeyfe?! . -. - 7 «9* 

Newcaftte - - 7 aoi 

Ra«bk«a1e - - J ^ 

Adair - , - - -6 ait 

J Limerick - - - 7 *'| 

XhiWin - - 87 306 

LuiUTsa Circuit; 

BWicHow - - aj 

AAlow - * 12 35 

Gorey - - - 7 4a 

Cftftlcbridge - - »6 5« 

l^aifiMd - - -a 60 

Roft • • »5 75 

jKiHoenny . - - 15 9© 

L^hlinbri^ge - - la i<» 

BCailow - - 6 ic« 

|lAthy(tf) - - 9 07 

jMaryborou^ - - 10 1 a; 

Portnahinch - - "» ^35 

jPhiUpftown - 10 145 

Dublin - - , 38 r«3 

(a) Athy generally in Summer, and Naai 

ifi4he Igpring. 

Ulster, itfoivA £<ijl. 

jDundalk - - 11 AP 

U. Downpatrick - - 32 7* 

Saintfield - - 8 8© 

flCairickftrgus - - »a 9* 

Belfaft 



IRELAND. 3^ 

Bisffa{|> -- - » loo 

liJbum •- - f ^<>y 

Lurgan - - , f-' ii^ 

Fortadown • - ^ - 5 i^^t-* 

RkhiU - - ' 5 tie 

B Armagh - - • ,4 13a 

Tynan - *- 5 ,'3^. 

Glaaough . - • '' 4,-ij;7' 

B'Monaghan • - C* . 1^4:2 

Caftlelhanc • - i ^<^> 

Gaftleblaney - - '5^ tS:4' 

Peterborough - 6 i,66 

Mill rf Loath - - ,5. j6s' 

AftJeei - * 5* 170 

N*vai> - - iz 182 

iTiim - - 6. r88 

Bick to DubKa - ZP^ zdS 

Ulstb-r, Norib Weft. 

Kilcocjfc 

Kinnegad 
tMuHiogar 

Brinebck 

Sc^worthftowir 
l^Longford - - - 

Gianaird - • - 
|Cavai» 

Newto^nbutler 

Maguires' biidge - - 

IBoniikillen 

Tiilliek 
lOina^ 

D 2 





r^ 


f 


»9 


K> 


29 


8 


37 


S 


4* 


S 


47 


3 


54 


*i 


65' 


13 


78 


ir 


89 


ff 


9T 


8 


105 


10 


1^5 


M> 


J«5 


Ncw- 



54 Circuit Roads of 

Newtownftcward • 6 iji 

5trabanc - ^ ^ H^ 

VLifibrd - - . I 137 

iLx^dohderry . ^ . lo 



ElphiiT 



>47 



Back to Dublin . 114 261 

CONNAVOHT QrcUIT. 

IRofcommon ^ . ^3 



8 71 
4 75 



jCarriiik - - 5 80 

Boyle - • 7 «7 

HSbgo - - - 18 105 

Ballafodare - . 4 109 

Killoony - - .. j^ 

Tobbcrcorry • - 10 



111 
. — 121 

Banada - . • «. 3 124 



Kilma£league * * 3 I27 

Foxford - - 7 154. 

flCaftlebar • - 9 

Belcarira • .. - . ^ 

Newbrook - • . ^ 

tHolyraount • - ^ 



Hi 

147 

^ 155 

Kilmaine • ^ icg 

Shrule - * ■ 3 161 

Cahirinorris <- * 6 167 

» Gal way .- • 8 175 

Goft • • . ,2 187 

Ciufheen • - ^ '93 

BEnni»< - - ^ ^99 

Gort , - • 12 211 

Loughrea - - 8 or 9 1 20 

Kilcouncl - • - 6 226 

Ahaf. 



IRELAND. 55 

iUiafcragh - - 5 *3^ 

Mount-talbot - - 6 237 

Rofcommon - - 5 243 

Back to Dublin - 63 305 

R B. CafUrbar generall] ia Summer^ 
and Ballinrobe ia Spring, 

^ G£Niu8 OP TMS Inhabitants. 

The defcendants of the antient Iri(h dp^ 
pear to have been of difierent origin. The 
inhabitants of the eaft and north coaftsj 
who probably came onginally from Britain,, 
and into Britain from Gaul, are of a fquat 
ietftature, whereas thofe on the wcftem 
coaft fuppofed to be defccnded from a colo- 
ny from Spain, as being the oppofite conti-^ 
Bent to them;.thcfe greatly refemble the 
Spaniards in their peribns being tall and 
flender, finely limbed, with fedate and grave 
countenances. But though thefe diftinc-. 
ttonsare now in>a ^teat meaGire worn out 
by intermarriages with one another, and the 
Engltfli, fince the time of Henry II. yet are 
Ibey ftill very difcomiblc. To fpcak in ge^ 
neralthey are ^ aAive people, of great foft^ 
nefs and pliancy in their limbic (occafioned 
probably by the greit moifture and tcmpe- 
wment of the air) they manifeftly apj^ar 
to an impartial obferver, to be exceeding 
courteous to >ftrangers, loyal to their foye- 
^^ign, patient of hardlhips, and fo chartta-r 
hie, that they never omit any oppormnity^ 
of reltevmg the diftrefled, of which • their 
D 4 many 



■MWI i«IU 



56 Genfus, &c. op 

many charitable foundations, (an account' of 
which is given in the courfe of this wort,) 
which are fuch convincing proofs of if, 
that the^prefentj^ as well as future ages' will 
always cdnfitietthem in the inoft refpe^blc 
light they fo juftly defence; The Iriflt arc 
good judges of, and great admirers of mufic^ 
in moil' of the principaf •dties'and towiis are 
aflfemblies and concei^ts,^ • dnd tftef; fittirp is 
greatly aid^red by • the country peoptei 
'I'he fumames of many oJF the antient fa- 
milies, particularly of the better (fort, have 
freqiitntly an O or Mac, which fignrfies 
fbn, placed .before- them. — The nofeiiity and 
gentry are sfs po^i1^?,. v«refl-brerf, jw^d* hur 
mane, as tfiofe of the mof? jx^fifhed nations; 
the merchants^ and traders are exx:eeding 
fuft and honeft. m their dealings i and» tfe 
bult of the people not inferibr to thcpopw* 
lace elftwhere ; doubtlefe exceptifws may b« 
j^ofnjted out to thefe general obfervaiions j 
and what country is tree from firch excep- 
tions. There are many oflSeei*-' €# cftife na- 
tioa in the armies of thediflfercnt powers of 
Europe, a way of. life icy which they arc in- 
clined by then: martial difpoftian ? na na- 
tion can boaft of oflScers of greater ioarage, 
pot to mention their hrg,b eftimatien Wlbrowi, 
and the fervices they rendered' their coun- 
try during thelafl: war, and irt the j|)refen(f 
one with America ; their attachment td-tfeif 
fbvereigti, their love of freedbra, of liberty, 
and then: native aountiy, aiid* tlteir refeni- 
'^ ' ' meat 



I R E L A, WD. 5,7 

mmt of ttiie indigflities^of^redtoEni^fSini 
by- ihe Ff^^Hch and Spaniandfi^ have ir?di^^ 
geiulemen of keltnd^ tc^ aflToeiate aivd^ ^Al 
tbemfelves in vindicatioaof their rights afM| 
privileges. The variousr companies foftmdf 
ftmounr to near 40,000 isteiH who.havf i;^^^ 
ceived the thanksf of the houfe of lord^ai^ 
QommonS) for their ifirLted aadmanily ai(^ 
iertionsi The names of the sel^£):iv^i^i^ 
panies are inferted ki the par,(iQ^Uf c^UQ^ 
and cities in which th6}f re^^^ V 

If the charafte;; of th^- s^ueni^lfiOhinf^ 
taken from many modern, wrjten^ it would; 
kad the reader aftrayf,.wha repcefent^thco^' 
in much the fame light as Strabo^ Poo)pDnii^% 
Mela, Solinua and other ai^icienis i|^f^ do^t 
\viihoyt paying^ aday- regar4 to tji/rjrppjtpvc;^ 
tucnts among tbem*.^ ; : ; . Vv -y m 

It is to.be obferve^) t^^^ tif^xe^p^'dJA 
Ireland lie very heavy am us,,andoQy(^ 
tfad< and manufadAi^es, and they are.iH)^ 
well acquainted yvi^t thetcircumi^2^Mpef o^ 
this cou^itry who think Qtii^lN^ife^j.^hf^ 
fee only the honfe&.^l^d tables of, n^g.po^, 
fefled of beneficiaJ ' ^mpte;^x»e.nt5;Qr (y^|i(^r^ 
wife iiiaffluent ciFc;umft4ncesi, aad^fr^nqj, 
acq^uainted wirh the wretcjief} h^batpt^pn^j^idt 
Way of livii g of the lower clafc-of: peopje ;> 
thq mamilf^tturer^ aj^tiftcerf,; i^d fi^rraqrj 
tpaqften (axperience the «e^ity of tWs a^ejCj-. 
tiom. WcHiJd .the gepd^^n?^!) of l^^^v^ff^ 
pejjty Ojl; Iceland r«fide iw>re m ih^^Jj^^i^iftk 
tjve eftatesi the con>equenC!es^ rW94y f^^,j8ffl[ 
io«iW»|e of property to their tenants, and 
D 5 diffufe 



58 G£NfV0, &c. or 

diffufc happinefs through Ireland. Who- 
ever vifits Ireland will find as great a |xt>- 
portion of genius, underftanding, and ctvi-* 
iity, even in the very lowcft clafs of the 
natives as he could poflibly wifh for; it 
muft be however candidly confefled, that 
many induftrious tenants labour under the 
greateft oppreffions by fome infatiable ag^t 
of their landlords, particularly thofe in the 
remote parts of the kingdom, where the 
real proprietors of the lands they hold never 
^ifit, cqnfcquently cannot be fo good 
judg^iss of the true ftate of their tenants ai 
may be incumbent on them; how far tha$ 
n)ay have occafioned an emigration of near 
3000 families from Ireland within thcfe iFew 
years, I (hall not take upon me to deter- 
mine. With refpcdt t<> the liofpitality of 
the Inirtii fome writeh, particularly one 
TWisa, have faid'that in order to their be- 
in^ eft cemed polite, th^. enforce drinking 
fomitimes ihore than may he agreeable; 
but^fuch-affertions dcferve not the leaft cre- 
dit fr6m the difcerning public, for however 
fucR14*faIfe tafte, joined to a ridiculous va- 
nity and oftentatioh, may ufurp the facred 
name of ffiendftiip and hofpitality among 
fome, it is certain that among the more fen- 
fible part of the natives of Ireland, with 
whofe fricndfhip I have been honoured, 
fikh notions and practices are juftly cxplo- 
dt^. It is in faft no more than a iuft tri- 
l^e to their merit to affirm, that there is a 

native 



IRELAND. 59 
native (pri^tlinefs and (bdabitity, a frank- 
oeft^aod generofity in their general manner, 
that is confpicuous and engaging, and can* 
not fail of recommendii^ them to ftrangers. 
The inhabitants are very far from being 
in the lead defervtitg the epithet of want of 
genius, which Twifs and fomc other igno- 
rant authors have mentionedi who never had 
an opportunity of knowing their real characr 
ter, but being blinded by prejudice, mifre* 
preiented them.: The contrary is too well' 
known to need'my repeating,^ that Ireland 
has produced men of as great leamingv. and 
of as elevated a genius as any nation in 
Europe can boaft of; in particular, the 
names of the undermentioned lri(h authors 
defcrve to be recited, viz. Swifts Sterne^ 
Sted, Sloaae, Berkley biihop of Ctoyne^^ 
Dr. Goldfmith, Parnel, and the earl of Cork^ 
and Orrery. Among the mnft eminent dra-* 
raatic writers are Farquhar, Southerne, Hen- 
ry Jones; , Mrs Sheridan, Henry Btooke^ 
I&ac BrckerftafFe, Kane O'Hara, Jephfon^ 
Hugh Kelly, Sheridan, fen. and junior, Mr^ 
Griffith, and Rev. Matthew Wcft^, Hift0?f 
riaiis^: rev. Dr. Thomas* Lcland,.. Svlveftetf 
O'Halloran, Dr. Qiarles* Smith, Dr: Rul-r 
ty, Charles O'Connor, Thomas Wilkes, Sic 
William Petty, J, H. Wynne, Dr. Warner^ , 
and Str James Caldwell. Mifcellaneous au-r 
thors^. Gorges Edmond Howard, Samuel . 
Wh>te, Mr. Dunkin, Walter Harris, John 
GuTiningham, George Canning, Mr. An-p 

thony 



to GbkiAs, fee: OP . 

tho^ King,' Sr Edward Bur% Richfmk 
Griffiih, John LeiEe, ^dr& Pilkin^a, Mn, 
Birber,and lady Dorothy Diibotcfl^ counfet- 
lorDobbs, andSharidMy wich raany'odieis 
who are well knoMrn to. the iitci^ary vrorkl. 

The amitfuities of Britain arid Ireland 
have been much thefiibjedlof iaveftigatiois 
ioce the revival of letters in Europa The 
fiibjipdl is important ; and in the caourfe of 
enquiry^ matiy^ ufefiul fa'fts relative to the 
noanniers and civilieation of the antient in* 
Habitants have.been difcovered : Mi#ijr, how- 
ler remain ftill in the (hades of doubtfil 
evidence, or unitiiy^edtrng ccedulity; and- 
feme tflfbrts to bring them to light, either 
by documents infuificiemly ^authenticated, 
traditionary taleS: in)|x»red for true hjftory, 
or vifionary fyftcms raifcd on ft rained ety*^ 
Biologies, have been vain.: But the ktio.w* 
ledge we want, (as far as it is attainable^ 
vill be related in the courfe of the enfuing 
pagea drawn from purer fources: from a. 
Bearer acquaintance with the languages, and 
writings of the antient inhabitants^df this 
kingdom. In order to gain ^% much, know^ 
tedge as poffible relative ikd theaniic?D(r hiflro*^ 
ly of Ireland, the Dublin Scjcrety, fo 
Ibng celebrated in £6irope, did lately ap>-> 
point a feled committee of their own bodgr 
tn^ open a correfpondence at home and 
abroad, for the pwrpofe of cdie^ng cverjr 
a^then^ic account of the amtient (latei of 
kehtad, which it is hoped thsi, jrefpeiEtahlb 

fociety 



IRELAND. €t 

ibciely wilt in ttme favour the world with. 
To proceed, 

Ireland is computed to be dbove a fettrtb 
^ part peopled, and it is reaibnable to^ fuppofe 
that it might maintain etghc times its pr^fefiti 
Bumber, for it is evident the. linen mamw 
fatftiire employs great numbers, particuLirly 
in the province of Ulften but how many 
more might it not find employment for, if 
that branch oF trade was fpread through the: 
Other three provinces, for though it willap* 
pear in the courfe of this work what ftaie. 
the linen iisanufa£ture is in, in all the diSer* 
ent counties, yet that branch; of trade it is. 
hoped may be more patfoni:^d in the pro- 
vinces of Munfter, Leti^er^and GoAnaught 

if Bftiejfies regularly eftablifhed,. or otjier 
protiiaWe branches of trade were fet up in 
this kingdom, it would employ a very con*» 
fiderable number of hands, befides the ad* 
vantage which wcfuld derive from their hav- 
ing, narferiefi of feamcinf wha would be at all . 
time|)«ad/ir tor defend this country in t-he^ 
A^fent on wit future war. W^ffe the |bil of 
ireladd Wf^ frtiitful, 9D the climate, more in- 
tcm^Kntr,. a pro^^ of riohfts raiglw draw 
fti«nffi»$,heie, and a nprnlii^ude of peoplei, 
as Solomon fays^ is the glory^ of a prince; 
for it is neither the unheahhfulnefs or burn- 
ing lae^t of the ItidijE^ tijt cold, of RuiTia, 
Qcur il^ inj^uifitiQn of S^Kiin,^ that hinder 
nicn from fettling in thofe countries ; En- 
6H&» UiitciH and Fsauck naerchaACs and 

fadtors 



€2 . Genius, &c; of 

faftors refort to many parts of the Turki(h 
dominions to advance their fortunes, and 
even to fettle among the plunderers of Ara* 
bia and the pirates of Algiers; but in Ire- 
land a ftranger has- neither the feverityof 
government, nor the intemperance of cli- 
mate to ftruggle with, and the foil is fuffi* 
Ciently fertile to reward the mo(}: fanguine- 
cxpedations of the hufl>anJman, therefore* 
this kingdom wants only to be more known' 
to render it highly deferving the notice of 
ft rangers, and encourage them ta fettle in 
it, more efpecially as* every encouragement- 
is given by that patriotic body the Dublin 
Society and by the public in general to thofe^ 
who could improve our arts or fciences, or 
begin or fet up any new invention or art 
ufcd m other countries , for the procuring* 
of wealth and the empkiyincnt of indivi- 
duals. 

It has been obferved by almofl: every 
writer that this naiion is free from any vc» 
nomous infedts. It has been remarked by 
our antiquarians that Crete, the refidenceof' 
fome of the antient Irifli in Greece^ hks been 
fuppofed like Ireland to be free frond venom- 
ous tnfeds, to which tradition^ Junius^ the 
Dutchman, applies thefe lints : 

Ilia e^o fum Graiis^ olim glaemlis Itrm^ 
Dieia^ &? Jtjfmia puppisj bene €ffgnkA 

nautis : ' 

Cui Deus^ ^ melfor rerum nq/lenti$m OKtgo^ 

Jus 



I R E L A N D. 63 

Jus commune dedit cum Cretin jlttricc to* 

nantisj 
Noxia ne nofiris diffundant fihila in oris. 

By an accourt taken in 1686 it appears 
that the numbers of inhabitants in the fol- 
lowing places were. 







In 1780. 


At I^ndon 


696,000 


705,000 


Paris 


488,000 


4961O00 


Amfterdam 


i«7,ooo 


1 93.000 


Venice 


134.000 


137^000 


Romfe 


las^oo 


127.000 


Dublin 


69,000 


72,000 


Rouen 


66,000 


b«,ooo 


Briftol 


48,000 


5»,ooo 



ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY, 
Thc^xclcfiaftical hiftory of Ireland hav- 
ing been C) copioufly treated by many per- 
fons of the moft diftinguilhed abilities in 
their feveral ages ; I (hall briefly mention 
fuch particulars only as may not be wholly 
uniniercfting. A. D. 1152^ in the reign 
of Morrough Mac Neil Mac Loughlin, a 
council was held at Meath, in which pre* 
fided cardinal John Paparo and Chriftian 
O'Connor, bifhop of Lifnoore, as the Pope's 
legates. In this council, four archbifhoprics 
Were then eftablifhed, v\2. Armagh, Dub- 
lin, Ca(hel and Tuam, there being only two 
before, viz. Armagh and Caftiel ; for ihefc ^ 
four archbilhops the Pope fent fctur palls, 

the 



r 



64L EcCVJ^Ii^STrCAU I^T<nti| OF 

the: Irifli^ previotts to tfaia tioi^ havhag oefer 

made ufe of any palls, altho* Arnaagl^and 

Caihcl* were always called*^ aFcht^fhoprrcs. 

The pall is a white piece of woollen cloth, 

of the breadth of ar lx)riler, made Fouad 

dnd tlirown ov^r the. fliQulders;, upon this 

are two others of the fame fort,, one. falling 

down on the bread and the other on the 

hack, wkh a rodr crofs^ on etch of thetn, 

f(pveral cirofles of the fame colour being on 

the upp^r part of it about the ihoulders. 

Thi$ pall IS laid upon St. Petei'§ tonrib by 

the Pope, and then fent away to^the refpr-c- 

tive metropolitans; without which they 

cannot call a council^ bli fs the chrifm, con- 

fecraie churches^ Sfc, ' At the .delivery of 

it, they fwear fealty to the Pope. The 

anticnt pall, from' the L^mfaWmt'n was an 

entire magnifiaent habit, accofdh^j, toex- 

prtfs the dignify of their fundti^m and to 

excite refpe^t : The pall is ftill ufe«J by the 

Roman Catholics jn Ireland, 

The anrieni Druids-pf lflelai»<i' lite ihofeof 
Gaul, cotiliituied acaderaies .to promote 
learning, and tiie acadcHniqians were abhgjcd 
to de\'otc tweiity yea^rs to ftudy' before they 
were adnrritted to» the d<^gree:of do<ftor, ; . the 
many privileges- of ftudfencs. pnd thergieat 
authority, their amienj; dcxQiorS' obtained were 
great me^ns of inducing tht:n3«tojapplicaupi\^ 
to iht \) ft'itdres.. Carfar <libi 61 %& t)iat tha 
Drttids oA Gmih were exempted from wa«, 
andpai) ing tithutcjL and lilatdwib Orivile^ea^ 

defcended 



IRELAND. 65 

tended Cb die chriftian* dergy and to the 
b*rd$v as appears from the fragments- of 
Rehon hwn now extant. Tbat the DNruids 
Were fkilled inr aftronofny, natural phffbfo^ 
phy, and geography we are infornned by 
Caefir, and vre learn from M: fa, that they 
lau^ht that the foul was eternal. Our Irifh 
Drutds enjoyed the p«re wopflirp of Bia! or 
flie fan, ais the type of one fupreme Being 5 
fa* the Affyrmns^ Chaldeans, s^nd Phoenix 
daiis, applied this jfbered nanie t<yrhefiin^ 
after whicb the Lord conrynrNmded the Wrael- 
ken K) call hinS' na more by that name, as in 
Ae ifth verfeorf the gjd chapter of Hb(fea, 
* And k ftiall be inj that day tftat thou (fe'.It 
isA\ rne Iflii,^ andl fti^lt iw more call rrm 
Baal.'*^ Amt it appears that m the ear-Heft 
Account of time't there were many Hea- 
then philbfophers in great eftimation iif 
Irefend; for Tacitus feys> that about tho^ 
Jear of Chrift 7ft, their reKgion being iw 
great vogue in this kingdom- amongfll the 
p€«ple, and their principal teachers^ were, 
among thefe three orders, viz. drwds, fana-* 
chies and bards, it is faid, by the amienfr 
y\(h hiftoriam that St. Patrick burtit three 
hundred of their books. Mr, Roderick 
9*Plaherty m his Ogygia, page 5S, nielli- 
lions tbiBit the druids made one of t4ie three* 
ordfepsof the kingdony, aftd werefignaRze* 
^Hh a ma^pk of bcwiowr on their garments, 
next that of kings and princes. Nfetthew 
KeiHiedy anothet celebrated Kiftorian', fays 

in 



66 Ecclesiastical History ot 

in page 19* of his h^ory, that thtf bad J 
been very numerous in that kingdom-, tbM 
name of druid is there to this day ap4 
plied to a cunning fellow or wizzard, whoo» 
in the Iri(h language^is catteddraoi or druid. 
O'Donnel in his traniktion of the Nei»> 
Teftament into Iriih, calls the wife men o^ 
the Rift (Matthew ii.. i^ draoithe,. 1. « 
druids ; by which it appears that the druidH 
before the Chriftian religion, were eftabliflKdr 
in, and^ of great authority in Ireland. W^ 
are told that thifr fedk of Heathen philofo^ 
phers lived in woods,, and cbofe the moft 
retired places, fucfa as groves of oak» and 
fliady tuils^ &c. for their religious worihipf 
and were efleemed as a fociety learned zjA 
re(pe£ted. Antiently, the baids were alfl^ 
numerous in Ireland, the bufthefs of whooir 
was chiefly to recite, at the feftivals afxt- 
aflfemblies of their patrons^ the heroic andt 
memorable adions of famous men^ thereby- 
to tranfmit by their ballacbi p(alters, asd» 
chronicles, their heiioes to pofterity. Tte 
number of the bank were atone time verf^ 
confiderable, and refpeded as an order or. 
inftitution of men neceflary in the itate,: 
and ibe^ enjoyed many privileges; The 
life of idleneis they led being afterwards 
confidered as pernicious to the community^ 
a convention was held at Dromceat, for the 
purpoie of Eemoving them ; and by degrees- 
this was effefted. ^The country becoming 
more enlightened and improved^ and a 

change 



I R EL AND. 67 

Eumge Gff noannefs and cuftoms taking 
Imx, the faardetn ttmeiatirely diia{^^red! 
y an aBtient maimicjript itiqppears that St. 
teclan, one of the precurfors of St. Patrick, 
ho was defcended from the family nf De- 
U near Clonmell, was the firft who preach- 
i the Chriftian religion to the Iriih, and he 
inverted numbers of them in the year 402, 
iirty years before St. Patrick came to Ire- 
ind on the like miffion. In the year 4489 

fynod was held, at which were prefent 
Engus M^Nafrach, king of Munfter, wh^ 
locording to O'Flaherty'a Ogygia^ pag^ 
139) was converted to the Chriftiah mi^ 
>y the miniftry St. Ailbhe, St. Declaii 
lid St. Patrick. At this Synod many 
bnftitutions were made for the further^ 
propagation of the Chriftian faith, upon^ 
i^hich occafion the archbifhoprtc of Mun« 
ter was tranflated to the fee and city of St. 
IVilbhe, and St. Declan was appointed 'to 
snploy his minifterial labours among the 
people of Nan-Defii, near Clonmell : on 
this occafioo St. Patrick is faid to teive fung 
the folbwing Irifh diftich. 
^'libe umal^ PadruigMumbam^ mogaeb rath r 
declan Padruig Nan-Defii^ ag Declan go 

hratb. 

Thus tranflated by Dr. Dunkin. 

Of humble mind, but fraught with ev'iy 
grace, 
^feat Ailbhe, the Patrick of Momonia*s race ; 

Declan 



68 Ecclesiastic Ai-H.isTcwnr.oF 
Declan the mitred honour of dwines. 
The deathlefs Patrick of his Defie (hines. 

About tl)ts ttmer tfie bifliopricof Ardmore 
was eftablifbed ; there is x catjalogueof tbt 
chieftains of the Defii. rn a manufcript ift 
tiie Library of Trinity College, Dublin^ 
iptitkd the defeeotof the De^csi of Mun* 
fter, or the O'Pheolans; aurd it appears bf 
fcVeiat anient writings that fnomtheyttf 
44.S to 1169; tfifft parti of kdand was 
governed by different princesiwhiSr were ftilei 
^Prince of the Defit* (the laO of whom wa* 
Mel^hKni O'Feelain, fee Ware's; finglifli 
Aonftis^ page 4«> Irelamd in tJte days of 
Paf^ifm (as we learn fronx Avtienus ao av^ 
tbdr Off thr fiourth cemctrry^ triio iKMftlctt fhiot 
more amieilt audlard); was called tlir Half 
Iftand; and aftev Cbrifttaitity was eBobaaced 
icD this kingdoiBt,. it was. calkd the Ifkmd of 
SaintSL Na inaage of Jupiter, Nkrs^ Ver 
tni&t 00 saaiy otheri Phgaa^ detry wa& ever 
foond in- hebind, but many rough unfaewir 
piUaiB are: to bs.i&et with in maaj patttKof 
It, 

According to the teftiaioay of fomeof 
the aatienci Iriih biftorians, Ollan^ Fohlab^ 
who was king. of Ireland, A. M. 32.?6> was 
fo great a favourer of learning, that be eredt- 
ed a fair palace at Tarah, caHed Mur-OI- 
lomhan, r. 0^ the walls €>f the barda, a^a 
college for the learned men of the kingdom 
to refide in at his own expence. h appearr 

that 



I R £ L A N iD. <% 

that there were formerly in Ireland feveral 
eminent foh^ls or Airiiverfities, to which the 
^atds and Saxof^es,: as well ts the Iriih and 
Britons reforted, as itt A^rmagh, Clonard^ 
Rofs in Garbely^ antieatly called Roft-Aili- 
thri, Beg^Eri,, Clonfert, Bangor, Ratbend 
in Fercal an4 Lifraorc. tSee iiedc Ecclef. 
Hift. lib/ 5, cap. 7. lib. 4, cap. 26* 
Alcuin vita. S. Willibriordi lib. 2, cap. 4, 
Eric 06 Auxerf e, >de Mitaculis Germanis, 
lib. i. cap. ult. and the life of Sulgenus. 
&e alfo Butler's^ Live^ dK flie Saints, pub- 
li(hed by J. Morris, -and fold by C. Talbot, 
in ParHaniciit-ftreet.) With refpeiflto othtr 
antient feats of learning, as Caftiel and Down^ 
there is a hint of them given hy aflMnufcript 
in Dublin College Library, in ^n cpifHe of 
f lorence/Carty, written to Domt earl of 
Thomond. 

The eitabliflied feKgton is the fame in 
Ireland as in England, both in dcxftxine, dif* 
cipiine* worfhip, cfnd ceremonies. Qhri(li<- 
anity, was firft (Wanted in this .kingdom in 
the fourth century by fome miflionaries from 
Britain, ' as Uflicr fliews4 buc the general 
xonverfion of the nation was referved for 
St. Patrick, from the year 432 to 4^2, when 
from the great number of faints, indrtyrs, 
and confeffors, fome hiftorians have calkd 
this ifland I^ula SanHQfum. The prefent 
government of the proteftant church as by 
law eilabliOied, is under, four archbiihcps^ 
who have under them 18 fuffragan bifliop^ 
wboDe fees are well endowed, viz. 

ARCH- 



70 Ecclesiastical History op 

ARCHBISHOPS. 

Armagh, Dr. Richard Robinfon^ who is 
primate of all Ireland, 

DuWin» Dr. Robert Fowfcr, primate of 
Ireland. 

Cafliel, Dr. Charles Agar, primate d 
Munfter. 

Tuam, Dr. Jemmet Browne, primate rf 
Connaught» and bifhop of Ardagh. 

B f S H O P S. 

Clogher, Dr. John Garnet. 

Cbnfert and Kilmacduag^, Dr. Wakcr 

Cope. 
Cloyne, ■'■ 

Corke and Rofs, Dr. Ifaac Mann. 
Derry, Rt. Hon. and Rev. Earl of BriftoL 
Down and Connor, Dr. James Trail 
Dromore, Dr. James Hawkins. 
Elphin, Dr. Charles Dodgfon, F. R. S. 
Kildare, Dr. Charles Jackfon. 
Kilmore, Dr. Geo. Lewis Jones. 
Killaloc&Kilfcnora, Dr. Charles Chinncry. 
Killalla and Achonry, Dr. Samud Hutchin- 

fon. 
Leiglilin & Ferns, hon.Dr. J. Deane Bourkc. 
Limerick, Ardfertand Aghadoe, Dr. Win. 

Gore. 
Meath, Hoii. Dr. Henry Maxwell. | 

Oflbry, Dr. John Hotham. 
Raphoc, Dr. John Ofwald. 
Waterford& Lifmoic, Dr. Wra.Newcomc. 

LAN' 



IRELAND. 71 

LANGUAGE. 

The language of the Irilh is fundamen- 
tally the fame with the antient Britifh and 
Wcllh, with a dialed of the Celtic, and 
differ principally by provincial alterations 
from them from time to time, by which they 
have been nrw)re or lefs refined or poliflied. 
Yet the Scotch highlandersoppofite the Irifli ' 
coafts and the native Irifli in their conver- 
iiitions are peifedlly intelligible to each 
other. The prefent Irifli language e^^en at 
this time is allowed to be peculiarly fublime, 
^reffive, and beautiful. Some attempts 
have been made lately to induce the learned 
to regain this almoft loft but comprehenfive 
language, for the facilitating of which, an 
efiay on its antiquity, 8rc. and a grammar, 
hy Mayor Valiancy, have been publiflied. 
As a fpecimen of the Irifli language is fub- 
joined the Lord's prayer. 

The Lord's Prayer in the Irifli language. 

Ar Nathair ata ar Neamh : Naomhthar 
hainm. Tigeadh do Rioghachd : Deantar 
do thoil aran talamh, mar do nithear ar 
neamh. Ar naran lao tham hail tabhair 
dhuinn a niu. Agus maith dbuinn dhifiaca, 
mar mhaitmidne dar hfeitheamhnaibh fein. 
Agus ne Ii6ig Siun accathuhadh, achd S&or 
inn 6 olc. Oir is leachd f6in an Rioghachd, 
agus an cumhachd, agus an ghloir go 
£ormighe, Amen. 

Iri(b 



7a L A N G U A G E Q F 



Name. 
Bcitli 

Suil» 
Dirir, • 

Tirme, 

Colt, 

Muim, 

Gort, 

Potb, 

Ailnxi^ 
On, 

U)r, 

Bacfha, 
Jodfea. 



Dr. Stukely in his work of Abury fays, 
that Dr. Pocock, who fome time fince pub- 
iiibed his travels into Egyptj made mention 
that when he was in Ireland he bbferved a 
wonderful conformity between the antiecl 
Iri(h and the antient Egyptians in a great 
many inllances ; refpe£ting their manner^) 
&c. 
Exemph patrum tommotus amore Jegtndi 
Ivit ad Hibernos^ fvpbia mirabili claros. 

Nur- 



Irifli Letter. 


h,\ 


\\ 


Kn, 


V>^ 


s, f , 


«>,*, 


c, c. 


C. c, 


CO, w. 


s*$« 


p. ft 


»,fS 


^.tl. 


0,0, 


u. «, 


«. *» 


1,1, 



■"^ I R E L A N p. 73 

Nurtured from youth in learning's mazy 
ftore, 
le fought, for wifdom fam'd^ Hibemia's 
(hore. 
The MoNAiiCHS of Ireland. 

'ear of the 
world. 

029 Hiiarfonell-Faidhe, who arrived in Ire- 
land with the Nemedian colony. / 

1934 Amergin, brother to Heber and He- 
remon, the prince or king of the 
Milefians. 

1937 Conquovar Mac Nef^Lny King of 
Ulftcr. • 

^94.2 Siorlamh, /. e. the Long Hand^ 
mounted the throne of irelaodw . 

fetrof 

Chrift. 

95 Feredach T^athuach. 
253 Cormac. 
503 Murto^I. 
846 Melfechlin I. Mac-Maelruan.^ -' 
862 H«^h 0*KdlI, • commonly called 

Finliath. ' 
^9 Flan Mac-Nfelfechlin. 
916 Neill' Glundub Mac-Hugh Finliath, 
919 Donat II. Mac Flan. ^^ 

944 Congelach MacMaBllth. \r^^y 
S56 Donald 0:Nfelll/..' ^ '^^^^ '^) 
'980 Melfechlin II. Mic -Donald. "^ ' '^'•: 
1003 Bryen" ^Mac-Keliedy, cottimttnly- 
called Bi-yen Bbiroimhe. ' ' ' 

Vol. I. E 1014 

? Sec Mr. O'Flabcrtfs Ogygia^ p. %i6. 



H 

}ior4 
IW43 

m 

II20 

11^7 

11^ 



1I7I 



Stat?- 09 L^Rj^mo ih 
Melfechjin I|, ggjiijoL kiifr 
Berrtod Itt Mac-Mcln«nWa. 

Mortertach OTBrien, MwrTircffj 
vach. * 

TfrddvacHtyConnor. 1 

Moriertach 0'Ncill,-commoiJycalfc| 
Mluricse Mte-Loug^n. ' 

Roderick Of Connor, in whole re 
hi^Emd wasfubisa!ed to the 

Henrjr 11. king of Rigland and UJ 
fucceflTorsfcibgsoPEi^land. ^ 
State op Learntngf. J 

*imsft©wacdge of the Roman Ktcratwi 
waiiMMMlucedttMotag-the'pec^te^f Irej,""^^ 
by that religious miffionary St. Patrick, 
arrived there in th#-jf^^QHr»ft-43a, bv,™ 
vrhich period the hiftory of tljis-kiiigfilotiilMH 
ing enlightened but with litt]6::lQainiti& 
confeqsf n^Jjt theirf afltiein .ajitflotiAta/ of ^^ 
«»*»>. b^JRg£<iw»n frpiR tiic tmtytiwial S^h \ 
nets of the bstrds as before-nMOtianed, can- ' 
not be firmly rqli^droOh- FipBt.the Wp* 
tjjfiwfprqof St. PafirjQk^*jtfriwil:tQkdie ^\ 
miffion made by tJwliiOipQtci^Woi to kiflil 
Heury 11. coi^mnmM^ti^m~of-J4st y«H^ 
the Infli made very cqfiii^vjali^ j^ogreSMl 
learning. J St. Patf^«kt^|i£^titht).pBOpl<kfi^ 

'^m^m^^^.m'm^Mi w^wir own 

y&ts to attain, gi^^it l^oM^e^; tn hifhay, 
mfe^fuch that the ag<^ following him.^tbe 
,r. gj^ dfiYaftaticaM iatwdaodby- 

■ ' ../>■ .-, ! the 



')"'WI 



! R B L K N D.' j$ 

the ditiea ib> th« bVfii^ ee9M!u<y« W2»6' i6i^^ 

ft^ ^«»«f^<tiil<l Giuls fbV <h^ bk^ b( fmfi 
at thd ^^^d^bl« Bede ih hi« Miff. Eccfe'i; 
Kfe). 3f4 ea|i. ^.^ti<i Cmki Hi hh C6m-» 
iSfterit lib. 6, kkitth us. Ndr i^ OMre an^ 
r«iKlbfi t» #olKliM^thatfIr^!i0fdilM^u1d Jft-tKbfS 
^eS'ilSddifd ^>itlfr {Sell^nf tff (Aa^f and ifiiu 

4ik! wlidoifi «f ' PbVkldKbi^^ ^^ ttib fted» df 
f^ghM^ aAif leaMrtig, now M 6i(»i ria6<^ 
aM {Reil>!n'fiidtH^i a^-iri ib Aainy bddii, «!(9 
iM' dii OidVhf «Vei^ iraiTi^Atiiioia a ifcf# 

^sh'«Rd>Sft''^xid6( mioikHidi it iiv&f 

^»6mA% (tisli^AiidcAmibf^skamitid^'m 
Jbfaim thlfdOj^^- tAat this m\A& dbtaihe(i 
i^ HIQft(i dF ^ite! ^ Sg&tid'lfik fVomthi 

EihH^ lUti'gems Hi^mtm'cdliti 

• But Wtibte^Mf wt& thb^fTate of learhitigiti 
fttiSflt^inr thi^ ttAieir-, it'h'htittb te ciM^ 
tM»«t»iffc4 iMkt' tkit< diiiiy a^^rbjptS'W^dre n^ 
OD ijftibfiiS^ fia»hftHii} iri tAMf ptiris' of th^ 
l&i^o«l« forthi^aSatioh bf fbtithi It 
d|i|^lteMtt m s$mt m^teiad&c de Bieknoif 
' E a arch- 



j6 State op liBAitifiKO is 

archbifliop of Dublin, procqred a buUfroa' 
Pope John XXII. for the foundatkui df i(^ 
univerfity for fcholars ip DuI^iq, andffi^ 
pointed a fet of ftatutes to be obfirrved' 
that univerfity which was eredted in 
Patrick'^ church ; in which a divinity leAi 
was inftituted by kii)g Edward III. and 
a record in Birmingham Tpw^r it appei 
that monarch gave ioirther countenanced 
it by granting to the fc.holars hia Ittttm 
protedtion upon all occaficpis. , In 1358 1^ 
were feveral lectures, in divinity, the 
and canon law, and other derical fcienoBli 
but for want of a fuificient fund to 'mainr 
tain the ftudents^ tbe usiverfitjr by 
r^ dwindled 19 ^othing. 4a ^5^9 
fcnry, Sidney^^ thcp ilprd deputy of ' 
land, folicited Queen Elizabeth to coi 
of re-eftabli(hing that Univerfity, afld|{ 
1585, SirJohnPerrot<lord deputy) af^irf 
to tbe lord treafiirer »of England to hj^v^ 
univerfity h^ld in tbe -olfijedfal p( Qnk 
Church, but this wa^ qppofed 1^ the arck* 
biOiop of Dublin, yet ^his grf^cCxwas i«M 
after extremely zealous in promoting .# 
foundation of the prefent univerfity, for dt 
lord mayor and citizens of Dublin haVilf 
a grant from king Henry VIII. of thc.Aj^ 
guftian Monaftery of All Saints, 4yiog|to 
3ie eaft fuburl?s of that city, which arcBr 
ihop Loftus Judging to be a^Gonvepient fito* 
ation.for a College, applied to them for 1 
College to be built there ; to which the) 

agreeing 



y ip i i I I I py ii I I ■ u j ii III I iiyp i . nm . I ipi ■ ^ipwip 

IRELAND. 77 

(igEeeiDg, <2jieen Elizabeth was petitioned 
to grant a charter, which was granted, 
and in i»59r letters patent pafled indue 
.form, and that it (hould be called. Collegium 
Sanaa et Individua ^rinitatis juxta Dublin 
d Sereniffima Rigina Elizabetba fundatum. 

The College of the Holy and Undivided 
^Trinity near Dublin, founded by the moft 
fercne Qaeen Elizabctk si 

This Univerfity is an elegant modern 
building of Pordand ftone- The Weft 
front extends 296 feet, the building is 64 
feet high^ without reckoning the balqftr^dea 
on the South and Nor A iuie. ;The pavi- 
lions and froQt door cafe, prcge£t from the 
wain body, the comicc isfupported by four 
Corinthian pillars and two pilafters of the , 
&fne order, as are alio the four pilafters of 
Boijc order. There are four ftories in the 
front F|:om:tibis front range two wings 
Running, eail and weft l6o feet, where join* 
ifig with other buildingis parallel with the 
front, they form a fquare of aoo feet by 
HO. Eaft' of this fquare is the old hall and 
^apel, which running eaftward 220 feet, 
fonij with pthqr ranges of buildings a qua* 
^an^e of loa feet fquare to the fouth, 
V^d an irregular fquare to the north, of 
Kiuch larger extent, containing moft com- 
ipodious apartments. After paffing the firft 
f^uar^ we come into another ftill more fpa-r 
<^iou8, confiftiogojF 250 feet by 136, roun4 
^bich are four ranges of building nearly 
E 3 equal 



.A I 



fopf 



^8 State of LEARKnte ilr 
€qua]. i)n the eaft fide k a>a^e igBi 
4ha Parky on ithe foutb fide 16 theMJ^yaq^ 
which ifi well &irnf(hed with the viotkui 
^e cnoft emineiit authors in all laaguagBH 
«fid adoFn64 with nmrblehufts of jmeo ecai^ 
nent in the literary wori^. fn the hag 
P^k is 4ie Printing Office and Aaatooq 
laoiife. • - ' ^ 

In 1 551 the litur^ in the EngKfli k» 
ajge wras fiM printed ict Dutdin^ additil 
^pofisd this is the firft book that ^ver M 
printed in Ireland. Tb^ bibie wa& dl 
printed it^ 1 55$^ and ^ooa ivsere fgl^inom 
y^ars. ki(h charafkera ifof: printing* v«e 
broi^ We Irei&nd in ^ 1571^ %;NkA(afali 
Walfli, cfcancelfor of St.fatrick^. Tbm 
lire near 170 free fchoolls ere€te4 in difisMt 
parts of the kingdom, both by puUic mil 
private munificenee, wherein near moo 
children have been educated v and about 99 
]Enig}ith proteftam working (bhook, €^x&ti 
by difediena of the Incorpk>rated Sodmj 
^r promoting Englifh pi^eftant working 
fchpote, where the poor natives of Irelaad 
ere inftru^ted in the principles of chriftiaoi*' 
ty, and are inured to induftry and laboar. 
pis late n^jefty ebntrfbut^ 0^6 thctv&id 
pounds in 1733 to this foeletyv which iw* 
tncprporated ty charter, Imd st^ tho^AiiA 
pounds per annum granted. The pai^ 
jnent of Ireland for the fUme purpofeef 
ft|Pport4iDg thefe^ fchoels^ ap)M;oprbted' the 
fund aiifihg from t)ie hawkers and pedkrs 

. -' aa, 



i R E L A N IX ^^ 

«ft, cfl^inmtedi it 3000/. psf^ «ttnum 5' tod 
Acre are many Iktaefadtioni givett frpirf p^i^ 
▼ale pcrfona At prefent there iri abbfat 
twselve tondred children pmvtded for, and 
wJien of proper age are afijJHiehtic^ to'^Wo^ 
tcftant mafters: after fheij* appfehticerfii pa 
are expired, a portion of 5/. is glV€n to ttfti 
« her, who nmriles a pif^teftiafttv with the 
ipprobatioi* of & tomiiiitt^ of fifteen of the 
fcciety^ A charter nurferyv- te alfo ii! Dublin, 
where children fetit up from the country are 
doathed and educated, from Whence they 
tre tranfplanted to country fchools as bctea-^ 
fion offers. The following i^ttM of the 
proceilant chapter fdMoliSi ' 



Wkea 



Plaoctn 



Caftkddrmot 
Ballynahinch 
Shannongrove 

m^. Caftlecaulficld 

^^37- Crqjane 
♦BallycafUc 
TempteVtown 

m^. KiUogh 

KtbnaUock 
t Dundalk 
Stradbally 

Ballinrobe 
»l4o. • Newtown Eyre 
Rockcorry 
- Ray 

E . 



Cooatles* 

Kildite 

Ddwn 

Lttneridc 

Tyrone; 

Aftna^' 

Antrim 

Wicklow 

Down 

Limerick 

Lowth 

Qiieen?s co* 

Lintierick 

Mayo 

Gahray 



Namb. of 
-iCfaildreo. 



.Donegal. 



40 

loo 

40 
30 

40 

40- 
20 
40 
40 
20 

• 4a 
40 

49 
1741. 



1 741. 
1743. 

1744- 
'745^ 
1748. 



1749. 



Charter 

New Rofe 
Ballyket 
t Santry 

* Waterford 

* Kilkenny 
Ardbraccan 
Charleville 
Strangford 
Caftlecarbery 
Clonmell 
Trim 
Arklow 

* Kingfale 
Caftlemartyr 



Schools of 

Wexford 

Clare 

Dublin 

Waterford 

Kilkenny 

Meath 

Cork 

Down 

Kildare 

Tipperary . 

Meath 

Wicklow 

Cork 

Cork 



Clantarf {Strand NDublin 



^ Loughrea 

\* Maynboth ' 

1751. Cafhcl 
Dunmani^ay 

* Newport 

1752. Bal^kclly 

• Inniibannon 
17.53. Franckfort 

Longford 
'755- Galway 

Monivae 

Sligo 
1758. Farra 

♦ Armagh 
i76o.tInnifcarra 

Athlone 

Rofcomon. 
1763. Caftleiaand 



40 
40 
60 

40 
49 
40 

30 
40 
40 
40 

50 
40 

20 

40 
. 100. 

Galway 60 

Kildare *" 40 
Tipperary 60 
Cork 60 

Tipperary 40 
Loiid. Dcrry 40 
Cork 40 

King's county 40 
' '• " 80 

4? 
40 
80 
40 

40 . 

30 ♦» 

40 

3cf 



Longford 

Galway 

Galway 

Sligo 

Weftmcath 

Armagh . 

Cork 

Rofcomon 

Rofcomon 

Kerry 



1768. 



I R E LAN D. 8i 

1768. tTarbert . , Kerry 30 

• Newmarket ; Clare 24 

Tifus marked *, aJl Boys. S-— 

And thus '\ all gkls: Total ai49 

' Families of the Roman Cathplic rdigtoti, 
are in this refped, under (broe di&dvantage 
with resard to;die education of their chil- 



dren^, fori they will not educate their youth 
in our univerfities, neither in thi& kingdom 
nor in finghuid, becaufe of the protcft^ut 
rel^m therein profb&d ; but chufe rather* 
not being: tolerated u> have public fchools in 
their profdlion, to educate their children 
under private profeflbrs, drelfe fend thtm 
abroad into France ocv Spain for th^ijr im- 
provement* Neither ia a priefl: now tmong 
them.of any repute, if he Ima not receivta 
a good* education and fpent (bme years 
abroad: and it is: with the greateft truth I 
aver that the clei^- of the Ramf a Catholic . 
perfuafton are of the mofteMltedchara^^^ 
and by.no mdans defeiVetbe illibet!a)racconntg 
wtaich have beent given of them by{ig9omn)t 
writers. And it ss biit)uftice to add^> that 
their public diftourfes, their untform peace- 
able behavioiu: and their attachmeait to hta 
iBajefty^s pei^fon and gov^^mment, evinces 
^^^ ^rajitude foe the late repeal)Qf many. 
Itenal laite i^nft.tbem in bebtad* 

E^^ PRO- 



H PRO i>i:[ct oW 
fjR, o DM qzi 

, The foil of IrclaaA being in nKs^ubccs 
iJbnodamly fruitfiil and fil to hq ^i^Ufftd 
to great advantage either under tillage, paf- 
tui^lge w^ Meadow ; a& may he ob&rved by 
evviT' traveNer, and is unn»|rfitUy.ackQov- 
ledg^ by the nativiea ^ fhmi iivihoyco h;fli- 
^el^ly foUbwB, aaa piOQf of ^o m- 
turat^^fertili^ of the Irifli^ibil, diat as oenfi- 
Ul^ble quantities of land sgie aot made ofe 
of kvtilt^e) the bredd of black caitkruA 
f^ee^ muit be infiokey which hitlmrtQ^ to- 
4bqA was the greafieA mttui^ weidih ofi the 
inhabitants^ and af: pmfeat? iu|fi^ sp iqcqa- 
iideMhid ^rriolescin theirjexpofts.i Babwbca 
% isMiifidiewd^^ Bumber of bkidc oatdp 
^dribb is peared here, avA the anaazina' oc- 
port o^lhito from the: diffiifent ports <^ Ire- 
land), and£Rvn Cosh pasttcnlatigfs, te fiip^ 
p)y the-ftilsiping dbenii Qssat Britain boasd 
t^ Aimiico^ 4«irm^< «fae^ pteimt was:,, as \bi# 
^s^fa jNniifli^^ Barbadoes^^^and^.a the Car 
i^bee, jJd^fldB) lidt vtei .iqantioai the ptodi^ 
tMA0qsi^imsi&aii ipif i'aa aodSpais, Ae 
^woii^r wift ttafe at the little tiUage \ih this 
ftkigdeoi wbiob thereb]^ eftea oblt^ the 
l^to piirdiafe^oiii fiwiibfeifjnil^rkiBiB^ 
thi»Jis V'oe^nfdieM^i^/wetft worthy #e at- 
tention of? the^bgiflaftttiiB, an^S^^'eftated 
gentlemen of this' kingdom. For though 
-^Ct ^e great encoijragements given for the 
railing of hemp and flax, efpecially as we 

cannot 



t R E l^ A'- N' T>. 83 
auuiia^iM9^ geiiflAi^fiNn AnfMidiM,:3(ei di(^ 

Tiwitt lie, cQotiwABd W()ef ^l(H:k iWiWlb' «)d 

tmned from iJi^H^^ to. fi^ipM< vaom bea^ftgi^ 
b«arReh|;i %id pt^bl^ tot «ncounigsmfiM 

It muft be confefled that oM0^!Q«t<)bl^ 
cl^ to, jdat> pr«<peHQ r^d itB|W¥eii»i« of 

oftpiK^R o£ thn «iB«9mpiv poofffe 1^ t^ 

k^#ig^9f^ Mng <!i*R» w torn ^. <Hi#^ Pefl 
•bWfQ;t)»(9-<Wfl^ of wha« i>X .gpq4 «m1m»^%^ 
liipfllifi !irigh|t,.siiel4K : TWs lwog^P5n^-:>|}fe 

ai^rfcfffHiJ^ Ke^i«i98ji» <# Ii»th.i|| 1N9 feryi?^ 
of ,5jM^pap«i%|iqfc fcsfl^ BJaajj^Qffiefi^ 

£ff^t^t^£e^ qountries pMivie ^gf»^ 
Of H9^ gr«r», rioi^ QmifltfiMf ^Hing 
qf ,fl<»«,.i fay.%. ^'' XhM *ft <!««». ¥b feflaflj* 

• counties 



84 PRODUCE Ot- 
counties I have ieen the growth in gsneralit 
ai good as in Herefordftiire in Englandy 
iiiore efjkcially fo in the counties of Louth 
and Meath ; in th^ latter county, at Sbne, 
18 a mill which performs the bolting and . 
dreffing the different kinds of flour, efta- 
btiflied by Meff. Burton, Balfour, and Jebh» 
which tho' at prefent not brought to that 
degpree of perfection they intend, has been 
of infinite advantage to Dublin, Dro^eda 
and «tt6 vicinity. 

With regard to jpafture, Ireland produces 
great quantities o^ meadow ground, which 
18 of confiderable fervice to the inhal^tants, 
by ' fupplying them, with great plenty of 
hay for their black cattle, (heep, and horfes^ 
hi winter ; and the bogs- when reclaimed 
make excellent mdadow knd. The Irifii 
w6oli6 excellent, but the prohibition of ex* 
porting to any other nation but England 
has, in the opinion of many intelligent per-^ 
*fons, been of detriment to both IdngdomSi 
becaufe it encouraged the ihhabitanta to 
fmuggle it into France and Spain, from the 
large extended* coalla and numerous bays 
and creeks in Ireland. The remedy to pfc- 
j vent this, is the refcinding the laws reft rid- 
ing' the etpprtations of Ireland. This in a 
^reat nofeeiure js done by the laws which hitve 
pafledin Bn^and the laft ifeffion^ and which 
^ill be of infinite fervice, as Will be explained! 

With regard to the roads of Irdand they 

are ii) generd tolerably gpcA fbt riding, 

— ' • running 



IRELAND. 85 

mrining (bmetimes ten or fifteen miles in a 
ftrait line; but with refpeft to carriage^ 
they are not fo good as thofe of England. 
Turnpikes are eftablifhed on moft of the 
^principal roads, and the inns are tolerable. 

By a late computation the proteflants afe 
about one fifth part of the inhabitants ; 
thefe with the Englifti and Scotch are ge* 
Derally embarked in trade and mSnufadturesSy 
and the Roman Catholics are moftly em^ 
ployed in titlajge, tzc. The feveral orders 
and degrees ot the nobility and people are 
much die lame here aain England, and the 
laws as nearly the fame both in tffcA and 
execution. Conliderable quantities of cydear 
are annually made in this kingdom,- parti- 
cularly in the province of Munfter, which 
has of late years been brought to great per- 
fe£tfon ; and befides enough for our own 
confuniptton, fome hundred hogfheads are 
yearly fent to the different piarts of Ireland ; 
whereby confiderable ibms- of money are 
kept here, which uied to be fent abroad for 
fordgn cyder. 

There are in many parts of Ireland to be 
met with quantities of potters clay, pip6 
clay, red and yellow ochre, free-ftone, grind* 
ing ftones, rag-ftone, marie, roften lime^ 
ftone, marble, limeftorte for building, (bf 
which there is a great deal in the co. Louth^ 
&c) flate, ores, lead, dD|yper, coals, iron 
ore, befides an infinite number of other me- 
Ulfi, nunes, and minerals, fo that it evklent- 



%6 PRODUCEOF 

ly appe^rs^ ttat imi^ afi« migbe GH^fitriv 
ia i|ii$ kingdf>i]p^ with ^uaI a(|v«ntae« tp 
^ artiftsi a»i ui9i4er«iJien, C^cb ^ ^ 
vrorkp, p^pcf miUs^ the <n»l^ingflf ImuT 
l)lacks w^ f^MHtfig of r»qi)9l:iQ€> niackkSi 
faifron, Iqc Befi^iQ^ thei^ ave fiic^ other 
ufefuJ cbya, eanH tndi foflW)^ rfjata»<rf 
gre%i adva^Qlgta tq lhe|pt«er, fipfintakei, 
4rqgfp|k, paiftt^if^ &Q- Sd^ial trtifta ia 
tV g^ifa mw^fd^torf would niott wk}i «» 
fidlMrf^bilecmQWaigenicoi h» €Piir<rquflace^ 
the Ut^grai^t ^f a fr^e tinde^ v^Kmlqi g^ 
isi p<^init;l$d to fee ^ix>ftiQd. 

In thf maiicAAiiHre of papef aU^ire^ 
QQnAdei ^btf! impiovdiomta mght Im iMniBb 
i»ora ^ft^atH^ a% Hbcwy kig^cw f«Mhe €» 
iwtaiiofi of bopfei. 

Tha ymo»h^ hiaAohMof naf(JMuiiifQi».ib 
iTiK^afuHy c^md ciBt at KiiQMig)iMft «4 
SMicId^ ¥r(»uU fimt wijdik thisr grtateft ^^ 
cQDcaganftSttt hpn^ . wihicii bM <m:a^«B4 
«MD]f iagenioufii axtifta aliaidjf^ f^ iM npiia 

The great quantities of pijMr^y^^ilQii 
in CloMMiU >nd: othM ipai^ol kalandi have 
ifn^c^ii i«ia9y of Mi^nruHiufiftSkv^feiiii oi& St^ 
foKjft i» to («| Qp iot ]EHiUmi tliQ mBdwfy&Pr 
m^ o( mftlien ^iKare^ ^dhi^fio 4mlK wj|} 
ineei mmH. ewfy fm«)Ngei;M»fc from ^ 
|nbaA>ica9ia ofi h^nsfA^i ; 

Tb(Ci twcte i9rMuCi^re/i; in fr^ttid aie 
r4% ba^« MKi 9m Unk^imQ^ to^tM 

and 



J 



I ^ f L A >J D. »7 

aQ44ur»b]e. Ti?e brick q% ^jpDttqr^ 
Qlay having £r«jui?nt|jr a mi!»:.twire ofcalca-r 
vIoHs.«fi^b, Qi; )t;Enew^, it «ft«c bvming 
ft^kenn oQ. bei?ig wette4 9n4 ipmU t^n[i» 
b^$dcs <^ieir t|c;'m& VKM^ght up top l^fti^Y 
«!() pQt Aiffer^ taUe long eoou^ tog^QW 
(Joii^ whjkh. i^ey would do if pcopiprh kcftt, 

SeiYf r4 veins o| cqal« have bo^ 4iK;ayert 
ed io the county pf PpWiOr. ftod i^ «M 
ooqi\ty of Tyrc(D« on the^ e^ate, of th^ eftfj 
of Wandfsford. H^e Hve been^ dt|g|UFg|K 
qiwi;«iiii$9 tlwW, wbich «re fscpericnfifd m 
b? of s^ v^ry gppd kind, 

Nkt^, nwes, 49d mineral* being iifi 
groit pI^Bt]} he^e, it roaj noii; b« unintece(tr> 
.•Pg t<^ M4 t*W ft* the iwre eafy dpfwuefs 
ipgof M»T;Aif«ii the foBowipg renaaiife^ af!% 
^i^, Uad, Wp^ iron* ^<;^ few* 
wW.gpBWatiw i^ vfsin?,^ nyiningt^ous^ 
thf e:«at bodies of oioun^ios, wlAcb a(?ai 
t^ priaciM^ fesiWiitaplejg. of tlje i^wpi^^of 
%fBMi^1||^4of lhewh«tt:aiu} Imupid^y^ 
¥<Rja jhj^, fufl <!afti 9w4 >i«^ aw^ by aft 
«?l!e)3R^d:<^^e|iqlwft. .Sowetiffjps^tihiBfey^ii^l 
a^ ^%>v;Qi;ed i^y Wt ^ vrfjc* t^ ^qkA ifi 
WplweqPM*. « indical^e^ (^jfiper, irop.fHJd* 
w^P \>imxA OS fcipi-ijo^tala > whej:e«9 aJI 
«Wt»iiM<ji|«, s»s,,l^ly^,: tioii Ifiad>- *;<?. b*W 
«»M^ ^. $qwfi|imep |h<ft^?.o^*^ «!«*». 
J*SHW^WiiV8)4l„.9ftpqMly i.^f ift b« iiflfijr"; 

Cfl w cJi^l «{at^j^ bQJAfd W(c<»PR lM*ff' 
* the; ftr5}H Whea die^ n^ntaliifi ftony^ ^r*- 
%RKt «t t|ii|S. ttOt^etp;) o( « <W>«W«v'iV 4i«]r- 
' I may 



88 P R OD UC E '6 i^ 

may be traced up to the place from whence 
they were broken off, where one may <^ 
or crofs cut for a vein. Alfo. when fpringi 
of water break out which difcover the ear© 
or (tones of a cankerous colour^ thefe are 
among the many circumftances indicating 
that veins of metal are near. In the county 
of Sligo, attempts have been made to diA 
cover veins of coals iil mountain heaths; 
the ufual covers of coals on the (kirts of 
moun^ins, are beds of bUck chivers, yd- 
lowilh free (tones, Kme (tones and (bme- 
times different layers of white and red free- 
(tone. The beft methods to be ufcd for 
difcovertng coal, are : to confult the fpring^ 
if any be near, to fee if they can find any. 
coal water, i. e. acid water having a car or 
yellowilh fediment ; abbve ground to look 
forafmut, /. t. a friable black earth ; when 
either of thefe is met with, they indicate 
great circumftances of coal being contigu- 
ous. For the finding of the coal it is expe> 
dient either to bore or to fink a prt, , the fiiff 
is the beft way of the two if thetroal Iter 
(hallow, but if the coal lies deep^t is as ex-* 
pen(ive as (inking a pit» efpecially as the 
drawing of the. r^ of augur would leave 
the fearchers under great uncertainty in re* 
fpeft of the courfe of the coal, the dhraining 
it, itsgoodnefs and thickneft; Whereas 1^ 
(inking a pit thefe inconvenien^iies ar^ le- 
moved, only the charge is apparent. A 
roof of loofe rotten (tone is a certain index 

of 



IRELAND. «d 

of loofe rotten coal, as a firm roof is on 
the contrary of a good one. All feamsof 
coal have their proper or peculiar clafles or 
hovers belonging to them, which, without 
thofe marks, it would be in vain to mdke 
fearch for them ; although iron ore is ofteiv 
found near coal, yet on the contrary, lead 
is feldom found contiguous to it. A grey 
free-ftone commonly lies next to the coal, 
which is fpangled with fulphur, and which 
^nging into a bituminous plate, istheroc^ 
and fupport of moft collieries. Seams 
of coal lie commonly on tlie fca-fide of 
mountains. In fome parts of England the 
feVerd ftrata are, a white foapy earth, 
which the miners call doal metal, and is a 
good fign 5 under this comes a bed of free- 
ftone of a grey colour, which changing into 
« black bituminous flate, is the cover of the 
co^l, arftl thefe are the coal covers of Cuni- 
berlahd. 

"The principal and crofs roads of Ireland, 
M th^ lead from Dublin to the feveral 
towns. Corredlcd from an authentic furvey 
w 1780. The ftone or meafiired miles are 
marked f. farther fide from Dublin f. f. 
ttearcft fide- to Dublinn n. f. The croft 
toads^ A poft town ||. To avoid repetitions, 
™re are eafy references to the letter^ A. 
^- C. &c. Read thus, from Dublin to 
S^rds 6, Swords to Balrothery 8, and to 
^fo^eda 9, making together 33. 

. Frm 



^ ROADSOF 

■ ' A 




A 


Zjmkt. 


D«Uin to Swoc^s 


(6 i 


llBalwthcry 


f 8 H 


DDrogfaeda 


ff^ SS 


D Dunl«eir - 


f6 «9 


CaftlebeUifigham 


4c SB 


ItLurgwgrwa .^ 


3 36 


llDtiQdaUc 


f4 40 


B FI«nry-brid8» 


5 45 


flNewry - r 


f4 4S 


iJLoughbrk^kind 


« 5T 


RDrdtnow - •♦ 


£& 6s 


BHiUOboroog^ 


4 69 


iLilbura - - 


t T« 


RBeMaft 


7 T9 


^Carrickfa^us 


« «r 


^iiy, 31^ 




KilculieiLutD 


10 


Athy 


f Ji 3r 


BalliHrobty 108. 




FertJagareiBG • v 


t 96 


Kilmaia 


1 lOS 


liBaffinrobe 


5io» 


MaUy/baattMy. 97; 




EntiifkilientnE 


n 


Churchill 


S «5 


Bekek « - 


^ 94 


H BftHifliannon 


3 97 


Ba/fyca/Ue, it6. 




Liiburn in A 


7« 


Glanevy ■♦ • •• 


7 79 


Antrim ^ 


6 »5 




KcHo 



IRELAND. 51 

.Kelli - - 5 9^ 

H Ballymena. ^ . ' ^ B 93 

Rafliarkan - - 7 loo 

iPalUmoney - • - ^ io6 

flPall^caftle - - lo ii6 
♦ Another fFay^ 107. 

?allymena, as before - ^i 

Clough w . 2 95 

Ballycaftle - * la 107 
B 
BalhfcoMMl^ €0. 

Killefaadraml - - S% 

iBaUfcoimell -^ - t 66 
Bantry^ 1^56. 

CorfcinD ^ . I2ii 

llBandon - ^^ 11 132 

punmanway - - 12 144 

|>Banoy . - - la 156 
^ Bellaghyj 94. 

Magherafclt ia H • * , *' 

Pawfon-bridge - 4 96 

Bcllaghy - - - 4 f4 

Behurhetj S9* 

?utlf rVbridge E - 55 

BBelturbet - - 45:^ 

Carrickmacro/sj 4*. 

Drogheda in A - ^ ^3 

frArdee - - 8 ^^i 

j^Carrickmacrofs* - - la 41 

Chil9flmWi^ xoi. 

JLimerick in G • - ft6 

Btuff- - - - 9 94 

Kiliiiftllock - -* 3 S* 

frChaf- 



9Z ROAD S O F 

II Charievilfc . ^* ^ loi 
CAjfAir, 75. 

DunlecrinA - f 29 

Braganftowo - • , 4 33 

Lowth ... 5 38 

Peterborough - -^ 5 43 

Caftleblayney - - ft 51 

Caftlefhane • • 10 6r 

Skernageeradt . . 7 6S4 

BCloghcr . - 7 75. 

Cclebili^ 49i 

Kinnegad in F - f 29 

|[ Muffingar - ' a f 8 37 

Racondra -^ • 6 43 

ttCokhiil . • fi 4^ 

Clones^ 6ir 

Cavan in E - •. ^ ^ ^2 

/Clones ' -. • o '6is 

C 

Calerain^ yoz^ 

Loughbrickland in A -» gj 

li Banbridge ~ - - - z 59 

Magherelin - . . ^ 6 65 

Glanevy - - - T 7* 

I Antrim . -^ 6 7fiS 

Randalftown - - 3 81* 

Ahoghil . . - 5 86. 

.Rafliarkan - - 5 9li 

llColcf^in - -^1 u 102! 

Atotber ff^ay^ 

Armagh in H - * 6^ 

Stewartftown - i* 75 

B Money more • -m -:! 5 80 

Machera . - ft 88 



w 



wm 



mmm 



i R EL A N 

tSarvagh 

<^leiraili • - 

^ ^ €ootebill^ 47. 

Caftlekriock - - 
Xlonee' - - 

Dunfhaghlin 
B NaviHi' - - - 

..Cabfaghcaftlc 

Sbirciock 
JCootchill . - . . 

Another fFay^ 44. 

Navan before * 

Donbu^hpatrick 

Fyanftown-bridge 

©arlandftown-bridge 

•Moynalty - 

Moybolg ChiiTch - 

'Bailly borough 

"Coroncry 



D. 



<:0otehiU 



Kacool 
tNaas ' 
iKillcuildn 
I !B[ailUore 

Timolm 
B Caftledermot 
I Caflow 
ii Lei^linbridge 

Royal Oak 
B Kilkenny , 

Ca^n [ 



D 



9a 

7 95 
1 IQZ 



ff 3 

< S 6 

ff7 ,3 

i 9 2^ 

n 35 

5 40 

7 47 



3 

2 

2 
2 

4 

4 
3 



f 
n f 7 
f 6 

- £6 
f 10 



22 

25 
27 

29 
31 
25 
37 
41 
44 



7 

»4 
20 

27 
29 
33 
38 



Nine- 



«9 

80 

■95 
103 

109 



4S 

Si 

Go 



^ R O A D S O F 

Nmemilehoufe - - f 6 

Twomile-bridge ^ If 9 

UClonmd .- ■- fa 

Clogheert - - /fit 

Bally pooren - - f 4 

Kilworth - - 8 

Fermoj - - f 3 

RathcQrmuck -■ 3 

iCork - =" lis 132 

Another Way f 113^ 
Royal Oak before 

BGowran - - '4 

BennetVbridge - 1 

KoolaghmorG » * ,. . 7 

Kilcafti - - 8 68 

Glonmd . ^ * * >; 6 74 

Caperquin - - 14 *8 

ftLifmore - - X jb 

Caftlelyons - - . 10 itib 

CSork -- . • 13 J ^3 

Anolterff^aj. 
B^I^ilcBlhinf before 
ft Athy - 'i ' 

Sbadbally 

Timohoe 

^UiaakiH • - ^;^: 

lifurrow • 

Begg^r*s-Inn - :,:ii 

Hurlkigfbrd 

CiaheiP * • . 



f . 

rfi'lri. 

,f 6 

t^ 

I' 14. 

■f 8 



31! 

4^ 

60 

741 
82 



Clogheen 



I R E, LAND. PS 

Clogheen ♦ . f 8 qo 

Tie reft before. . -r y* 

A good carriage road. 

IMoaafterevaff G - - f gg 

"urrow - . . g T^ 

The reft before. - ^ 
• ■ E 

t. ... • ^'V'» »42. 

^iiBincKiirG -_ 1^ 

Adarc .- ,. - 6 oz 

IRathkeal - * 4 Sg 

Mew^aftle ■ - - . „ ,5,3 

ffle of Kerry < .- ^ ,,7 

r^ralee — » j j^ 

jingle • - 18' i^iai 

' Another JFaj^ 143. 

**yal Oak in Ij) ... - 45 

«Qowrail - - • 4 5& 

ftnnrt»s4)ridge - - 31 53 

A^lcp -, - - K^tz 

«^uleBaule - - ' «i< -ja 

♦Canflpl - • f , ^ 

Jipperaiy ^ ^ g^^j 

My - ■ ■ ' - II 93 

2«llingatry- - - 15. ixaj. 

ftfcwcaftle - - - 6 114 

^byfeale - »; i«* 



»Jc of Kerry ^ - 8,50 

|ftljnain- - - a .38 

«iDgfe - - 5>i43 

Anetbcr 



M I 



j6 RO ADS OF 

AMthtrJVof^ 143' 
Btcfmgton " J J 

Ballymore-Eoftacc ' r ao 

Punlavin ' - ■ - M «i 

TimoKn - ' ^ ** 

BcnnctVbridge - 49 53 

The reft before: 

Dontgbaaeet 91. 

BelfaftinA 
Newtownards 
iDonaghadce _, " „ 

Laneflborougb in I * " 

•Strokeftown - "^ 

Entnf, 106. 
Limerick in G - - 

fSixmikbridge 

lEnnis - .^ , ' « 

Enutfeortby^ 48. 

Bailiroore in E. - - f 

Baltinglas - " £ 

Tullow - - ' 

Clonegal - - " - " - 7 

Scarawelfti - - - 7 

yEnnifcorthy - .2 

GoreyinK - 

Qough ~ 

CanooKn 

Ferns - - " 

Scarawelfti - - 

Ennifcorthy - . - 



I R E L A N ] 

Ennijkilkti 71.' 
B CootehiU in C 

Clownifh - - 

^ Donbugh 
' Maguire's-bridget 

Enniflkillen 

_ . ^notber JVay, 77. 

Navan in C 
ilKell(Meath) - " - 

B Virginia - - 

IGavan ' - 

Butler's-bridge -^ 

Crofs-roads ' 
• Ncwtownbutler 
•Donmigh - - 
iLifneflcea - - 

Maguire's-bridge 

Lifipaira 
OEnnifkiUen 



Athlone in F 
, ^llinafloe 
' Aghrim 

Loughrea 
jGort 

Leixflip 
I Maybooth 
IKilcbck 

Clboncurry 

Johnfton 
..Caftlecarbeiy 



F 

Gort^ go. 



Galwajy gz. 



91 

^ Si 

6 59 

4 63 

8 71 

f 22 

8 30 

9 39 

3 55 



3 
5 

2 
2 

a 
4 
4 



58 
65 

73 
71 



58 

10 68 

3 71 

11 82 
8 90 

f 3 10 

U 13 

f 5 18 
f f a 20 

f 5 25 
Edenderfy 



$8 



ROADS Q P 



Edcndcrry 
B Philtpftown 

JTultomorc ' - ' r 
IfBdliboy 
JlBanagher - 

iByrccouTt - ^ 

Loughrea 
II Gal way 

jinotberJFayj 92. ^ 

1 TiiUamore before 
Frankford 
Banagher 
Loughrea 
Galway 

Another Wojf^g^^ 
'Clooncurry before 

Blackwater 
HiCloftard 

Kinnegad 

Beggar's- bridge 

TerrilVpals 
rKilbeggan ' - 

Moatagrenoge 
fAthlone 
]| Ballinafloe 

Kilconnel 

Athetiry 

Calws^ - 

Another fVay^ 91. 
AtUone before 
BrideVwcU 



f3 a^ 

5 
7 



43 
50 



to 60 

4 ^4 

13 77 

43 

II 5* 

« 60 

17 7T 

,5 5^ 



21 
29 



f4 
J* 

^4 
I f 8 

f It 

10 



BaDyfona 



IlippPiliJ IPIlll >f9'L IHiqi 



I R E L A N ] 


D; 99 


Bailyforan - * 


5 68 


iCaftleblakeney 


6 74 


. Killiddgher 


5 79 


Galway 


1% 91 


Another TVay^gi. 


^■k 


Ballyforan before 


68 


Abby . - *- 


io 78 


Claregalway 


8 86 


Galway 


5 91 


Jmdber Wa'^^ 92. 




Terdrs-pafs in F . - 


- ^ 3p 


Doij^hlin . - - 


6 45 


Atblone 


. II 5« 


The reft before; 




Afiotli/erWAh S3- 




Kinnegad before 


f 29 


. Mvdlingar - - 


A f«. 317 


1 Balfitxiore 


10 47 


Athlopc 


»« 67 


The reft before. 


• 


Granard^ 44. 


. .. * 


Loghcrew in I / ^; 


34 


. Fmae 


- .?; HI 


.iGraiiard - - - 


. 3.44 


GUMStm^ 105. 




Bally mena in A 


93 


V iBroughfhana 


a 95 


. ^l^arm 


.8 i<93 


\'G • 




Jnniftiogi^ 61. 


. . r 


ThomaftoViv in K 


56 


JlnrnftiOge 


^ 61 


Fz 


Kilkhi 


204279 


ti 



lOO 



ROADS OF 



Killahy 153. 




Athlone tn F 


5« 


Ecllaforan 


f 12 1o 


Moylogh 


f II 81 


llTuam 


f 10 91 


Fertagere 


f5 96 


Holymount 


6 102 


'Newbrook 


3 ^^S 


Cloghanlucas 


B 108 


Belcarra 


2 no 


jCaftlebar - - 


4 »H 


Forford 


« 122 


Bellcek ^ 


6 128 


BKillala 


5 133, 


Killarntyj 124. 




Iflc of Kerry in E 


"7 


IlKiHarney - 


1 124 


Killiegb, Z9* 




-Monaftcrevan 


f 28 


1 Portarlington - - 


3 3» 


Killiegh 


« i9 


Kingfale^ 136- 




^ Cork in D 


m 


iKiogfalc - 


14 iH 


Letterkmny^ 116. 




fltrabane in H 


K)4 


'Cama^la 


7 "} 


jLctterkeiMiy 


5 ii6 


Limericky 86. 




NaasinD 


f u 


Newbridge 


■f5 '9 


II Kildare - 


ff5 84 


Monaftcrevan 


f4 28 


II Maryborough 



IRELAND. 101 

I Maryborough - - ^ ^^ .39 
Mountrath - f f 6 45 
Caftletown - . ^ ^ 47 
Borros - - ^ 5 5^ 

llRofcrea - - f f 6 58 

Dunkerrin -.. \. - f 4 62 

Toomavara -. n ( o $8 

Silvermines - 6 * 74 

II Newport (Tip.) - , "6 80 
11 Limerick - - 6 ^6 

JnotberlFay, 88; 

Silvermines before - - 74 

O'Brien^s-bridge . - 8 82 

Limerick - - - 6 88 

Another IVay^ 87. ; , 

Toomavarah before - ' - . 68 

Nenagh - - 4 7^ 

Shallcc Orchard - - 5 II 

Limerick - - 10 87 
H 

.. LurgdHy 65. „ 

EanbridgcC - - . 59' 

Waringftown - - 4 6^ 

jLurgan - - ^ 65 

Londonderry^ 114. 

^DundalkinA - - 40 

Johnfton*s Fews - 1 o 50 

Blackbank . - - . 6 56 

II Armagh • • - 7 63 

Charlemount - - ^ 09 

JlDungannon - - 5 74 

Sfxmilecrofs . - - . 12 86 

liOmagh - - 6 ga, 

F 3 Newtown- 



102 R 6 A D S O F 

Newtawnftcwart 
fStrabape 
Jliondonderry 

Another lVay\ 114. 

Moneymore in C - 

Machera - - 

pungivert 

tonqonderry 

jinoihcr JVay^ 114- 

Skernageerach in B 

Aughnacloy 

Balligawley 

Omagb •; 

Strabane 

Londonderry - 

Magherafelty 88. 

i)ungannon before 
Moneymore - . 

|[ Magherafclt " - ' - 

Ballypooren in D - 
11 Mitchelftown 

Doncraile - " "^ 

It Mallow ^ - ^- 

J other Pray y 113. 

Clonmell in D 
Ardfeftnan 
Clogbeen 
Ballypooren 
The reft before 

Millfireef^ 145. 
Bandon in B 
fiMilj^rect - < ' - 



6 


98 


6 


104 


10 


114 




80 


8 


88 


8 


96 


18 


XH 




6» 


4 


72 


3 


75 


17 


92 


12 


104 


10 


114 


10 


74 


10 


8+ 


4 


H 




95 


5 


too 


8 


iq8 


5 


I '3 


f 


80 


1 


87 


f4 


91 


4 


95 


18 


ti3 




13a 


«3 


145 


Moira, 



I R E L A N D. 103 

^ Moira^ ^g. 

Luf^;an in tt - - 65 

iMairf r- • 4 69 

Monqgbm^ 56. 

Cootchill in C - 44. 

Rockcorry - - 4 48 

iMonaghan - - 8 5^ 

iBalliboy - ., - 50 

iBirr ^ - - " 7 57 

Ballingarry - - 4 6i 

jl Burrafakane - "■ . 3 ^4 

iNenagh • . - • 5^ 69 

Caftlebar in G - 114 

INewport (Mayo> - 8 i^zz 

Newt^wnlimavadyy 103. 

Money more in. C - - go 

Machera . - . - g^ 88 

Dungiven - - $^ 97 

INewownlimavady - 6 103 

OldcaftK z6. 

Clonce in C - f £ 

, Blackball . - - 2 8 

Tullaghmedan - *- 7 i5 

itTrim - " - 5 2,0 

Athboy - - S ^S 

Killua - - - 3 28 

Ijoghcrew - - 6 %i 

lOldcaftlc . . . ^ ^ 

Portaferryj 10 j, 

Dromore in A - • 65 

F 4 BBally^ 



I04 R O A D S O F 


1 


II Ballynahinch 


8 


73 


iNewtownards - - * 


13 


86 


llPortaferry 


»5 


101 


RispioCy 109. 






Strabane in H 




104 


flRaphoc 


5 


109 


Rofcommon^ 63. 






Mullingar in F - 


f 


37 


Racondra 


5 


42 


Moyvore - * - 


3 


45 


B Bally mahon 


3 


48 


Lanefborough 


9 


57 


B Rofcommon - . 


6 


•^3 


Rofs^ 71. 






Wexford in K 




57 


iRofs 


H 


71 


Sligo^ 90. 






Clonard in F 


f 


25 


Killukin 


5 


30 


High Park - - 


5 


35 


Bumbruffna 


4 


39 


Edgeworthftown 


6 


45 


11 Longford - ^ 


. 5 


50 


Newtownforbes 


2 


52 


Drumad 


5 


57 


Drumafnave ' - 


4 


61 


Jamcs*s-town 


1 


62 


11 Carrick on Shannon ^ - 


3 


65 


jBoyle - - - 


^7 


72 


Bailinafad • - ' 


3 


75 


^Caftleboylden 


3 


78 


Tubberfcanavan 


5 


83 


:Killooney ■ - - 


1 


•84 



Ballife- 



IRELAND. io5j 

BalHfedere - - 2 86 

iSUgo - - ^ 4 9P 

Another fVay^ 85. . 

Navan in C — - ; : f :\2^; 

Kells T - 7 29 

DalyVbridge - -- H' 4^! 

li Killefbandra - - iz gz 

Swadlinbar - -r J9 fc 

Florence-court - - ? ' 5l> % 

Manorhamilton - - ' vib..' T$\ 

Sligo - - V : /igl.i 85 

K . . -: .-o.: 1: 

Summer billy it. 

Kilcock in F - - : f 13 

JtSummerhill - - 1 /§ i| 

Sfrofigj^rdrjS: 

Dundalk in* A - - -j . f 40 

Newry - - ^9 49 

B Rathfriland - - 7 56 

CaftlewcUan - - . 7 63 

Clough - - - - 4; 67 

It Down Patrick - 5 72 

Strangford -, - v 6 7J 

TanderageCy 59^ 

Newry in A- -. * 49 

fl Tanderagee - - ^<> 59 

Cafhelin D . v ; . .^^ 

llTipperary : r: ^ ;^ 9 «j 

Armagh in H • -> - . g^ 

H Tynan - -, :,:.>5.. .68 

F 5 ' JVater- 



io€ R A. D S F 


mm^ 


Water/or dy 71. 




Qowran in D 


, ^ 


R Thomaftown 


6 56 


ItWateribrd 


tS 7» 


J^rxfordj 57. 




IfBray . . - 


f 9 


BKilcool . • - 


f6 15 


Newragh-brdge 


6 ti 


I^edcrofi - - •* 


8 21 


IIArkbw - -. 


$ 34 


:'Coo^ney 


3 37 


IIGorey - •»' 


4 4' 


Oulari - . ♦■ 


8 49 


<i:aftlebi-idge 


6 55 


|f:Wc||{ord - -- - 


a 57 


Am^er ff^^ SI- 




(iprofcy before- - / - 


41 


.Cloi^gh - - T 


2 43 


i^allifTiore - - - 
;Ballipfley - 


« 45 


1 46 


,-Oul vt • - - ■ 


$ 49 


'Wexford - -:.. 


8 57 


c Amtber ffayf^ sg. :. 




Gorey before '- . ■»•..»/:- 


4« 


' Ifeillycanow - - '. 


-i 3 44 


iWefls - - - - 


4 48 


Caftlebridge . .• ^ 


9 51 


^.Wexford-fe^ry - *^- i 


:. .a. ^9 


ii r) fFiekloWf 23. ': 


•- ■^■■^ . 


LeighKnftewn v ') -r'- -V n 


f 6 


fBray - - - - J" .:.• 


'f^'9 


.KilODoIe - - - - 


.-.£.,$• 15 


llWwidow : = 


f 8 23 


• •,-.v •- ^I 


Atutbcf 



I R E L A N p. 


107 


^ . ^Another fVay^ %%. 




Ncwc^ftl^i ' r ' . . 


f 9 
9lh 


Wickiow - - 


5 23 


You^a], 93. 




<3owran in I> -^ 


50 


Knoftogher 


9 59 


Carrickncfure 


» €tj 


'Kiiinadlhomas - - 


i V 


Dungaurvaa - ^ 


8 83 


jjcYougbal r 


la Si3 


• Another Wdy^ 93; 




Rtinet's-bridge in D 


55 


Erinifiiag - 
■Cells' "- - 


2 55 
« 56 


ICiln^kganciy t 


. 2 5» 


Ra'pemills ." - 


a €ck 


Carycl^nefure 


a 6« 


Dungairyaft - - 
tougiaY - ' - 
. ' Ahothtr W(tit wi. 


ai »3 
xo 93 




ClonmeljinD' - 


1+ 94 


1 Tallow , , - 


5 59' 


I'Mtdteton '• 


» 107 


1 .CaflJemartyi; , -: 


. *t^^ 



^npiftj^i)efQrc , , , , -; ! ii| 

Caftletnorrjes ,' ' ■-' " . - ' 3[/ 5* 

lRweraids<acK>fsthcmowntalns)' 2 60 

■^ ^ - ' tarrick- 



io8 R O A D S O F * 

Carricknefure - - 2 62 

The reft before * 31 93 

To Tougbal III, and Jo on along the itorcoaft 
to Baltimore^ 168. 
Wexford in K - .. - 57 

Rofs - - -14 71 

Watcrford . - - lO 81 

Kilmadlhomas - 10. 91 

Dungarvan ^ - 9 100 

Youghal ... - :H iti 

Midteton - •► - Ip fao 

Cork • - 10 130 

Bandon - - 12 142 

Timoleague - 5 147 

Rofcarbery - - S '5^ 

Abbyftowry ; - - ^ 8 164 

IBaltimcH'e - - 4 168 

The roads of Ireland have t^een of late 
years confiderably improved^ which has been 
attended with great advantage to Ireland, 
and has occafioned the improvement of our 
lands,' and thereby a great increafe to our 
trade and nianufadures ^ and nothing has 
encouraged the improvements in Ireland ^ 
much, as the ff^irit that has been exerted of 
late through the kingdom, not only in 
making all our old roads good and comntio-- 
dipus, but by cutting new ones through large 
diftrids where no roads were l^forfe', as ap- 
pears by the above account of i^he by^ and 
public roads thro' Ireland, l^hefe neW roads 
havebe^n a great acquifition to the public, 
of new countries and people, for thereby they 

are 



IRELAND. 16^ 

are encouraged to cultivate their ground, and 
bring the produce of it to market. The 
taxes rai fed upon the people of Ireland, have 
(as Ihave been informed by a gentleman 
in a public ftation, who has had the oppor- 
tunities, and made it his bufinefs to be truly 
informed) been rifing for many years lafl* 
paft, and that now it exceeds the fum of 
150,000/; yearly.' 

Natural productions pf the cmntypf Dublin. 
There are in the county of Dublin great 
quantities of barberries, which are efteemed 
a good pickle and a fweetmeat. 

On the mountains between Rathfamham' 
and Kilgobbtn, ^rc birch trees, the bark of 
^hich makes the faircft and beft coloured 
leather for bookfellers, by tanning Iheep' 
(kins dipt in an infufion of the fame liquor, 
and alfo tans fail-cloth and' makes it firm 
like leather. And a(h trees are alfo very" 
common in thi? county, the bark of which 
tans calf-ikins. On the banks rrear Powetf- 
covirt is found a itiofs calted corker, which 
dyes wdoF of a dull ciririifoii Colour. * 

Golderi ' osiers, which are of a pecuHar 
good quality,' are in great numbers on the 
banks of theLiflfey niear Chapelizod, plant- 
ed by WilHdm'Conelly, Efqi thefeareof 
fthgular <)exibHity,'aftd ari^ no? cotafrion lil 
any otb<r^xx)untyl - * ' ' ' : 
' Alder ' tries, ^ Which. ^groW tiffo • ih* t!ia% 
county,' the barW 6P vfrHich, with a Ifttic 
copperas, wSl dye woollens^ Kncn/tod cot- 
ton 



1X0 Natural PROoucrioNr oV 
ton, black, i he common htrath will dye 
woollen^ if boiled in aluoi^ of an oi^aog^ 
colonr. Ladies bed ilimw^ the roots of 
which are ufed in commpn in dying red 
Woad, a dye fiuff of great importance in 
^ying filk: and wool of a fine blue, when 
ufed with indigo^ and is alfo ufeful in dymg 
black. Yellow water flower de luce, is aUo 
found in this county, and ufed in dying 
black. 

If he malt of Ireland is reckoned tobeiiK 
ferior to that of England, it being compii- 
ted that two barrels of Englilh.malt will 
yield as much ale (and better in quality) as 
three of the Irilh, the grain here beii» not 
fxcjpcrly nwlfied, . The X>ubUn Society naFe 
^ncomaged an emfulation to ioipcoWiiidiis 
article. 

Within tfaefe few years porter, ale, and 
table beer ha v« been b^^wed iaDublin^viiudi' 
l^ve met with great eocpiira^ement^ there 
having an adl ktely fs^hid for efiaUiihiizg; 
pp^e^, ;(le andtaUe beier breweries; 

In moll pafi^a^pf li;ela^d are diftUleries 
wbere brandy, .genev^ and .whji}cey ^rc .di^ 
tlUed; the latter of which articles is^ on 
account of its being free from any adultera- 
Qonaxid t|i^ |>rpiilu6e ^ ,tlsiii^ ^ingdpm^. de* 
f^rvedly ^i^ee^d anfi^aoJ^ ^j^ thf^t^I^ 
the public of every .rank/ pr^i^^^yp^y witha. 
^V Wgfwf^np^iMag^fljip/Qt tQ^^eRcry c^rt 
totemrreafcithe jM59fR^ii^|{ qf.lflelan^. , 
. Sbararogk^ibeiifi^^ M |is»i.vciy ^p^ 

rifhing, 



IRELAND, ni 

rkhiogy ^nd was eaten by the antient Irifh^ 
before potatoes were commonly known. It 
is at prefent eaten by cattle and fhcep^ but 
not by fwine. On the 17 th of March, the 
Shamrock is worn in honour of St. Patrick 
by all Irifhraen. 

Hazel cmttles, ufcd in dying woollen 
doth, of a duraUe orange colour, is found 
h the county of Dublin ; where liorehound^ 
which gives a deep Uack colour to wool or 
filk, is alfo to be met with. As alio cup 
mofe, which will dye a purple. Burnet rofe 
to dye muflin and filk of a peach colour. 

Madder^ which with alum gives a dara^ 
ble red to liilen and cottons, is cultivated in 
the county of Dublin. Elder the juice of 
the berries dyes filk <^ a peach colour^ 
Common wormwood dyes white woollen of a 
brown colour. Sheep's forrel with coppera* 
dyes an olive colour. Blackberry alder 
dyes yellow. "BfLtk of barberry bu(b, a 
beautiful yellow. 

CURI OS IT lEa 

AflSiong the many curiofities wbidi[ a« 
bound in Ireland are the number of bean*, 
tiful lakes and inlets of the fea, which pron 
duqe great quantities of fiih : they are foe 
Ibemo^ partiaterij^ii^ withiflands embeJh 
lifted vqitb a great variety of ,n:truhs auf^ 
Ueea. The glyna,. qt deep parrpw-. vallies, 
tmoag the mountains^ whole ildes are 
«dofQfd wub woQd%;a94 tbe bottoms wa« 

tered 



112 Natural Curiosities op 
tered with chryftal ftreams, the moft re- 
markable of which is the juftly celebrated 
Glyn of the Downes in the county of 
Wicklow, which for beauty exceeds the 
moft florid dcfcripticm that can poflibly be 
given of it, and is the admirattoa of ftran- 
gcrs, who refort in great numbers to view 
It. There alfo arc many wonderful cataraAs, 
falls or falmon leaps, as they are generally 
called, from the falmon which, in the feafon 
of the year for fpawning, are continually 
. leaping over them. The Giants Cau&way, 
in the county of Antrim, is reckoned the 
moft curious as well as the moft furprifing 
curiofity in Europe. A total exemptkm 
from ferpents, or other venomous creatures, 
may with great propriety be reckoned 
a curiofity. The Irifh wolf dogs, and 
falcons^ are at prefent almoft eztind. 
The celebrated cave of Dunmore, near Kilr 
kenny, is alfo }uftly lo be reckoned a great 
curiofity. 

NATURAL CURIOSITIES. 

There are fome amazing large ftoneSi 
which are found in maiiy parts of the coun- 
ty of Louth, particularly near Bally mafcan- 
dan, about'two miles from Dundalk, who'c 
there is one of an enormous fize incumbent 
upon three others which are caHed GromJe- 
chcs; thefc ai-p plated over the /graves of 
fome emment men in former tiriies; and it 
evidently appears to be put there, for no 

other 



IRELAND. 113 

other piirpofe, becaufe the three ftoncs which 
fuftain the monftroiis one at the top, are fo 
fmall that if in the lead diftufbed, it would 
crufh every thing in its way. This large 
ftone meafured 12 feet one way and 4 the 
other. Rowland in his Mona Ahtiqua de-' 
rives the name Cromlech, from the Hebrew^ 
Caeraem-lech or Caerem-luach, a devoted 
ftone; See Jolhua, ch. viii. ver. ^t. 
Duet. xvit. 7. and Hofea xii. 2. 

About two miles from Bally mafcandan, 
near the two Druids Groves, was another 
of thefe kind of monuments, which having 
the top ftohe removed, difcovered the Ikelc- 
ton of a human figure, and part of a rod 
or infignia of the high office of the perfoa 
here interred. And at Balliiichan, near the 
above, another place of interment was 
difcovered. Throughout this county there 
are numerous monuments of antiquity, 
which would well deferve the attention of 
the learned to inveftigate : but the fmall 
fize of this hiftory will not permit me to ex- 
plain them more fully. Near Dundalk is a 
very antient Well, called Lady's Well, 
where the Roman Catholics affemble on the 
8th of September yearly, being their patron 
day.- 

NATURAL HISTORY. 

• Of quadrupeds there are the following. 
The Dormoufe, which derives its name from 
^ '. its 



114 NjtTUBiAi. HisTORi car 
its deeping in boles of the earth, the back 
of which is a palie redt and the belly MrUte* 
^ohnfon^ in hia Hiftoria Anwnajiaau men-^ 
tions the dormoufe as not tabe met with in 
Ireland* nor could live in hoaft^ built oC 
Irilh oak ; but in thefe particulars he » 
Hiuch miftaken. The Water Alh, (called 
fa> the French a Salamander,, fron it& fufK 
pafed quality of refiftif« tlie efFca: of fircj^ 
has been found here; it is on the back bliack,. 
the belly yellow, wd the tail flat, and fervcs. 
it as a rudder, beiog an amphibious animaL 
The Mooi!e Deer was foroierly very oom^ 
tnon in Irelandy but, they are now quite ex^ 
tind It they weite very handfome creacutesy. 
fome of them iz feet high^ with exceeding 
fair horns, and broad palms, generally frota 
8 to 12 feet frcHn the tip of one horn tatbe 
other. Jocelyn in his defcription of New 
England rarities, fays this anuBal is knowa 
k) the Weft-Indies by the name of NAoofe, 
The manner in which the Indiams bunt thetax 
is this : they roufe him pf a winter's day« 
and run him down fometimes in half and 
fcwnetimcs a whole day when tlie ground is 
covered with fnow, which ufually lies there 
4 feet deep; thebeaft being very heavy finka 
every ftep as he runs» breaking down trees 
as large as a man*s thigh with his horns : at 
length they get up with him, and darting 
their lances wound it, fo that the creature^, 
fpent with the lofe of Uood and cmite tired» 
iiinkaand&Us.Uk^ a tulaed buildings mfkingp 

the 



IPIIIIIIIII HI I Winn IN. 

IRELAND. 115 

the earth fliakc imder him. The horns and 
fern are valtiabte, but th€ meat is coarfe^ 
and has fomething of the tafte €>f venifon. 

The Moofe E)cer*8 horns have been fre« 
quently found in the different bogs in this 
kingdom, fcvcral feel deep in turf. There 
is a large pair of them, at Sirjohn Bellew's 
at Barmeath near Dunleer. Three of them 
were found at Dardiftown in the county of 
Meath ; one was found in the county of 
Clare, and prefented by the late duke of 
Ormond to' king Charles II. one at Bally* 
mackward near BaHyfhannoii, in the county 
of Fermanagh ; tvifo at Mr. Rrch's at Tur- 
▼cy near EKiWin; one at Portumnaia the 
county of Galway 5 one at lord Mountjoy's 
near Newtown-Stewaid ; one at Mr. Sou- 
therby's near Dunleer. A pair of thefe cu- 
rious horns are at lord Limerick's at bun-* 
<felk, B feet wide. 

^ Thus much in general of the naturkt cti- 
rioiities of this kingdom, for which perhaps, 
^ country in Europe is more remarkable. 
The moft worthy of note of the antiquities 
and artificial curk^ities are, the tall (lender 
towers built of linne and ftone which are 
difperfed through the different parts of the 
country. Some of the moft remarkable are 
nitntioned at large in the defcripiion of the' 
counties in which they are found ; and in 
the accounts of the prefect ftate of ail the 
different provinces, counties, cities, towns, 
^^« particular attention is ob&rved to relate 

impar- 



ii6 COINS OF 

impartially their advantages as well astfadr 
defers, where the traveller will always find^ 
what is defcribed to be in the manner as k 
related. 

Military Establishment op Ikz- 
LAN.P, 1780. 

4 Regiments 6f Horfe. 

8 Regiments of Dragoons. 

27 Regiments of Foot, befides (evenil 
other Regiments (erving abroad. 

Independent Companies of Volunteers aie 
particularly mentioned under the rcfpcc- 
tive counties in which they have been raiifed. 

COINS. 

King John in the year 1210, caufed pence 
6nd farthings to be coined in Ireland, of the 
fame ftandard arid finenefs as thofe of Eng- 
land, and to be of equal currency in botb 
kingdoms. On this coin was the king's 
head in a triangle, infcribed Johannes Rex^ 
and on the reverfe a crefcent and bright 
planet, with the mint mailer's name, Roberi. 
On. Dive, for Dublin or D.ivelin, with three 
fmail ftars in a triangle, which triangle is 
fuppofed to reprefent a harp^ the arms of 
Ireland ; but it was imperfedtly imprefled 
on the Irifli. coins of John, Henry ill. and 
Edward I. The ounce of filver at this time 
was ZQd. fterling. A new coin was ftampe- 

* cd 



1 R E L A 14 D. 117 

cd in Dublin, in 1251, bearing the king's 
head in a triangle, or three cornered harp, 
i^ith this infcription, Wenricus Rex HI. on 
the reverfe a crofs dividing a penny into 4 
farthings, with Richard on Dive. Edward 
I. fixed a ftandard for coin • on one fide 
l>earing the impreflion of the king's face 
within a triangle, infcribed Edward R. An* 
glo. Dans. Hib. on the reverfe a crofs with 
Civitas Dublinii, Twopences and pence 
were coined in Dublin in 1540, which bore 
an arched crown over the arnas of England 
and France quartered, infcribed Henricus 
VIII. D. G. AgL the reverfe a crowned 
tiarp between the letters H R both crowned^ 
and thtsiufcription Franciae. Dotninus Hiber^ 
mia. But the following year the parliament 
altered the title of lord of 'rehnd, into 
king of Ireland, which occafioned this al- 
teration in the coin, the infcHption being 
thus, Henricus VIII, Dei. Gratia. Anglia. 
Reverfe, Francia, et Hibernia, Rex. In 
1689 were coined by K. James II. a great 
quantity of bafe metal, which pafled for 
half a crown, infcribed Jacobus 11. DeiGra" 
tia^ on the reverfe /. R. Mag, Br. Pra. et 
Hib. Rex. Above the crown XXX. de- 
nating its pafflng for '^o pence. The (hil- 
lings and fixpences were the fame. In the 
latter end of that year, crown pieces were 
ordered to be coined of this bale metal, the 
infcriptions of which were, Jac. II. Dei 
^ra. Mag. Brit. Fra. et. Hib. Rex. on 

the 




ii8 AIR AND SOIL OP 
the revcrfe a crown imperial guarded wtb 
the arms of England, Ireland, France, aod 
Scotland, AnmDvm. 1690, tnfcri bed Cfrr^ 
yiQoreTriumpba ; it appears there were coinoi 
of this money tothe value of near 966^000!. 
With this coin the foldiers of K. Jameaiy 
army were paid, and the tradefmen wesd 
under the difagreeable neceffity of taking it|{ 
by which according to a xeafonable com 
tation they fuftained a lofs of near fifty 
cent, and thofe who refu(ed taking it Vi 
frequently made prifoners by order of 
governor of Dublin, Coins of pewter wcml 
alfo iiTued in 1690, to pafs tor crowing 
infcribed MtUoris Tejfera fati ^no Rfpi ; 
Se^tii thefe pewter pieces arc now vcqf| 
fcarce. Since this period the coins of Eng- 
land have always palled in Ireland. 

AIR and SOIL. 

The air of Ireland is fuxnlar to pwt of 
the fouth of England,, and is now contiim- 
ally improving, as the inhabitants arc ib- 
t}uently draining the bogs and fenny 
grounds. It ini« be however confcfled, 
that the coolnefs of it in fununer is attend- 
ed with this difadvantage, that the corn and 
fruits are not fo foon ripened as in Eogland. 
Sotpe of the bogs yet remain vmdraiocd of 
which there are fcveral Ibrtg^ ibmc are co- 
vered wixb graf% others with reeds and 
ruflies, and (ome with little fhrubs^ intcr- 
fperfed with water. Many q( them yidd 

good 



I 



IP 



IRELAND. ti9 

^ood turf, and in otiiere wlifcli are called 
«cl bogs, «rc found large fir and other trees ; 
tJWt the woods ate but few at prefent to 

^^L'tF.?"*^ ^^'^^ years ago.*^ ft is te- 
yarkabic that no venemons creatures, as 
inafces, toads, fpders or moles wiIMiveh^re. 

torm^ *-5t ''^^^ *" '^'^^ ^^' no 
2^ Ti K S^ nortWand eaftern counties 
»e the beft culnvated and encfofed, the 
^.fertHe, populous, flourifhing and in- 
^ftrwus; and, except in the province of 
<Jlftcr, where thelinen manHfadure ingroffes 
tfteir princtpal attention, gracing, efpedallv 
Wack cattle, is the chief em^;ynSrt 3 
the peafants all over Ireland. The climate 
tnerelope of this kmgdom differs very little 
troth thatof En^and, and would be Auch 
lefs fo were the foU equally improved, beine 
^ery fruitful-in com, few countries pwducinS 
finer gram than that raifed in the well impr<^ 
ved parts; and efpeclally grafi, which is the 
principal reafon of the infinite number of 
black cattle artd fteep here bred, particular- 
ly Jfl the province of Connau^t. 

In this kingdom are many beautiful lakes, 
iJoth frefli and fait water ones, and is finely 
watered wuh large and pleafant rivers. 

The venerable Bede, a writer of the "Sth ' 

^}'^*JT *' *"** •*• ^'f ii«'«nd much 
furpalTeth Britain in the healthfulnefs and 

^^ fcrenity of it, and that fnow is fcldom to 
be feen thei^ above thiree days continu- 
ance;" With this account alfo agrees 

Orofios, a writer of great antiquity: **That 



♦' in 



J20 AIR AND SOIL OP 
*' in the temperature of the air and foJ^HB 
♦' much to be preferred to Britam." Ginl- 
dus Cambtenfisfays, " That it isof all otte 
*' countries the moft temperate, where n«- 
«♦ ther the fcorching heats of Camer dn« 
«» men to the (hade, nor the piercing coUd 
«* Gtt>r»Vor» to the fire; thatfnowisunufoj 
« and continues but a Ihort time i tbemiW- 
« nefs of the air fo great, that we feci 4e 
«* effeas neither of infefting clouds nor pel- 
«* tilential vapours." And in another pto 
he fays, " That nature hath been morefr 
•• vourable than ordinary to this kingdoms 
♦* Zephyrus." And it appears from thetj i 
timony of other writer? of unqueftioiwble 
authoriyi that the air of Ireland, hathalwj* | 
been efteemed falutary : and perhaps wW 
in a great meafure contributes to this, is» 
total exemption from all venomous ct^'ij* 
and it feemsin fome meafureto be coBhwiw 
by this, that the meadows and fields appear 
green in the midft of printer, and the a«K 
are every day driven put to paftyre, unW 
when the land is covered with fnow, wd'* 
feldom happens. . 

Thun cr is not very common here, »" 
an earthquake feldom or never felt. ^ 
fome years I have remarked that the air f««* 
to be in general more moift than that of E»- 
gland, and is more fubjedk to wind, clou« 
and rain, than to froft and fnow ; whichq"*" 
lilies arc moft probably occafioned by w 
numerous lakes, bogs and marches, wb'" 
have hitherto o&en proved fatal to foretgD"^ 

i 



I R £ LA N D. ui 

by throwing them into'fluxcs and dyfenteries^ 
to wbich caule hath been- by many imputed 
the tefe of (6 rtiaiiy thouiands of. mto! 
uDatidalk, iache Campaign of 1689, un« 
ler Puke Sc^hooiberg. It is acknow- 
ledged .that? thefoitof Ireland in generalis 
[ruitful, perliaps beyond that-of England it- 
felf, when properly cultivated^ which k 
becoming evsery day more C>. Paflturagc, 
Ullage atid m^^adow ground abound in this 
kin^om :.but tin of late years tillage was 
HDomucb ntgtedted, ttio* the ground is really* 
cxcellenc for the culture of all grains. In the 
north part of Irelandilaxandhempatenow 
raifed in great abundance, in confequence of 
the premiums given to the hojdcrs_of Jand, 
by that truly- patriotic body the Dublin So- 
Qtdty., Jirhtch'vhathi'beea^already •experienced 
to be produdtkve of infihvte advantages to the 
Snen manufadtiue, The^ilanpfe refpedlable 
fociety have granted t^any premiums fpr fe- 
deral] ^eats i p^ to /the :reolaimers of '^bog, 
which has^ianfvirei^ their ^^udable:defign€, 
for conliderable numbers of acres haye^bcen 
feclaimeit aWcdiivcrted into good meadow 
ground, -particularly in thte provinces of tll- 
tlcr and Coimaugbt ; which no doubt has 
l)ecti a.great means of.amending the air of 
diisiflatid:.forl|lii»^ obferves,' ithe farn6ad- 
^Dtages^ attetlded cte^ir, about Philippic 
ty^dcaJHSi^-the rbogs andr.feiiiny grounds. 
Spiclthk' BoW: ihe climate :of Ireland is 
H^ftfy reckoned to be conliderably correded 
>A proportion i as the country is improved. 
G The 



122 - CAPES OR HEAD^XANbS OP 
The foil is very various in thiii kingdom, for 
it appears to be chiefly gravel and loam, fre- 
quently clay, fometimes ilaty and ficMiy, 
fometimes &ndy« and in ^others aiine ladi 
mould, very r^ely mar (h]^ or bc^y txcefii 
in fuch counties where it is efpecially ; men- 
tioned to be fo. Wherever there are moua- 
tains, the fides are a poorer foil, yet yieU 
hay of a l^eet fineli, and is often intermixed 
with white trefoyL . And as in the courfe of 
this work particular attention is paid to the 
prefent flate of each county, therefore fudi 
lands as are very rich are as fuch particular* 
ifed, as are alfo tbofe in a contrary poor 
condition* 

M E A S U R E of LjA N D. . 
The difference between aciiea of^ Engfifli 
ilatute meafure and Irifli acres» are as i6 
and an half £ngli(h to 21 Iri(h, and is held to 
bear proportion to England and Wales as 18 
to 3Q.— Meafuretnent of Milesi i Irilh liuks 
bear prbpertion to 14 EngUfh Milea. 

CAPES or HEAD-LANDS. 

As the great utility to Navigators of tfarir 
beiDg acquainted with thedif&^theadknds 
which boiranear.refemblanceto mountains, 
is very obvious^ :;iti may i)e. proper, theiefore 
to point out the principil df them;— —Fair 
Head.or Fair hordand, thermoft north eaflera 
cape of all Ireland, fpcmsonefideof tbeboy 
of Ballycaftle, as Kean JBane, or the:Whitc 
Cape, much lower does the other* Enifton 

Head 



I R E L; A NiP. raj 

Head in the coiinty of Donegjil . Cape Hfor^ 
and Telen Head in the fame, county. ; Slime 
Head or Slin Head in the county of Galway. 
Loop Head or Cape Lain» at the mouth of the 
Shannon. Cape Dorfes the moft fouth weft 
cape of Ireland) ip the Dorf^ iHai^d between 
the bay $ of Kilinaine and Bantry, . Miflfipa 
Head, the Notium of Ptolemy.| rn tbe^county 
of Cork, Cape Courcy, or the Old Head 
of Kingfale, , Ajdmore Head formi-ng^ the 
caft fide, of the bay of YoughalL • Arklow 
Head*. Wick|ow Head, Bray Head ncaf 
DubltQ, rand the Hill of Howth which form? 
the north fidei on the entrance into Dubiin 
harbour. St. John's Foreland, a law cape in 
the county of Down^ with many others of 
rmaller.note. : . , . :,^ 

'' ::;| e- t vjI'-e; ti'^i:, ,/: 

J ^ Thi^ principal jriyer is the Shannon, which 
rifea from' Lough Alley n, in thq;. province 
-of Connaugbt^ diykJes it from Leinfter rand 
Manftei?,:(bu,t;i6 (ai$l ,<o tak^ its beg\nnKjg 
j<Wtf)g^^.'ridgpofm<?ai|taies<?alled §^?u Nerrp 
in thefbarQfly<»f^ Dmmahai)?^ aud cpjunty of 
Xeitnm^ aii^ rui3§ into Lough All^yn) and 
iafter a'icourfe ;of ©car 1,50 -miles, runpjng 
rlhypough fevcral lakes, . falls into the Atjaatic 
Ocean. Bet\yeen Kerry Poipx, an^ . Lopp 
;H^d.i;th?re is ^. ridge pfl^rock? wjii9h^9es 

Joii^ fieadfor the ufe of navigators. 



kH R \I 'V E R S M 
acrofe tWsbeautifol rUtr near'Ktllaloe, wiw^ 
ftdps all ;navigation further up. The L^ 
or Anrfa Liffey rifes from the motmtatfis 
near theSeveh Churches in the 'county rf 
W!ckIo>y, and making a circling conift 
ilhrough that county, . rtiais through ihe 
thy of DuiiRh, where it fornrls a (pacioilS'baf* 
bour and 'afterwards falls into the bay ef 
CuMih. The Boyhe is a mucfi more con- 
fid^ablt Tiyer riian the Liffy^ 'it rifesnear 
eiaribullgge in the ^Kipg^s^ ^county and &Bs 
imo thefe^ at.liro^heda. ^^^^ ^ 

Neor af?d the' 'Sunt arife bw of a'*nmm- 
tain trailed Slieu H'oorn in the bil«©ny -of Te- 
^trehin^h arid Queen's county, which lakedf^ 
ferent courfes and meet at the feiv^en of W4- 
terford where they run into theTea.' Tte 
company of undprtaker? pf the Grand Cand 
are. now pn6ceed5ng m th^ir defign of cutting 
^ cohimtFA^featibh wfth'^Ytf-rft^s Bitirow and 
^yft^, \Vhfch will be of 'ria'tioiial utility. 
i TW^BIack-^ater, iamien^ly <aiM^^ 
Jand Aibhanm6re,^/.<'lf. -th^ ^gi^tt river,. »4!ii 
^fometifhek,ihe'Br0ad'*WSilet;v tHfetdut irflhc 
jrtidLuntaift.s 6f- Sli^ji LegberHh the edunty rf 
^*rry/ frbm whence i-t'tak^ei a^feiiiherly d^ 
reiaibrf atid^^ari' ^aftward t>y ^Mallow -arf 
Femi6y/'and from ^ lifmofe to Cappocjiriii 
^veflels of confiderable burthen nf»y <ail- up, 
as « ^iTOtft ii fefet deep -at hi>»^WBter, and 
fmaller . veffels can ^6- confidcrably farther : 
At Cappoqirin ir'%rhrt4rtcw-Tr' fcrathe^ 
coiurfe and falls into tfie-Rd'^^t Tougliali 

Ani 



I R.,E L, A N D. 125 

And tl^rc are fevepal oUier fivers, i ft. one 
which runs throu^. the county of Armagh 
and rutts into Lough Neagh. ^i One which 
rifes in the county of Longford and falls in- 
to the river Shannon, north of Lanefborough. 
3* One which rifes in the county of We»- 
ford ape) falls into the fea at Bannow bay,> 10 
miles fouth weft of Wexford^ 4. One ia 
the county of Meath^ which foils into the 
Boyne at Navan. 

Lefy^ river fo called iathe county of Cbrk^ 
which rifes out of a lake -in Mu(kcrry\ about 
81 miles weft of that city and running eaft 
about 26 miles, furrounds feveral Iflands;on 
which part of Cork is built and then terniK 
pates in the fea ^ in many maps this river is 
marked by the name of Lough-Allin,.^ and 
oihecs I/)ugh-Lua, it is called alfo L^gi and 
io^ latin Livius. 

Bandofi River rifes about 8 miles (buth 
weft of Cork, and running through a market 
and poft town, in that county called Bandon 
Bridge, falls into the fea. ,, 

There are many other rivers in Irdandf 
beiides the principal one's which are already 
mentioned, viz. In the county of Rofcpnv* 
mon is the Poyle and' the Suck. In thfi 
county of Longford is the Camlin and Shar<^ 
roge. In Weftmeath the Inny. In tho 
King's county the two rivers Brofnagh, and 
the Mage, Deel, Smirlagh,. Feale, Gaily, 
Cafliin and Bruck on the Limerick suid 
Kerry fide, and the Fergus on the Cl^re 
G i with 



> 



126 L A K E 'S m 

with a confiderablc number of fmallcr ones: 
but the natives and geographers drffer, not on- 
ly in their importance and utility but in their 
names. The beautiful appearance that fo 
many fine rivers give to this kingdom veri- 
fies the difcription given of it by Spencer the 
juftly celebrated Englifh Poet, who (ays, 
** Sure h is a moft beautiful and fwect 
*' country (Ireland) as any is under heaven, 
" being ft rowed throughout with many coed* 
** ly rivefs, repleniftied with all forts or fifti 
** moft abundantly, fprinkled with many 
" fweet iflands and goodly lakes, like little 
*' inland fcas, that will carry even (hips upon 
*^ their waters, adorned with goodly woods 
•* even fit for building houfes and fhips, fb 
" commodioufly as that if fome princes in the 
*• world had them they would foon hope to 
** to be lords of all the feas and ere long of 
" all the world : Alfo full of very good ports 
** and havens opening upon England as in- 
«* viting us to come unto them to fee what 
^* excellent commodities that country can 
•• afford : Befides the foil itfelf moft fertile ; 
** fit to yeild all kinds of fruit that (hall be 
*« committed thereunto. And laftly, the 
** heavens moft mild and temperate though 
*' fomewhat more moift in the parts towards 
** the weft." 

LAKES. 

Ireland contains an innumerable num- 
ber of lakes or loughs (as they are here 
' ' called) 



IRELAND. 127 

called),particularly in the provinces of Ulftcr 
and Connaught, more perhaps than in any 
other country of the fame extent in the 
vrorld ; many of them produce great num- 
bers of large fifli excellent in their refpeftive 
kinds. Some of the fmaller lakes are in the 
counties- of DoWn, Weftmeath, Donejgal 
^nd Kerry, but the mod confiderablc is 
Lough-Neagh which comrnunicates itfelf 
with five feveral counties, namely, Armagh, 
Tyrone, Derry, Antrim and Down, and is 
remarkable for two properties, ift, for cur- 
ing perfons afflt£ted with evils, &c. And 
fccondly, for petrifying wood ; the petrifying 
virtue is owing to certain mineral exhalations 
common both to the water and to the foil, 
and doth not feem to refide peculiarly ih the 
water of the Lough, but the mod beautiful 
lake in the whole kingdom is the lake of Kil« 
larney, in the county of Kerry. The pecu- 
liar beauties of this lake is particularly point- 
ed out in that part of this work which treats 
of the county of Kerry. 

FORTS and GARRISONS. 

Londonderry and Culmore, Corke, Li- 
merick, Kingfale, Duncannon, Rofs Caille, 
Dublin, Chaflemont, Galway, Carrickfer- 
gus, Maryborough, Athlone, and Caftle- 
main. 

G 4 MOUN- 



1 



ixi/ M O U NT A I N S op 

MOUNT A i N S. 

There ar€ three kinds of mountains in 
Ireland known by the names of the Knock, 
Slieve and fieinn, the firft fignifying a low 
Mh the fecond a higfi craggy mouniaiD, 
and the third a piuiracle, ov mountaia; end- 
ing with a fharp precipice; the Engjiifli 
aalls tbern^ by two names only, Hill and 
Mountain, in the fame fenfe the Latins ufe 
Callis^and Mons; and the Greeks^ B^ns 
and Ofj»«. Inftances of the grft kind I have 
feea in that extent of coaintry of about tea 
mites from Kells in the county of Meatb, to 
Baliiborough in the county of Cavan, betag 
daecoHiiuuedchaiH of hills of fmall ekvaMOi 
and tbe lands adjoining very fruitful; near 
and Down Patrick many billsi of the fame 
Dsagnitud^e. Of the, fecend kind are the 
mountains of CacKngfprd, extending from 
Dundalk to thatrpldce, which though not 
equal to the Pyrei^e/^s between France and 
Spain, or to the Alps which divide Italy from 
France and Germany, yet may juftly be 
^ efteeraed among the lofty mountains* There 
are others which dfeferve mentioning, viz. 
thofe io tbecouiity of Wicklow; particularly 
Si^dr Loaf HilU which is 17 miles: from 
Dublin, In the coumy of Tyfcnc the Slieu- 
galen mountains. In the county of Tippe- 
rary thofe of Gaulty, and Slieubloom, which, 
extend through the King's and Queen's 
eouuties, and is mentioned by the im- 
mortal 



B R E E A N D- ' v^i*9 

rai Spencen in his Fairy; Qyejen. ln\ 
county of Kofry^- ^tthfi' tc\^h^^<^'^ 
Killarney-i are alfo^man-y* aimi&iBg ii(%«« pf 
momtains: called N41an^f<on ;\ i^Dd/ ifl the\ 
county of Etownthofe oT Mwrne wdilv^fithti 
which may be reckoned arnQng. tfif third' 
clafs of mountains for their amazing magni- 
tiJde- as^alfoSlikiiTI>onardiniihcr{amiecDiW^ 
which, haa.been calculdif!^ sM: 'm jjer^pendicufar _ 
height tO' be upwards of ^ih€>u£gkad yafds v 
it ends in an- abrupt p^ecifsiee; whicfe hyt, 
tbecuFiGfits; is: looked iip0Br as nearl}^ eqioat 
iorpotnii of curiofity txx the fartiou^ P^ke of 
TeneiifE;. in thttoountiy of Me^Q/aw-likp-^i 
Wife the wonderful moimittainSLof Grpagji Pa-^ 
Uicki ia tbgrxouniksoi^RofeocitiKma^ Sligo/: 
rirofcrcadled dipC6«lie\y«|. wkfcHMHij c*hefSi 
whidifoi? ^i\m feke rf hrwi^ I 9mk eojU'- 
ncraring^: thder mpiuatftiiQir am €|f ftngf^ 
uiiiitjf,. im firmngf as altanbies^. .whe^e va- 
pwusi eirhafedr from irhe fum are condeafed* 
im^daudsyaflddefeeod m(lai(^e]^ to rcodi^ 
the earttefiroirftib} aiiiui ttr them wj^aire ii^. 
d^bted ajfb fi>f thA origin of fouiUain?,. 
'iprbgs, ciiniletit* and rivers eS fo much iny^ 
portance to hnman bir. OhieverM moiin^ 
tains in tfaiflt kiogckxn^ goatd arQ« bred> an<^ 
thefcids^dfeTwadby the peopte a<$|iaem,|tbfa^ 
fl^ ofi which Ji^ pre&mbte to femW: Sas 
*fa pnrpofe tilery afc takali in^o tha houfiw 
l*«fcatly after they are drop«^ and fed witfi^ 
cowamilk fpouited mta their mmAis^$wi^ 
QQi fufiercii to^taib their ax^ors' miy^- 
G 5 Juvenal 



I30 Mikes and Mikerals ik 
Juvenal in his fecond Satire mentions tUs 
fpecies of luxury among the Romans. 
Dc Tiburtino venia pinguiffimus agro 
liaduluSf & toto grege mollior 4nfcius berb^e 
Uecdumaufus virgas bumilis morderc faliai 
^i plus kilts babef quamfanguinis. 

M I N E S and M I N E R A L S. 
There are in the feveral mountains of this 
country generated beds of minerals, coals^ 
quarries of large black ftone, and flates 
which will bear a polifli nearly equal to mar- 
ble. Alfo in the county of Kilkenny a pecu- 
liar kind of marble which is of infinite advan- 
tage to Ireland \ befides in fome of the 
larger mountains are found veins of iron, 
lead and^opper j and, in 1773, the moun- 
tains near Lucan in the county of Dublin 
having been examined, a vein of coals has 
been difcovered \ fome of thefe I faw, and 
they appear nearly equal to thofe of New- 
caftle ; if a fufHcient quantity can be got it 
will be of confiderable ufe to that part of the 
country particularly. At the Giant's Caufe- 
way are to be met with, touchftones of lin- 
gular advantage in trying the purity of gold. 
At Bleffinton and Rathcool are fireftonefbr 
chimney pieces. A grey and red flaty (tone 
are got from Ireland's-Eye, an ifland in the 
bax of Dublin. At Knockfedan are quarries 
of building ftone of the length of fix feet, and 
on the banks of the Grand Canal are alio 
great quantities of it. The Granite, a white 

building 



IRELAND. 131 

buHding ftone which hardens the more it is 
cxpofed to the weather, are met with in the 
counties of Dublin, AVickfow and Wexford;, 
thefe are ufed in the buildings in the city of 
Dublin. 

Pipc^<:lay has been found in many parts 
of^ Ireland, which hath been exported to 
France and England for the purpofc of ma-^ 
king tha^fccautiful yellow ware called Paris.' 
ware.- But in Dublin they make at prefent • 
this wafre, which is much efteemed,, There 
are many forts of this pipe clay, fomeof 
which will take greafe out of cloths, and 
may be accounted among the number of 
fmegmatic earths, but fall (hort of fuller's 
earth in timt refpedt, a mjaterial much wanted 
here^ and which it would be^of the created: 
importance to our cloth- workers to difcover,^. 
for which purpofe the Dublin Society have 
offered premiums to induce perfons to fearch. 
for it. ;, Its chief charafter is thatit has not* 
the leaift fand orgKavel, but will intirdy dit* 
fplve in water, which is the principal reafon; 
it is fo.ufefuLin fcourir^ x)f cloth ; if pipe 
clay was well fep^ratedfVom its fand, it is 
pcobable it might ferve the purpofe of fuller's 
. earth in cleaning, of cloth \ to feparate tbo 
fand from. it^ it imight be* diflblved in fisiir. 
water, and after the mixture ts well fettled,, 
it might be decanted ofif from the giitty pa^ts 
whic^by theu; weight fbon fall tptbe.bottpm.> 

MINERALS, 



132 MINERALS in 

MINERALS, &c. 

Vitriol, green, is frequently found about 
the mines in the county of Wicklbw, and 
at the lead mine at Cloghran in this county. 
Copper is alfo found at Cloghran. Copper 
ore is aUb found at Lougfhinny near Rtifb, 
beflde iron mine. The Kerry (lone is to 
be found at Loughfliinny. Rock cryftal 
is found at a lead mine at Caftleknock, and 
aJfo in a quarry at Rahenny, Limeftone is 
to be met with in the neighbourhood of Dub* 
liti and in great plenty, it fuppH^ better 
lime and ftronger cement than that made of 
chalk, and that which is taken fix>m the 
cjnarrfes at the Hill of Howth, at Swords, 
ftc. bear a poIiHi approaching' to marble ; 
the dark brown^ grey and Wackilh Hnnte, 
thou|h difficult and expenfive to bum, is 
ufed m building bridges, churches or hc^pi* 
tals, bec^ufe it jprefently turns hard after 
burning and is ot perpetual duration.- Mar- 
ble of a fine black, variegated A^ith white, is^ 
ifact with at Loughfliinny, Malahidfe, Kit- 
craghnea, Doriabate, dnd' Kilkehtay^, which^ 
liikes a mod! beautiful poIilB. Sliette and 
building ftone are in griat pWnty in the 
ileighbourhood of Dublin. . Lead'orfe iisl foun* 
at the Hill of HbWth^nd at ©alkcy. - 

So much cbhnedliort is there between Eh- 
g^Hd isndF Ifeland that tt is' prtfntQti tfte 
]K)llowing account of the roads from Hdyt 
Head to London, &c. may be acceptable. 

Travelling 



I R EL A N D. 133 

traveJling Road from Parkgate /o" Chefter 

: 12 miles. From • CHESTER to LON* 

^ DON, i8t, mo/tiy Stone Mfles. 

Stage Coacb front London or Cheftery>/j up. 

Hehley - - ^' 

Whitechurch - - 12 20 

Ternhill - . ,0-0 

Newport . r - , jo ^ 

lyeffeyFanfc - - -' « ?q 

FoUrCroffes - - |- TS 

y^iMhH&p -- fig 

Caftle Bromwich - 10 75 

Meredon - - 8 g* 

• Coventry - - g gj 

Dunchurch - " • i'2' Vol 

Davcnti*y - " i g ,09 

. Forftcr!s Booth ^- , g^ ^,r 

Towceffcr ^ • - 4 i2^ 

Stony Stratford - -^ g j^ 

Shainley Inns * . - 4122 

Pehny Stratfoni* ;. " \t%l 

Hocfcleyi'th'hofe • ■ - 'tiii 
.Dunftable. - _ frll 






mW% ro/j<^r<»w HolyKead /o Cfefllcr, 8^. 
^Mpont-bridge - ' .- * \ 

Llangefni 



,34 ROADS OF 

Llangeftil „ - " f »J 

BaoMf Fewy Houfct - » aft 

Kngor over the Ferry, -t>ind half or 2 28 

IVater.Afipfrcbtsiread. . 

Penmacnmawr Inn - 9 37 

Over the precipice to the other Inn - 

I and qnartcr or. - i - 3* 

Conway Ferry ,' , , ^ 

ff^aUr.SOffrcbes broads 

BettwB - - \ 2 

St. Afiiph - - »-^ 

BrickhiU - - 5 05 

Northorp' - " «» 75 

Hawerdett - - 5 f 

Bretton -■ , " . 3 . »3 
C3jeft«r-bridge over Saltiiy MarCb , 

4 and quarter, or „. , ' ^ , + ''V 
J\^. B. Entertainment at all thofeplaces, and 

no ftop by tides. 
Conway, brfore ,^, . . \ . ,^- 

^ben over Rhydland-Marfh, tbrougb Jmt 
/mall towns to HoiyvieWt <i»«i Flint, ani«o» 
tbe Lower Ferry c» /*/ New River,.. /» 

Chcfter. . ., « 

Frclh horfes fX Holywell if. Aey tidcpQft. 

turnpike road fromOax&et to Conway, 52. 
Mold - -- i-- " 

Denbigh - " 'Ji 

Llanfanan - " • » Sj 

TuUucafn - - 12 48 

Conway r • ' ^ A A* 

Turnpiht 



ENGLAND, 135 

Turnpike road from- Bangor Ferry Hbufc t$. 

Holybeady 25. 
Llangefni - - f p., 

Gwyndu half way - f sh 1 2h 

Holyhead - f izh 25 . 

Po/i road from Holyhead to London, z6^ 
meafured or ftone-miles. 

To Llannerchmedd, over the Ferry to 
Bangor, to Conway, Denbigh, and 
thorp, then 

Chcfter - • 87 

Nantwich - - 20 107 

Stone - - 22 129 

Litchfield * - 22 151 

Coleftiill - - 15 1 65 

Coventry - - 11 i^f 

Daventry • - 20 197 

Towcefter - - 12 209 

Fenny Stratford - 15 224 

Dunftablc - - 11 235 

St. Albania - - 13 24* 

Barnet - - lO 258 

LONDON • - II 269 

Another IVaij^ 269. 
Gwyndu, or Half-way Houfe in 

the We of Andefey -, la 

Bangor over the Ferry - 14 26 

Conway - - 16 42 

Denby - - 20 62 

Northrop - - 16 78 

Chefter 



136 WAT B R S OF 

.Chefter^ - -- 12 90 

•"^Tarpoly^ - •• 10- 100 

Nantwich - « 10 110 

f Orre ^ - - • 9^9. 

■ Stone - - - 12 131 ' 

• Woofley-bridge - - 12 14J 

Litchfidd — - ^ 8 151 

Colertiiil - - - xg 166 

Coventry •- -- 11 177* 

•"Diinchurch : -■ i^iSp. 

Daventry - - - 8 197 

LONDON before - - . 72 269^ 
♦ Poll Hbrfes or ChSifes may be had. 

WATERS. 

At Finglas fn the county of Dublin is t • 
^well of water called St. Patrick's Well, 
*rhtch has been by experience proved to be- 
very eiGcacious in the cure of fore eyes and 
many other difbrders. Purging waters are 
fcrbe found at Kilfinvalftialley near Maguirc'f 
SriSgt,^ in the" county " of Fermanagh^ at 
ptmbohrover Tn the parifh of Bacfonic in the 
tounty of Tyrone, and others in the Anic 
ioitnty; about midway Between Newtown- 
Stewart and Omagh^ and others at Gran- 
Ihaw near Donaghadee in the co. Down : 
thefc haVc been known to have retained 
fteir original ferruginous talte. An excel- 
fcnt Chalybeate SpOL is in Praneis-ftreet, 
Eteblin, which" is juflfy efteemed for its 
many virtues. The \/ater at Lucan near 
Dublin haa been experi^ced to cure thofe 

affliaed 



I R E' L A^N D;l *if 

aflfi<fted with the rheumatifm^ ^ttdb^^fre^ 
quent ufe of it wilt tndoabtedfyi^af^ th€« 
fcurvy. 

BOGS. 
T*he rnoft remarkable is the bog of Alten, 
which is ftbout 15 miles in Icfngth, atvi 8 ifi* 
breadth; but as the Company of Under- 
fSkkers oP the Graftd Canal intend to cut 
throu^ pait of it, for the parpofe of making 
a navigable cana! from Dublin to the Shan- 
non, &c. which it is not doubted may con- 
tribute to the advantage oP this' kingdom in 
generaK In the county of Cork there is a 
bog called the Boggra, in extent near 4 miles. 
In the county of Tipperary, Monely Bog. 
bi the county of Waterford Comeragh, and 
in the county of Eaft Meath is Ried Bog» 
with others of fmaller note* Thefe bog/ 
fiipply tbe* country with wry good ftiel : it 
confifts of rotten. wood, or.the roots of heafh, 
converted into a. kind of black combuftible 
^ngv fubffance, which When dug or cut 
©ut of the bogs in oblong pieces, and dried, 
aflfto-d very good firing. Many premiums 
having been given to the reclaimers of bogs, 
fcveral of them have been converted into ex- 
ceUent meadow ground* The beft cqurfe to 
be purfiiedin r^aiming them is, after they 
have been drained, the uppcrmoft fcurf or 
(od^ which when dried and burnt in heaps, 
the a(bes mult be fcattered abroad^ the bog 
lightly plowed and fown with barley, which 
it wiii yield in great plenty ^ tljifr doh«^ lay 
^ it 



wi'Nii^i annprn^frv^ 



»3» FISHER IE a or 

U outv keep open yoor drains^ and you mop^ 

lA time expert a good quanthy of grafs. 

F I S H E R I E S. 

With regard to the ftfherics- of Ireland; ir 
muft be acKDowkdged theffa^oaft of thi» 
kingdom is peculiarly adapted both for the 
rendezvous ^nd breeding of vaft quantities 
©f different forts of fifh. There is ft fociety? 
called the Univerfal Fifhing Company, whic^ 
have experienced already feme . fucce&i 
though but a fhprt time eftaUiflied (1774X 
and there is great reafon to imagine tfaar 
feherne will anfwer their moft fangiiine ex* 
peclations. I (hall brie% enumerate the fe- 
veral kinds of fi(h to be met with on the 
coafts 6f- leelaod : . On the fouth coaft, are 
Hake,,LiRjg, Q:^^ Whiting, Whiting-Pol- 
lock, Mackerel, Red-Giunard, Orcy-Gur* 
nards or Knowds, Mullet, I^fs,-. Breans». 
Soal, Dab, fjaice. Fluke,. Turbot> Skate 
OF Ray, Herrings axul Haddock ; we have- 
alfii great plenty of various kinds of (hell fiflv 
afi^Lobfters, Crabs, Shrimps, large Prawnv 
Qyfters, Cockles, Mufcles, Razor Filhr 
Cray Fi(h and-. Scallops. Hake is in plenty,: 
which is flenderer than a. Cod and larger, 
than a Haddock ; the feafons for taking this 
fifla is in June and September; when takco. 
theyxare. falted and dried for exportatioo,i' 
which by the late a6k is fuUypermitted, and# 
great quantities aire confumed in the country*! 
Cpd aii.Lingjirc in.licafon from Oftober tOi 

Februaryi 



IRELAND./ IJ9 
February ; our Cod is efteaniedpftferableio 
thofc taken in- the North Ametican ieas,. as 
Canada, the Banks of Newfoundland, &c. 
tho* at prefcnt very few are faked for expor- 
tation. The Lrag are excellent in their kind, 
from three to four feet long, and are 
generally falted and dried, principally for 
home confiimption. Nfackcref are generally 
very plenty in their feafon, but for fome years 
they are- not fo much about the coaft of 
Dublin as formerly, feldom in Dublin mar- 
kets above three days in the year. Turbot 
is commonly plenty and fold very reafonable; 
Herrings vifit our coafts yearly, generally 
about September, when amazing quantities 
arecuaght, particularly in the harbour of 
Dublin, which are large andjuftly admired. 
The Nymph Filhing bank about 1 1 leagues 
S. S. E, f rom Dungarvan abounds with Cod, 
Hake, Ling, Skate, Bream, Whiting, Red- 
Gurnard and other fifli, in 3? fathom water.' 
If well-boats, fuch as arc employed %y the 
Hollanders in the North feas, were built in 
Ireland and ufedinour fiiheries, it would 
tend greatly to the advantage of this king- 
dom ; as fifhermen could fifli on the coaft for 
fome days and the fi(h would be preferved, 
and as we have great plenty of Fifli of all 
kinds upon our coafts, and our ports and 
bays are moft happily fituated to carry on 
that valuable branch of trade, which all our 
neighbours, even upon our coaft, make fo 
great profit by and even fupply our cnarkets 

with 



HO T R A DE ^ Q: B 
wt&ibeib^ibetiiiies a$:vefy>exhorbitant pri- 
ces.. If our . fifti^nfll^n would exert theah 
fclvcs^ what, advaotag^ mi^t not accrue 
from !t^ cfpccially now^ that the legillatuit 
bias given us ib gr^^^t a bpuocy, afid encoor 
I3agement,.a& Uiey have cjpne by a late ad of 
parliament, jand by jhe .n^iaoy premiuais d£^ : 
fiercd yearly by the Dabli(> fociety i I 

FOUR CaUR,T& 
In i6i9s the Comta of QbARG^ry^ KJui^' 
BencfaV Common? Bleai^ and ExbheqoUji. 
were.open«d^ for thediftr»bution of j^ftic%. 
which were previojflfly he^d initfie Laftieol^ 
Dufadin^ and atCarloWvandothkr.pIac«& . i 

TRADE; 
Wbei> the natural fuuation of Ireland ». 
conlkiered^ itfr ©xtrnd^d Hsoaft^^ h^rbbarar 
bayaiand: rivers which :are Gomniodious fo» 
navigation, we: majj eafily perceive how wtft 
it is formed and furnirhed for an extenfivc 
toiaffic. Ml articles of ^ wool and. wooUea 
goods; for wool and bay yarn are allowed 
to be freely exported by an a6l palled ia 
i^BOy, yet coftfiderable quantities^are fou^ 
gled into France to the great detriment oC 
the Englifli . wooUen maQufa<5tures« Tlie 
chtef manufadtures of Ireland and the prtn*. 
otpal l^aneb, of its commerce, confift of 
woolten' and/ lii3!en xloth,. yam, lawQs and 
canabricks, which aire the principal fourceoCi 
wJiatcwr woaAih th^i» maj be ia this, nafioo. 
I In 






mm 



J !R E L: A\ N D: h% 
In (bme years tbe^ eieport cdnfiderable quan* 
tides of com .10 PortagaU biit wlyen their 
crops fail, they are fupplii^ from fingl^itd^ 
A great number of: hainds flight {^eeQSif^y-: 
ed in:(hi p-buiH1iig,':na in wafidefable Immh 
i>i biHifeaeft; ; : The elf i^f drticle* of: ^l^e ftp- 
potations of Ireland, jbonfiiliA ihe-fQilowr 
%: WJoe,.:bi:dndy«MQbacco, J^ioe^^ hopi» 
ccols, icoppcf , block-tin, kad,. all Wpi^ 
fodia :c(inimQditics, /tiwceryii grocfry.j^n^ 
Mbdrdaftiery:, wWch. are aUbt¥e4 ^$ the. }a^ 
A^ tabeiinported tmft)€)djatdy fooip^^broa^^ 
yctithc greater part of <ihcfe i^reiimp^M 
hom&n^md^ cloths, equipiag^s^ houO^pk} 
furQTture,: .and filks aire manuEa^ured in 
Ireland, iS:wella^'fioe wooUen dpth^-undg? 
riie mcQul-ageBieijt <and: : profe^ipn , of- 1^ 
Dublin Sediety v ahdeveny d^y/dew?'pftr^i?f 
nur icnprovrnnent /inr.t|v>C^.^«i»^9y^ftwe?f 
winch onlywafetcndoiirdgcmeot^ .confi4eF^ 
^ie quamitiea.of .EogU0i. fuperiine dotba 
are neyerthelefs dkily imported^ The - pre- 
fect reveiiiue^ifrelaAditri^ifmitf^'^^ 
Jialf a: .nilllion; f *y«ariy,i tJi^ . grpateft /|»»t 5^ 
wrhichp lis appfoprjatcd/ i|i» th^ fRPPort ^ 
g aveiimient . k/is : jaiJs:nQNi^€dgf/d itbat it. is 
^be moftiadvanitagecHdii tiUdeiwbicb takes ojQf 
the gmMft niMmtky .di -\h^ j>r(kkiee <^f It 
xxmntrjc, <a3td c^i^ially of i w.mHnufaduw?^ 
-and wliiob insports f^wtsft^ommodtcks^and 
4iK!fe capahlb bf/artharMfT^prc^em^Rt; for 
iinthatiafedaere imllbe'rhe.greai^ja^>re^or9 
^iJKcltjtDinjakeriipibei^i^^ Qn thf 
^. con- 



-• /^^^ 



142 T R A D E OP. 

cdntrary, that is the itioft difidmntageotti 
trade, which takes off the fmdleft quantt^ 
of the produce of a country, and that ua- 
tfianirfk^ured, andfjn letorn imports tbt 
gietttefl:<)ttantity of commodities for luxniTf 
and fully wrought up ; in: which cafe, toe 
imports wilt exceed fthc exports in valoec 
Agreeable to this rulc't the trade. of thk 
kingdom with England is of great impoit** 
aftcev'fince it takes ofE about 1,659,000! 
worth of oaf different cbmmodhies, which, 
according to the Cuftom-Houfe books anA 
othef^authentic teftimonies, is nearly equd 
to two thirds of all our exports, and atxiongt 
the reft the greateft part of our Jincn mann- 
&6tore; yet in one refpe£t 4t 4s in fome 
hieafure difad^ntageous, as that tradft 
takes from us many articles quite raw aM 
unmanufactured, and others not near half 
>¥orked up to that height and -perfeAioii tbef 
carrjp them. It ap|>ears there have been in 
xmt year exported horn hence to Enghnd, 
53,«c6- untiiiftedirides,; ^«8>oo Ct. \?eig^ 
of ^trtllbw, SiV7i5JCt. weight of lineiryara, 
13,450 iftbnes ' cif wooUen^ yarn, 149,900 
ftones of worfted.' And we take of their 
commodities the following: :near' 30,000 
barrels of beer and ale (porter breweries are 
flow eftablilhed in Ireland) 44,000 dozen of 
bottleti (a free export is grantoi in this arti- 
cle) 2qO)000 tons of coals, 'befide«coDfidkip» 
iable quantities imported into cfeeeks aoi 
havdris, which are not ei^eied irothe Cuftow 

Hou 



^pvnnppnPfK'^fVnw 



AND. 143 1 



I R E L 

Hoiife books ^ 46,000 1>arrels of barley, 
large quantities of new^ and old drapery, 
numbers of crei^s of earthen ware and 
china, from Livrerpoot, dec. and ab^ve 15006 
barrds of herrings, near 1 0,000 of which 
are imported from Holland^-'3o,ooo yards 
of bone lace, 180,000 yards of kenttngs, 
near 1,000,000 jfards of muflin, i&,ooo 
yards of linen, cotton, and filk, of Britifh 
mamifaAure, * befidbs cotifiden^ble quanti* 
ties of India goods, fdken manufa^arei^ 
tobacco, rum, fugar, wines, &c. &c. 
' Several gendemeii who are great profi- 
cients in trade having intimated to me that 
a coDcife yet general account of ^ur expor* 
tations and importations would be htgMy ac^ 
eeptable, 1 have mentioned them, and I 
hope it may tead tog^rieralinfor^iation and 
improvement, as it ^is wrote ^th a liberal 
motive, and intended for the ufe df thofe who 
have not had fo good aa opportunity of 
knowing that part of the tradeof Ireland. 

I " I II I j <d<Mn»p»p^ . ■ I ■ ■ lii H III ' ij 

. • Seme of the greatifi t^ruBkns to tht ht^ 
nefiis Md encreafi tf the mmufoRmts of Ire^ 
ktnd^ are the frequent riots andcomfbinaiions 
etmong tbe manufa£turers\ it xeouid *be bigbfy 
beaming tbe xvifdom of our legiflature to m* 
deavour so isdxipt fenfie meti^ to prevent tbent^ 
as tbe legiflaturi.tf EngVmdbatb doek. For 
this purpqfe beads of a bill weri introduced it^ 
He Jrifif forJiament in- tbe ^jffhHs 1780* . : 
' .''«'!' • . . With 



i4# TaR;;A D E OF 

With pefpedk ttierefore.to the trade of 
Ireland and the laws relative to it, I (hail 
fpnthe general i]aibri»att<^ of thofe who may 
bdT^ ,CQl»Qc£tbo8 with that kingdom, brieflj 
CDirtTierfttefiich particulars as may tradid 
iteceafei^BD^f^f -aciid render the flate of their 
. laiysf ic^tive to commerce xnore ufeful^ fay 
being more univerfally known. 
/ Wool and woollen manufadtures of all 
kinds, aF€ pefmitted by the aft of .i780yto 
be 1 exporttd out of. Ir^tod to rany part is* 
yond feaS. . . s. ' 

. B)^ former ads no ghiiaror hops could be 
imported into Ireland frcmi ainy part wbat&" 
€vcr except from Great Britain 5 on forfei- 
fuce^of all filch glafs and; hops, or tlieir » 
liCiiitogpthet witfc thfi.ihip ih^whidi (jst 
fansieristiiaimrted,. witl^, aUllier ^ckle, tie: 
Not>]lQ;fdie}gsifi^ars be imported dire^ 
into Irelanli^ .l}ut Biould be firil landed in 
Great Britairij nor:^o fugais, fyrops, or 
mola^es. qf, the^prodndion :of manpfaidtiifie 

giiDv^hvi9rjaiai\u&t9kureof his'ii^^ 
colbniesLtbctc;, vcodd .be tmi^tedt . iMq im* 
land fr0mo:dfekylpactdbeyofid^.iiKrJfew^. c^or 
fbah Cjreai;Bcitaih, <mforfeit«ire:«>£lbip«iid 
goodB,. except fupu-s of tfae:igrawth.«>f>^ 
SpabiSi.or Portuguese fd)|,nt!^tkm8, ^vwiu^ 
ttould .496 ^ i<npt>rtQd\ from^paiotibt^ Itbrijapl 
after .\^ing isj^* lai^dedv^m<}Ief^<^h^ 
But by^the aiei^l^M^a^mitfaySQ;i^^^tA 
tb:lxieland to import the above recit«<) arti- 
cles. Xmpor 



J 



IRELAND. 1^5 1 

Of Importations into iREiANb. j 

No goods of the growth, produce or ma* | 

nufadture of the Eaft Indies, or any other j 

place beyond the Cape of Good Hope, could 
be imported except from Great Britain, for- 
ifnerly, as appears by an adt of 7 George J, 
chap. 20. Brit, which was repealed in the 
Jeflionsof 1780. Goods of the produce of 
the Levant feas or Streights may be imported 
m Englifli built (hipping navigated by mari- 
ners confiding of 3-4ths Englifli, from any 
ufual port or place within the Steights, &c. 
though the commodities be not of the very , 
^owthbf fuch places; and people of Great 
Britain, Ireland, or Guernfey, mayinftiips to 
them belonging, load and bring in from any 
part of Spain or Portugal, or Weftero Iflands^ 
caned Azores, or Madeira or Canary Hlands, 
the good^of the growth of th ir refpefkwe 
iiommions or plantations, nor is th«re any re- 
ftraint on bulliop, or goods taken by way 
€>f prize or reprizal by any En^ifh (hips hav- 
ing commiffion from the crown ; but the com- 
modities of the Dominions of Mufcovy or 
R uffia, as, all forts of mails, timber, or boards, 
foreign fs^U, pitch, tar, ro2en,henr>p, flax, com 
and grain of aH forts, fugar, pot-aflies, railing, 
figs, prunes, wines, vinegar, or fpirits cal- 
i^ aqua vit^ or brandy wine, and oliv,e oils^ 
can only be imported in (hips belonging to 
the jpeople of Great Britain or Ireland, ex- 
cept fuch foreign (hips as aF6^ef the country 
H of 



, iV'i.wiJLiijiiipi«mipipNpmi|i 



14^ ^IklPOR'B^ATtOOT I|fT0 

of which fuch goods are the growth, or of 
fuchpcMt whete they nifift \rfUSly Arltthip- 
ped for tranfportatioti) and navig^ated' as 
above mentioned, xinder tbrfeitiirc of fudi 
foreign fliFpalnd cargo. iz'Car^ II. csp. it 

Wood or weed aflies of any .kind «(ed ia 
bleaching thay be ipniported intolrdarid foe 
©fall duties, 3 Geo. HI And by the 33 Gea 
H. all canes or reeds impprted into . this 
kingdom, ecnployed in manufadhires^ to be 
free of all duties. Every pound we^ht of 
filk manufacture, not Britift, is to pay 
gl. 158. ad. at importation per pounX 
Any fort of ilock filb, ling, pilcbad, 
or any kind 'of dried or ialted 60% 
which ftia^ be ^(bed fo^ and caught % 
1^ people of Great Britain or Ireland, 
or herrmgs q:> cod-fifti, of «ny fort, 
not havipg: been caught i^ veflcls truly 
belonging to Great Britain or Ireland, and 
fucti fifti cured, &c. by Britifli or Iriith fob* 
ie£X$r ^^^^ P^y double I aliens, cuftoro or 
duty thereon. By « 9 George U. no &reig^ 
glafs could be imported into Ireland, to 
by a£):.i8 Geo^ III. thi3 ad is repoded 
Hopps for making. caika are to, pay zd per 
1000 onlyt z Ann, cap. 2. and by the 
lame, a&i unwrought iron is!fo pay no toon 

that 



. * Afrefiradtto Inland wub Aoiericu 
ffoiued initio. 



p 



' J R E L A N p. HI 
thdo to$. p&f tbp ckity > and by the* &me. a^ 
Jzxbs Are fubjed^ to a duty of .one pcnay pep 
tthoHfaii^ pnly. Brown ^d-v^nitclii^en plbth, 
\0f thejmai>ufa<aure'of Great Brit^nj jcn^y 
i'be imported free of «daty, but all;i^w kib 
found on board of any ){h\p or veflTej, cxceyjt 
for theufepf fuch (hip, &c, is fubje^.to pay 
thiduty on importing of cawas in pieces 
All flax-feed qr h^nip-feed of the^growt|i 
^ QeriJiahy, Ruflia, the Netherlands* ., the 
-JBaft Country,, or ^ny of the Britifla iPlap-ta?- 
ttions in Arderica, are exernpted fi-oxn the 
rpaynocnt of any duties on impprtationi and 
ia prenfiium of 55. per hog(head isigiyen for 
.h^niprfeed or flax-feed imported won? any 
j>oi;t in Ruflia, Prvfliay Sweeden, Poland, 
I^emmtki or from Hamburgh or Akens^ 
.^r -.any. of the Englifli Plantations in Arae- 
-rjQeky or any port on tho Baltic lea, or within 
-the found, by an a£t of 3 Geo. Ill/ and by 
fb^fame a£l it is recited that all looms im* 
ported.are to -pay no duty. Bullion either in 
.coif^^ bars or piaces are alfo imported J^-ee. 
i^li^ by ftn ftft of 2 Ann. fcC z. cap.. 14. 
and ig. white fait is to pay duty by weight 
-g^lb.tP the bulbel, but foreign or bay fait is 
n^eafor^d by >be byftiel ^ of ^ 8 gallons. Salt- 
-pf^ire is-ferft brought fr »m'the Ea^indies to 
kii^Umdj where it is refined^ and confe- 
.q^eoitly .beqopiesi the.;n^qfadtufq ojF :Hol- 
^Mtfl; ibiitjit cannot , be ibportedintp Ireknid 
-tiil it4*-thei:e refined,, and which .JJlpft. ap- 
pear, b¥ ^-cettificate £ro(a Holland to that 
3 e. ,.^ . eflfctt. 



I4.8 Importations ikt© 

effed, which always comes with the faI^^ 
tre, and is to pay duty for the value of every 
ftos. on oath. And old flieets and (hirts are 
to pay (or the value of every aos. on oath* 
Brandy or fpirits, if above proof, is liable to 
pay duty according to the degree of ftrength 
they bear to (ingle fpirits; but rum^ geneva, 
and all forts of <x>rdial drains are rated as 
fyirhs «pcrfe<aiy tnade fmgle. 

'Wool of all forts is exempted from any 
duty, but all goods, which, though thqr 
pay no duty, are to be^rticularly entertd 
at the Cuftom Woiife, both as quantity and 
quality, being liable to the fame penalties for 
undue entry as if they were ftfbieft to jdoty. 
* Our importatic»M from France are very 
<onfider^Ie« confiding of immenfe quano- 
ties of wines and brandy, and to a great a- 
mount in filk-mamifafture, befides other ez- 
penfive articles clandcftinely iroponed from 
thence, which makes the 'balance of trade 
confiderably againft us, as appears evidendy 
•froma conftant courfeof exchange in fit- 
vcur of France. We fend to that nation 
large quantities of beef,* untanned bides 
and other articles; anditappearsby theCuf- 
torn Houfe books of Dublin, that France 
ibme time ago took great quantities of bat- 
ter and tallow from us, but now very little. 

It has been fugg^ed by fome, that our 
trade with France is detrimental to Ivrfand, 

* . jftt prrfent ibere is an enA^rgo M r j^^- 
tatm of beef to trante^ 1780. 



1 R E L A N IX 149: 

becaufe our importations from thcncf, con- 
lifting of the abovenfientioned articlea,. aro 
rather materials for luxury than ufe i and^ 
becaufe they will not take any manufadure 
from us, not even a tanned hide, nor any 
other produce of this kingdom,^ but what 
is ufcful for their manufatSUires at home, or 
neceflary for the fupport of their American^ 
Plantations abroad. But on the o^her hand,. 
it is to be confidered, that we have beea 
long ufed to drink their wines, and in all 
probability will continue it, efpecially as the 
Portuguele have treated us ill with refpeft to 
trade v. befides, we cannot have wines fo 
dieap from, other countries, and the duty 
laid thereon is a great fupport ta our efta- 
bli(hment,. by bringing in a conliderabte 
yearly, revenue. 

The value of our importations from all 
countries, taken at a^ medium, for feveri 
years^ as appears from our Cullom Houfe 
books, amount to 1^,936,5871. 8s. 4d, and 
that the imports from Great Bntain alone,. 
amount to [^^S^^^zVo^* 6d. which is nearly 
three parts in four of our whole imports ^ 
confifting chiefly of wocJlen and filken raa- 
mifadures, callicoes^ muflins, xiofFee, tea^ 
rum, fugar, hops, bark, tobacco, beer, coals, 
iron and glafs ware^ btc^ all which, com- 
modities are wrought up.- It is commonly 
judged that the importation of foreign goods,. 
is a lofs to -re nation. that receives them v 
fmce bullion would be otherwife returned \th 
H 3 lieu 



t^o Importations ' i!«rTo 

Iren thc^feof; But with reipeiSl to our trafe 
with England:, it is not fo, becaufe out 
eitporfetions to that Wnp;dom are of goods 
unmanufadlured, particularly in the articles 
of wool, woollen yarn, worfted j alfo in raw 
hides, tallow and linen yarn. It is not to 
be doubted but that owe affiduity to improve 
Ottf manufactures, our atteruion to extend 
onr free trade, will in a few years clearly 
evtnee the jufti^cc and policy of the legifla- 
ture in giving every juft and neceflary ea- 
conragemcnt to the commerce of Ireland. 

The Importatiori of beer and ale has lately 
encreafed, and is likely to do fo for two 
rcafons ; by the drawbacks being allowed of 
almoft all Ac Britifti duty, they can and do 
fell Englifh and Scotch beer, as cheap in ire* 
land as they can do the Irifh, and the publi- 
cans make a greater profic by 'the fate of the 
former. The rate df freights of a bogfticad 
of porter from London to DuMin is only 
five ftiiliings,': The malt in^Iretand is not 
made any thing near fo good, or to yield as 
much as that which cotxjes' from albroad. 
The Dublin Society to remedy this evil, have 
offered premiums of' between 4'^nd 50QI 
per* annum for making good r^alt in the 
country of Ireland. 

*^The trade of Ireland being (b conneftcd. 
with England, ferves botb^ in moft inftanccs, 
except that of money. London, by its 
wealth and fituation» being the center of a 
great proportion of our commercial corref- 
' pondence 



p 



1 



I R EL A N D. 151 

pondetice with ^'oitjjer'ft^t^j'tliougb fr^ratid 
is lately (teclarcfd a F* e ^ 'port. The rate or 
exJchahgV''>^^W(^en' qS apd London ts coiui- 
iiuafiy agsiinft us v in Apnri78tD it was 7 and 

J-8ths. There ^re two ftaft.ding caufes which 
o this nation no little injury in the conftant 
balance of moqey s^\\\\ England,' the one 
is the tonftarit VemTtranices of mpney to. our 
abfentees, land tf!e'6ther1s the great exchange 
p>ai<} on all our Bills. This niight in a great 
meafure be remedied, would our merchants 
join* their efforts to promote a National Bank 
inilea^d of the prefent private ones in Dublin 
andCofke; 

' The principal cortityiddities. thdt Ireland; 
farniflies for ^^^portation are thefe, mz. C2lt-: 
tle^ hidesi tallo^, butter^ cheefe, honey, 
wax, wool, woollen cloth, falmon, herrings, 
coarfe rugs, frizes, ratteens, .camlets, tim- 
ber, pipe itaves, lienip and Jinen cloth in* 
great quantities, wHich i^ jtiftly eftejemed on \ 
account of its peculiar qliality, particularly' 
as every poflible attention is (hewn by the 
truftees of the linen manufacture in Ireland, 
to enhance its reputation. Great encourage- " 
xnents have beeii given for the cultivation of 
flikx and hemp^ for Which the foil is pecu- 
liarly fuited^ particularly in the northern' 
parts of this kingdom, 

* The many excellent laws relating to the • 
linen manufadture, the fpirited endeavours 
of that board, and the noble defigns of the * 
liublin Society," ha^e confiderably contribu- 
'' H 4 ted 



iSZ Importations into 
ted to the introdncins induftry and the 
fcienccs into Ireland*. T^c linen branch w 
in fome roeafure indebted to foreigners i wit- 
nefs the order of thanks of the houfe of 
commons given to Mr. Cromlin (a French 
gentleman naturalized in this kingdom) with 
a prefent of lO^oool as an acknowledgment 
for the great fervice he had done this coun- 
try in dlabliftiing that manufacture here. 
Colour was indeed wanting to our linen; 
but by the great attention and vigilance of 
the linen board, and the induftry of our 
bleachers, we have at length furmounted 
that difficulty ; and it is at prefent equal, if 
not fuperior, to any in Europe; the linen 
manufadture is therefore the ftajJe of Ire- 
land, without which it could not fublift. 
It is the fource of all the riches and wealth 
in this kingdom. Of late years it has con- 
iiderably encreafed in its reputation, and has 
extended itfelf to moft parts of Ireland (as 
in the defcription of the feveral counties is 
more fully fet forth) ; and notwithftanding 
there is Hill great room for further improve- 
ment and extention, from the great demand 
there is for the low priced linens, under i8</. 
per yard, for England, for Africa, for our 
army in America^ and other countries. 
The bounty of three halfpence per yard 
given by the Englifli to encourage this ma- 
nufadlure, has been attended with evident 
iuccefs; as it has induced the merchants to 
f;nd more to England, as well as excited an 

! '^ chiula-' 



IRELAND. 153 

einulatfon in the manufadturers to excel in 
their linens, and thereby convince the Engi' 
liih of the great utility of their bounty. 

The cambrick manufadure has of hit 
years much cncreafecj, yet it falhs fhort of 
Supplying our home confuraption in the arti- 
cle of clear cambricks, tho* there arc up* 
wards of 1500 looms now at that wor?k in 
the province of Ulfter. The Cambrick 
Company have at great expence and attend 
tipn to the encouragement of that bufmefs^ 
brought over from Flanders a number of 
tnanufadhirer^ whom they employed at 
£>undalk, by which- that manufedure has 
greatly fpread over that fide of [the country; 
This company notwithftanding the4)ounty 
gfveft by parliament, fuflfered greatly m theit 
private fortunes, by the expences they were 
ati and the lofles they fuftained for many 
years, from want of knowledge in the ma- 
nufafture and the method of diipojing of 
the cambricrk ; and now private perfbns^om 
carry on that trade ^ery extenfively^ fro A 
the infight which the company have fisoe 
acquir^ ; but it would be of eifential fer^ 
Vice to this kingdom, if we could extend 
our cambrick manufadure in the article of 
clear goods, which as yet it has* not arrived 
to thtit degree of perfection it ia cajpable oC 

There are imported annually near 2€>Q,ooo 

yards of kentings, and as this kbgdom 

capable of manufadturing them to as gre^. 

advanUgeas any other, were pur nmnttfac^ 

, '^ H 5 turcrs 



154 EtpQktatipns from 

turersi encouraged by premiums and boun- 
ties ta go into that bufiaeis* It is evident 
the pt^mmnns and eacoui-^gemeat given by 
thef Lmen Board have been of national ad< 
vantage, and it is to be hoped it will be em* 
pbyed to the encouragement of this branch 
of the linen manufadure. Funds of thi$ 
kind are of groat public utility to infant ma-^ 
ilufadures and trades, that require inftrucr 
tton id the beginning, a^d encouragement 
fo overcome the difficulties and lofles which 
always attend the firft attempts in every in* 
vention and trade. With refpedt to the du-* 
tie6,&c. on exportation from Ireland, I (haU 
Jmtc foch particulars the brevity of this 
work will permit, and as>maybe of utility 
to meiichants and the public in. general ^ 

' Of Exportations from Ireland. 
- if to Ae Plantations formerly, every 
^ngltfh veffel who traded to or frooxthenc^ 
(was to be regiftered s^nd Other, r^qjaiiit^s per- 
fermecL and the oxafter w^ to Qb(erv6» no 
kind or goods could be e^^porte^ from Ire- 
land to the plan^tations eifcept horfes, ier- 
vants, all forts of victuals, and white and 
Irown Irifli linen cteth 5 Butu Free Trade 
kothe Colonies is nqw :^ant€d to Ireland, 
Fftoner^y no (heep,. fujl^s efirth^ fulling 
cbyrt^^pr tobacco pEtpi^^ay, could.be ei^port- 
od except into England, and alt wool 49^ 
jvoollen manufaiflures, except to the fame; 
AU kinds of glA& wbAtlbcver^ liw fdk^ fpir 
^' - ^ . . fits 



rits of ioy Jtibd whdtcfvdr, ;in any v^I un** 
dex lOO t0i».burtheh^ butitfaiere vrasan ah 
Ibveiinceof two{^I\oniolE (jpiritls fck the ufe 
of edch mall 6q bqani) SaU M thd produce 
<rf:i5n*afi Brkaiaiior Ii^elind, coabd be ex- 
ported la vtffefe rff kfs bur thai than above 
tnentioiierd, It was aJIowfed to bel exported in 
buljc only^ and to fof^c^ parti only, but 
Hot m£K:kson bogs, ^nd:th^ teportet was 
tp ehtchr.iiitb bond tmi the. fak(bboHao4. 
belao^ied: in . Great Brhanr or Ifle of Manf. ^ 
i There is ftill fubfiflnmga duty pfipourid-f 
af^, or ciifbonbf oetwards to bepaid befii^e 
fblf>puig the goods or manufa£lijires to be 
oatriedioqrofi kfiland, dnipEQaof forfeittng 
fttebirgbtads^qr rtie value tWireof. In thii 
duty of X:ttftDm ontwanls theiQis nbrdiffer-^ 
efec^.«*ha3h€^;therigoods:' be texpoAcd tn-aii 
Eaj^l^: or 4^. foreign (hfpl, but aliens pay 
doiible vfiti^ the mtivdsi are Hable. to pay* 
Foc^Hi goods n^y be (hipped off whhdut • 
afty .paymdntiieing iriade> oS frfbftdy out^> 
vnaenfa^iif !i4ue,j<kn^ beeof 

duly entered '^imtaiys and the; daty^ paid i- 
hritHyey itert fabjd6ki5notwithftai»ftng to 
pay: tiie d'nttyj if ^ faeh goods had? been iriai- , 
niifa<9hared fince their im^rtation^ ^ ': 

< Tiie iollo^ihg gobdii are exempted frooll^'l 
duijf 'Qp(i>a expbftation, y^z^ oorn^iasmialtc 
and bere' mw j ^exceeding nai. - par. cp^rter, > 
ry« iiyr. per ditt©, vrheati 6j; pejf hiindrDdi 
^gbt^ barlfeyJ ^s. gd. j^er 4it«d^ cats p^i 
pet ditto, if the fanie is exported in Britifli 

(hipping. 



156 ExpoRTATioNs wtowr . 
(hipping, navigated duly, and are alTo va6r 
tied to a premium of Sd. for every hundred 
weight of wheat, and 51/. for every hundred 
weight of barley or oats, and for malt or 
here and rve i^. 6d. per quarter. LikewUe 
fiiftians or Irifh manufafhire, flaxfeed of 
the growth of Ireland, if exported from Dun- 
dalk or Southward thereof, when at ss. per 
bu(hel or under, (u. per bufliel preoiium) 
flour macle or manufadured in Irelandf free, 
and alfo wearing apparel of all forts, jewels 
and pearls, Irilh linen cloth, rapefeed oil 
made or manufactured in that kingdom, 
timber or plank made up in any vefl^I, slib 
wqol, woollen and bay yam it exported to 
Great Britain, Africa or the plantations—' 
Gold or filver plate exported at any time out 
of Ireland, and again imported^ ire fuhfeA 
to the duty of 6d. per ounce, unlefs the 
ISune had been paid before, either at die 
making, or fome former importation there- 
of^ and no plate can be exempted from this 
duty on account of being old, unlefi iMrc^en 
in pieces and imported asbulHdn. 

On the exportation of any timber, j^lank 
or ftaves to Great Britafai, the mailer of the 
(hip is to give bond for the fecurity of his 
MajeRy's revenue. Beef the barrel is rated 
at zos. the duty by natives is u. beef Ae 
carcafs exported is zos. the duty the fame; 
Butter the hundred weight, containing 1 1 zU. 
rated lOf. the duty by natives 64. Feathers 



I Jl E L A N D: 157 

in beds are fubjeA to daty. Flaxfeed or 
hempfeed exporud^ not of the growth of 
Irdaiid, is to pay 5/* cuftom per hogfhead, 
for 21 years, By an ad 3 Geo. lU.— Flocks 
cat) be exported to Great BrMn.— Fulling 
earth or fulling clay is prohibited to be ex* 
ported, 13th and 14th tar. 11. cap. 18, as 
was alfo all glafs whatfoever by 19th Geo. 
IL but liberty is now granted to export 
glafs. Hides tanned or uncanned if export- 
ed into England, or any other of his Majef- 
ty 's dominions, bond is to.be given for land- 
ing them in Great Britain ; but (hoes manu*, 
faAured may now be exported : And bond 
Hiufl: alfo be given, on exportation of hoops 
to Great Britain. AH flallions, geldings^ 
or nags, exported to England or Scotland 
or any other Englilh plantation, are rated tJ. 
a piece and zs. duty each by natives, but if 
into foreign parts 20/. rated and the fame 
duty by natives. Bonds mud be given as 
abovementioned on the exportation of laths. 
Flaxen or hempen cloth, made or manufac* 
tured in Ireland and exported, are difcharg- 
ed of all duties, % Ann^ cap, 4. Rape oil 
made in Ireland, and exported is to pay /^. 
per tun, a Ann^ €ap. \%. Live (heepare 
prohibited to be exported by 8 EHz. cap. 3^. 
. Lamb-fkins in the wool can be exported to 
Great Britain only, and the fame is to be, 
obferVed with r^ard to (heep-lkins. Sugar 
of all ibrts brought into Ireland and after 
refined^ wd bjoog made into Jpaves apd ex*: 

ported 



iJJViUi 



^mnv*i ■^*' w^mmtimnfH 



1^9 BkpokTifYioks tROif ' 

ported by way of mercbiodiae^ the himdrei 
weight cdntaming : 1 12/K ' f»/RSiecl afc*iax. 
aftd the duty by^^nativep ii fiA ' iWcoi 
pfpe clay is prdwfcifed^to be ekpoited by «3 
and 14 Gar. II. r^. li.'^ei there is^^eai 
teafoii to believe confidetttbletqitantiftleB 'are 
fmuggled. AH -goods inwards or ^utwardl 
not rated is to pay 5/. percent* according to 
tlie value on oath of A^J mtriehaflt ; dyeing 
drugs which have ba^ti itttport^d di*ty ftee, 
pay on exix)rtat}on 5/; pet cent, on half the 
value rated for cnftdm inwards. Irvfb»uirocil 
exported to England is difcharged of all 
duties by ^Geo. II. cap. 3. ^n it muft 
be obferVed that wool,- wi>ol*floeks;''ba^'dr 
wooMen ;^afn, woollen ftockingfe;, dofh, -^Sge^ 
bays, kerfcyff, fays, * frikes, dy^ggew; do* 
jfepj^s, (hatteofts, or any other dtawry^ ftofl^ 
ahd woollen frtaiYtsfa£ture& whatibcViBfyVnade 
ifp or feixed with' ^^dl, Mfify n^fw by ihtf 
l*te aft'bc (hipped off from IrelanA^forami^ 
part of Grtfat Britairt^-iAd> Aiwerica} i %ct^ 
The c©f*ftaiffioil^r» of • the>c*i*»«mi ilpl Ktend 
^nd thte- ctoHedtof* ^' tbe*ipte<itpij«lhefd thcJ 
goodii are intcnfltd for, rthiftiNttUe iJixite ©& 
the (ptmmy^ ^i^Aiif^ Iz^; at^d b^d nnifb 
be giw» for their due -Vrtpat^ttrtioB, attd the 
commiirionef ^o*: wbdlii>l|^ bdnd y^digiveHi 
i^ ti^give a licence for Ael A«ie$J*aA<»iJli- 
cjeitce muft be taken out fr(>iiithe terd-litutei- 
riant te exj^rt the 6rtte, for whkW i» jfeeoC^ 
4^. theftene G^nt!aitiiiiglS4^. isip^id;'lbf^' 
xn^riy bond ufed to bt^^^fyi tim^h^Hmg- 
• >^' I the 



I R E li A N^D. iS9 

the goods m England, which when landed 
there,^ (uch bond was vacated. Atid fornier- 
ly no Warrant could be grahted f&i; (htpf>ifl^ 
hides, wool, timber,, or for any utftam^d 
cards, before, bead was given for the d\ie 
exportation thereof to Great Britain, accord* 
ing to the different a<fts of parliarnent. Dye- 
ing drugs which have been imported duty 
free, are on exportation now to pay 5 per 
ipent. on their value. The dqty on goods 
exported from Ireland, ii by the aft of cu(^ 
toms at the rate of is. of the vduedf every 
20^. but if the native commoditfes of that 
kingdom be exported by aliens, double the 
faid duty is to be paid, or according as th^ 
goods ai;e particulariy Tated. All foreigA 
goods which have paid 'duty m wards are in^ 
titled to a draw-back or debenture tti e^ 
portation, except calficoes, hoFIahdif, ''dt 
foreign linen, fail-cloth, wrought filks^ whidi 
m exemptcd'from flich draw Sick . Sugarife 
tobacco,, wrought filk^, haberdailiery' alra 
grocery wares, if exported within I z mohtid 
after irrtportatit^ti by any fubjeftj or'd 
months by an alien, draw Itecfc half- the' cu"h 
torn, In excife and additional dirties thi! 
whole is repaid, to 'a wholefale mcfch«ntj 
but it is neceffary that in ofdpr to obteitl 
fuch drawback a ^permit muft be tateen bif*^ 
an^ ^ copy /of the original entry om ifh^ 
portation "be produced. 'The duty em 
dru^ iskvi^d according tb the pnlind^ayoif-- 
iu^izfe, and'riwfiiks pay duty b^ ^he'grek 



t60 ExPaRTATlONS PROS^^^^^ 

pound containing 24 ounces avoirdupcMze. 
. Our trade to Spain, Pormgal, and the Me* 
dttcrranean being very benc^cial^ I (hall un- 
4cr this denomination enumerate fuch parti- 
culars as are exported from Ireland, and 
briefly mention wnerein the advantages art- 
iing to us from their trade. Spain, &c. 
takes from us many articles of the produce 
of our country, and otherwife manufaflurcd, 
and in return we have large remittances \n 
fpecie } for inftance,' we fend there great 
quantities of butter, faimon, upwards 
of 98,000 tanned hides annually, feme 
pork, and upwards of 10,000 pair of flioes^ 
and many articles of lels note ; indeed we 
have from them wine ^ndjuiee of licorice^ 
the latter could be raifed here. To Ham^ 
burgh, Norway, and the Bakick, we fend 
but very few articles, yet it is an advantage- 
MS trade, becauiie we import from thence 
a conitderable number of deaf boards, tim- j 
ber of all forts, iron, near 24,00a hundred . 
of undrefled hemp annually, and (everd" 
Qther articles of naval (tores, wJiich we can^ 
not be without,^ or fupply ourfelves cheaper 
clfewhere. 

, Of undfefled flax, there aie great quan- 
titiea imported, in one year to the amount 
•f 134609/. worth, principally, fcom Amer- 
ica, about 53&]^o hundred weight : this ar- 
ticle which, is of fo much confeqqence to the 
linen manufiadture, may be railed in great 
abundance in Ireland with only conunoti 
fiave ipid indttitry.: Tilt 



J 



IRELAND. 161 

The great quantities of the natural growth 
of this kingdom^ which are exported, fuch 
as beef, butter, corn, worfted, raw hides, 
6cc. more than of goods which arecompleatly 
manufadured, is one great caufeof the de- 
clining date of our manufadlures ; fome of 
our exportations being little removed from 
the ftate nature has given them to us, (b that 
their real value moftly arifes from the natu- 
ral produce of the earth, befides the difad* 
vantage of thefe natural comoKxiities being 
exchanged for fmall parcels of goods com- 
pleatly wrought, the price of fuch being 
always high in proportion to the labour em- 
ployed a tout them, but this evil will dimi- 
nifh on giving encouragcment>4t) Irifh arti- 
ficers in trade* 

SALT. 

There are confiderable quantities of fak 
made in different parts of Ireland, particu- 
larly at Waterford and Dun^arvan and it is 
now nearly equal to Englifh fait, though 
not quite (o penetrating. 

RATTEENS. 

This woollen manufadtory, which is de- 
fervcdly efteemed, being a light, warm and 
handfome wear for the winter, and to fuch 
perfeftion h^ve the manufaAurers of this 
branch brought it, that they make them 
equal to the fineft cloth. I have feen fome 
made at Carrick in the county of Waterford, 

at 



i62 AGRICULTURE IK 
^t 30s. per yard^ and of various beauuCuI 
cdloursi as fcarlet,' pompadour, browa, 
black, grey, &c. ^nd the courfe fort is fold 
fo low as 5s. per ^ard. It is wove in a loom 
with four treaddles, like fcrges and othcf 
ftuff that have the croffing. Some of thcra 
are drefTcd and prepared like cloths, others 
are left fingle in the hair, and others napped 
or friczed^ which is brought ta a great 
degree of perfection . There are alfo manu- 
factured in Ir^la/id large quantities of friezes 
which as th^sy are fold cheap, and are warmi 
they are p^w^ worn in the Qountry^ 

A G RI CULT U RE. 

It appears upon a'view of this kingdonv 
that the great mountainous tracks of land, 
particularly thofc in the provinces of Lcinfter, 
Munfter and Ulftet, which were formerly 
OverFun with furze, arc now greatly impwv* 
ed, which is chiefly to be attributed to the 
cultivation of potatoes, which is highly be- 
neficial to the land by nreliorating the foil^ 
and by diis means the fides of all the princi- 
pal mountains 'yield rye, barley or oats; 
being planted with potatoes ,previoufly, in 
order to prepare the toil for t)ie corn. 

Thoie lands fituated near great cities hav« 
been and is ftill capable of being rpore im- 
proved, by an' application of many articles 
of manure fuppUed by all cities and towns, 
particularly ftreetKlij:t^foralI^ilubl)Qrn clajc]^ 
fbilsi, *whici> will h^ t>cttcr\ff paraded' and fe» 

' cdnud^rifcly 



] 



. I K B J. A N a 163 

Gonfiderably k6 tiitie wit^h ihi& manure* 
than any other, wd is extremely weU worth 
procuring for c<j)rni gra&or gardf!:n l^nd^ 
befides alhes of pit coal, foot and the plaftcf 
aad rubbrfhof old houfes might eafily be 
obtained, and would anfwcr extrcpnely welf. 

Such lands as have a turfy fed and not 
eapable of producing barley or other graio* 
may, by pucfutng th^ following method 
of platiting potatoes, evidently tend to the 
advantage of the farmer. The turf is to be 
raifcd and burnt, afterwardis to fet potatoes 
on the fpread a(hes, which trench fo deep 
as to bring up fufficient mould or clay to 
cover them" arid to mix with the remaining 
turf "unbumed to make mould hereafter.: 
Qround fo managed will produce a good crop* 
of potatoes and afterwards a crop of oats* 
If the potatoes be fet in Januarv or February^. 
anda^eof the kidney kind, they may.be du{( 
in July or Auguft, when turnip feed niay be 
fown, which will be fit to pull and clear off 
the ground by the time^they plow it for oats ^ 
fo that in a year and half tliere may be had. 
three crops out of fuch fort of land. If the, 
potatoes be dug in September or OAober,: 
turnip feed then jfown, will be fit for pafture 
of fbeep or Wack cattle till March following, 
which is the beil time of plowing, for oats. 

EioAor Plot in his Hiftory of Staflfordfhire, 
dhapter 10, page 8a, evinces the truth of 
this pi!Oce(s being advantageous, as does alfo 
Mr. Bcooke ifi hi^.p«tmpl]yk{ 9« t^e M^rtqA 



164 AGRICULTURE nr 
of reclaiming Bogs. The potatoe Is a Imf 
ciferous herb, with efcutent roots, beariiif 
winged leaves^ and a bett flower» They 
were originally brought from Virginia by Ssr 
Walter Kateigh, who ftoppi«ig in Irebi;i4 
(bmc were planted here, which anfwarcd ite 
hufbandman's moft fanguine expedUtiooi^ 
there are fcveral kinds, viz. the kidney po- 
tatoe, yellow and white, fiat and niaped< 
like a kidney-bean -, 2d. the round white po- 
tatoe, 3d. the large yellow potatoe^ calki- 
in Dublin the Munfter potatoe ; 4th. the 
round red ; and 5th. the black and blue 
ikin potatoes. 

: Tillage was held in the higheft efteem ar 
til wife ftates : in Egypt it was the particu- 
lar objeft of government and policy ; m 
AiTyria and Perfia the Satrapae were reward* 
ed or punilhed according as the lands ift 
iheir rcfpeftive governments were well or ift 
tilled; and Dion. Halicarn. in his An6q; 
Rom. lib. 2. p. 135. informs us that Numa 
Pompilius, an eminent king, had an account 
rendered him in what manner the (eveial^ 
diftrifts in the Roman teritoriea were cul- 
tivate*. The city of Syr^cufe on account 
of its immenfe riches, magnificent buil<ttngs, 
its powerful arnwimentfr by fea and land^ is 
juftly celebrated by the antiem hiftortans,as 
it was raifed by its* wonderful induftry in 
agriculture. It is univerfally acknowledged 
that no coutHiried in the world were richer 
aad nx>re popttlous than thefe; axKi it muft 

be 



.1 ■■ iiijwpii III!* mf^r^wmn 

I R ? L A N D. xSg 
beallovedf that the ftreng(h of a ftatcis 
not to be computed by extent of countryi 
^ by the number and lab^^ur of its inha- 
bitants. Agriculture, it mud be confeflfedt 
KS9 in a niauner, the prima materia of all 
commerce, yet the farmer will find a vent 
for his commodities to be as neceflary to his 
end, as his knowledge in the methods of 
railing them ; for this reafon he ought to 
inform himfelf how his commodities may be 
ibid in the beft. manner, which he may do 
|>y framing his notions according to a paft 
fcarcity of this or that commodity, or a pro- 
l>ability of future dethand for it ; for could 
we be prevailed upon to provide fufficiently 
ibr our own coi^fumption in the article of 
liread:corn, we might from the favourable- 
nefs of the foil of Ireland in a fhort time be 
-able to fupply others and render the balance 
lof trade, atprefentmuchagainftus, greatly 
in our favour, as is explained more fully in 
ian excellent pamphlet intitled the Lift of 
Abfentee^, with Obfervations on Trade, as 
ipublilhed in Dublin in 1769, ty the ingeni- 
-ous Mr. Morris, 

With regard to experiments in a^ricul- 
(ture, which have of late been made m this 
ieingdom, there are many which have done 
honour to the inventor, particularly chofe of 
jthe late Mr. Baker of Laughtinftown, near 
Dublin, under the patronage and diredion 
<if the Dublin Society ; but it muft be con* 
feflfed that the generality of our farmers are 

apt 



i66 AURrCULTirkfe IK 
apt to conceive that they have rfmd) 
brought the bufinefs o^tHlage. t6 perfeflioni 
but would they put In practice ftich treJf 
ufeful hints as have been, or -may be 00111* 
inunicatcd, we fhoold not have fuch fc 
quent complaints of the miicarfiage of tint 
experiments ; biit many of them will flit 
quu theif oW beaten track, though wpi 
by the moft powerful argumeilts foanded 
upon reafon and backed by the expcrioMt 
of wife and faithful perfons. And were otf 
fiflieries, that treafure which Providenceta 
thrown at our doors, more attended to^ i 
would undoubtedly be of great and \wf^ 
tant advantages to Ireland. 

With regard to the different kinds of t» 
nure, made ufe of in Ireland, 1 (hall hrittj 
relate fuch particular properties of them, * 
may conduce to the advant^c of thcftf' 
mer, &c. Of Sand.— The propereft f* 
for manure is that taken upon the fca cwft 
^hich is a compofttion of fea (hells, fevefll 
kinds of ftones, as parts of liniic-M 
fpars, frce-ftone,. &c. But it diffefB* 
ijiS qualities in fevcral bays^ for in Dung*^ 
Van harbour the fend is df a light greyed 
lour and weighty ; the greater part of »• 
compofition are particles of lime -ftone, * 
fend affi3rdiTig lint by calcination, aml^'"^ 
abounds with grains of fpar^or traflpii'^ 
'flint, and thele have been e*perieitcdl ^ 
many occafions ufeful in^ inyproving h^C 
The fand of Youghati harbour, iedf are^ 

dill 



p 



mmm. 

1 R E L A 1^ D, .167 
difti colour, and being taken np neaV the 
Black-water river, Its fiilts being wafhed dff 
tender? it; not fo ufefi^ as the other, for the 
fand jiift drainejl from the fait water, fo that 
it can be conveniently carried, is better thatt 
that which lies long expofed to the weather j 
but throughout this kingdom thofe who r«- 
jfide. within, a few miles of the fea coaft 
would find their advantage in proportion to 
the ufe^of the fea fand x>r manuring with 
Ihells, which is more particularly fecom-.- 
inended in Rowland's Agriculture, printed 
in Dublin in 1769* and Dr. Cox, in the 
Philofophical Tranfadlions. 

Earth being a compofition of gravel fand^ 
ind clay, yet .clay without fand and gravel 
to op?n it, is unfit for the purpofe of vege* 
jation, and fo are likewife tiiefe gravel and 
fand without clay. Many have made ufc 
of falts in opening clay inftead of gravel or 
fand; thus, gravel, clay, fand and falts ar6 
to each other proper manures, as their pro- 
portions vary, arid accordingly it is the prac* 
tice to manure with (and, fea-thells, lime^ 
ialt?, aflie^ &c. 'Pure fandy foils are feldom 
to be met' with in this kingdom, hut where- 
vcf ^hey occur, f. mixture of day is un- 
4ioubtealj[ the'prop^r^ft manure, as is related 
ia the.Philofophicat TraqfaAic«is, abridged 
jhy.t^l^thorp, &.c. v(il. 2» p.^ 

In; very few places in ff eland li/ne.is burnt 
Forraaiiure.; but where it is necefTary. kilns 
atefo eafiiy ereded, that the country peo- 
ple 



i68 AGRICUL 
pie build theniy occafionally tbemftlves; 
An ad of parliament having reftrainedui 
fome meafure the burning of land, therefon 
that pra£tice is but little ufed here; but when 
it is aflually neceffary, this method o 
burniiig it is recommended — The groom 
is to be raifed up with a plow, then Ai 
workman is to lift up the fore part of thcfo 
With the grafFer, the fides of it having bed 
firft cut with the plow ; thus, all coarii 
fough, moffy and heathy grounds may b 
burned. Every field carries its own manui 
for that time ; but more than two croj 
ought not to be taken off, and the next yea 
to fallow, manure the ground, and (b lean 
it in heart ; for it is highly improper whc 
a farmer cuts up and burns fods, which ar 
one or two thirds of the foil, for then be- 
fides the confumption of the ground, he 
forces too great a quantity of (alts for the 
prefent, and ftarves the remaining crops. 
The fires ought to be as numerous as poffible; 
whereby a more equal fertility will follow, 
It being great indifcretioo to have iarce heaps, 
for tlie fire cannot then draw to thiem the 
juices of the contiguous earth. The heaps 
ought not to be fuffered to lay long on the 
ground, but to fpread them as (bon as die 
hills arc well burned and to cover them with 
the other foil, thereby the hot aflies wi&de- 
ftroy the vermin and the feeds of noxious 
plants, they will likewife warm the earth and 
expel the barren juices. £y adhering to 



IRE LA N iD. a^9 

this practice a conflderable coat of^fl& m^ 
bedxpe&ed the fiirft y^r a£ter:it is laid doom^ 
and ibe hafband^an will 4o jaftice^to Iiim- 
felf and to his landlord ;: for though it .is 
tbecdftom in Ineland to fet ^tbe lands, by 
public cant, or by* the highefl pvopofal, iapd 
generally for (hort tenures ; ^hich^ did Jthe 
bndbrd judicioirfly confider thfeimppopriety 
0f ibis meafure it might induce him to 
judge from the folvency df Jiis.tcnant, his 
knowledge of hufl)andry, and other .paiti-i- 
ctilars, ^s df more material confeqiienc^ to 
him,' than a few ((hillings an «ore more .for 
bis land ; befides, many who have lalcenfuch 
lands at fuchra^k rents, and their leafes for 
three lives or $i years, which aire the nfaal 
terras, the 'tenant near ^he>^iration of his 
le^fe, knowing -fee wUl not 4iave the .prefe- 
rence^of renewing it, too often aeglqats. the 
land and fnfffers it to gey to ruin. 

The fowl ng <>{ -^rafs/eeds i& alto v^y be- 
neficial to tlie farmer^nd is ajgreatimpcoTC^ 
mcntto laad. 

There have been of late years a coH&der- 
ikble increafe of agriculture \n this kingdom, 
arififlg principally from the attention beftowr- 
ed onr it.by the 4ioufe of commons, frogiitht 
many laws enacted' in its favour, atid. from 
the -parliameAtftry ' aflSftance giveij ito^aH iit? 
tenets cafcukted for. its4mpi;oviement^aQd 
txtenfion, and^alfo* fey tfie encouragement 
given to many improvifig^tenants by. their 
jandbrds, particularly by ^the Right Hon. 
I Thomas 



fi7o AGRICULTURE in 

Thomas Connolly, that great lover of Im 
country, to his tenants in the North of Ire- 
land. By his grace the Lord Primate to his 
tenantry. By the Marquis of Rockingham 
to his tenants in the county of Wicklov. 
By the Earl of Moira, by Lord Vifcouat 
Southwell, and by Lord Shelbume to their 
refpedtive tenants, and many other noble- 
men and gentlemen of property in Ireland, 
who are too numerous to infert in this work, 
but who are juftly and dcfervedly efteemed 

Thefe three following forts of wheat ait 
principally recommended, viz. the white 
lammas, the red bald lammas and the beard- 
ed wheat, and this laft efpecially for coU 
moid grounds. When wheat is intended to 
be fown in Auguft, the farmer ihould have 
old feed and he (hould foak it in brine and 
lime it, which prepares it for fprouting and 
prevents fmut. The wheat brought into 
the haggard (hould be preferved upon (lands, 
for ail corn fo preferved there are premiums 
annually given by that truly patriotic body 
the Dublin Society. 

Beer barley requires the richeft, melloweft 
and <irye(l :foil, it thrives bed in limeftone 
land, which if diy and not fpringy, wett 
cuhivated aivd manured, will bring a larg^ 
crop,and potatoe ground after one crop is ex- 
cellent for r producing this grain. Engliih 
barley is a tender plant and cannot bear the 
froft. It has two rows of grains. It is 
inore difficult to fave here than .in England, ] 

the 



II IL E::nrA N D: 171 
the grain having a t\m Ikin is early pene- 
trated byjjthe rain Of wtet lands, whereby it 
fwells, and if not well dried changes its colour^ 
Oats. In this kingdom there are diflPe- 
rent kinds, viij.the Vi6tnfiien whitc^ much 
approved of ^y; feedens of horfes, Englilh 
black oat whidi yields moft flour having a 
thin (kin, grey oat which is a poor fort, 
but wilJ tlt^^'iy? wl)cre neither wheat nor 
barley will,^ it is therefore of great advan- 
tage to the hulbandrnan. Large tradls of 
arable lan4 haying l^jeeq converted into paf- 
ture for cattle, jn the provinces of Ulfter 
and Munfter particularly, which have con- 
iidcrabiy wicreafed of late years, by this 
in^??is^feyeral vjllagcs have, been deferred by 
their inhabitants, in^ny of whom were, daily 
frnigratfng,tp Amcric^j 'e(pccially from the 
ear 1774153 1780 ; .fpr the feieding of cat- 
tle requiring few hands, little expence, and 
not fo liable to cafualties by the badnefs of 
;_die weather, have induced many proprietors 
ip£ land to purfue this method rather than 
lillage, which is too much neglefted in ma- 
jrjr.placesif and thou^ we find by repeated 
experience we have^ not enough! to fupply 
ourfeiyes, yet we frequently fee the families 
of oneortwocabbins, being able to manage 
large dairies which occupy great tradts ot 
jand,.^and!f;an (ubfift tbemfelves with an 
^re or two oi potatoes and a little milk, 
iiefidef this Rraitice is contrary to true policy, 
for tfie face of any country lying quite un- 
I Z improved, 



'--^r, g IJI IliPllfllfPiP Jl.l| 



Ae^Northby;tjlteer, on ^^tft %y €on- 
nau^ht, xtti 'the*i56utfe%^ pmi of 'Muiffljcr 
atrfdpirtof flic !tini:(aik«na^ ^d bn tte 
Eaff by the Taitie charnicl. -ltd IcIAgth -fre«tt 
fJorth to SotJtii, iV ^/fttWn^tV^terfordte 
Carlittgfor^,' trmotmts 4o *botit ^(^4. ^tes, 
its brdiadth frCto ca(ft to 'Weft, ffbm^Wowft 
to Athlbtie ^bout ^56, the cii-cumferenccis 
560 mtfes. 'fts p-rrtcipal fcaVboiit^ ate, -Dfo- 
ghfeda, 'Diiblin, 'Blindam, ^*WicW<3w,"'a?fc- 
tew/amd Weicfotd; 6Tid%<Jompri^estvridfc 
coiintifes, -^Iz. ^Loiith,/^Eift M^t^h, IS^cft 
Mtath, DubKn, ^ildbfe,«m|;^HdJQueetfs 
Gotinty, Widklow, GarbW, XSketttoy and 
Wdcford. 

Thtsi prot^ince cotnams oheafdhbilhqpnc 
j biftidprics, arid abofut i'i3j;i06c>1i6ttfcs,-8 j8 
panlhfels, ^9 bafbnits airfd^5^ borotighis; i i^ 
principal titers larie the Boyne, • Liffey, Baf- 
itow, ' Ntier, Slane and the ItiRy. 

The ' Boy ne is etfebraterf' fbr rtheriaoiy 
obtained on itsbariks hyK\tjg Wilham ^vtt 
King, J^mts. ' This •province is compttted*io 
eohtain z^^.g^^ Irifti plao<<«ibiv litres, -er 
4V^8i,r55 Britifli ^dfes : 1 it Was^fibfm^ 
governed by. patqr fcirtgs t)f hs <wn.?^it « 



X.E I;N]S;T:E R. i?3 

now the moft: papultuS) io: t>hp kingdom 
atKli?t4KJ inhatitaftisr-^a the. moft polite, 
and^.i*igWjiiDal5 aa2oaV)Ua pmt^ftants as any 
joc tbfi^. Bmifli:; dprnirnQna, Leinfter i« very 
wen.cuhivaiieLd,:cnjoy«: a, remarkable good 
tv and abi(»iiiid^^in?iCom, Qaule,. hoi^f^s, fear 
foivlandififl). :T[}helic>gcrf:AJ|en^ Oi^Mrgeft 
iof. tbe kingflocn^: elife^dfoj%ln)Q0;' acf pj^ tb^ 
whoklpjfcagnce ;ftam,:ciaft: t^ wefl:,, thceugh 
ivhich the:Ncw:.Qari*L ii^ieow <;v»titing; th^ 
tiirf o£ tbifii bog ijsr^cm^ed the beft in he-? 
baaxb Ti^ pravincQ givflS(tfe« titk of duk« 
toq ttei a,^i«ar; ifemily .^f •^lfit?gei^jdfc lat^ 
eaiterf:Krid?jf^.j.:'EHe^t5»ftees of th^'lin^ 
loamifddtfre fian Jh« : pr^viope ^t I^§fnfteT» 
are 

Lord QiaJicoHiM- for the tif^wi j^eiag^ 

Duke. of l^nftfcr. 

EarlofAalwnH 

EarLoCTV«»W. .' .. > 

Earl of Hilllboroughv ^ - 



1: -J 



EadbfoClairfamHii 
JBaarl ofi^Rodeik, .» 
IjtDrdc. Vi£ . . Qifiinigbftme^ 
'.LordVifi Stcraopnt* 
JtSttia Sba^fitoni , 
I Rt.: Hoa;r%r Archibald Aciiefos, ^. 
ThoHiascCobbe^ Efq^ 
Ra Hon. Jaoics. Eoritefeue^ 
Sin WiiliaiQ Fowneis, Be 
Rt/ Honu. Jolm Ponfont^, 
iRt. H6n,j(a«en WjtaxieK 

LSi. County 



174 COUNTY OF 
County of Kildare. 
This county is bounded on the nonh by 
Eaft Meath, on the fouth by Catherldugb, 
on the eaft by Dublin and Wic^low, and on 
the Weft by the King*s and Qjieen's coun- 
ties. Its length is about ^7 xm\es and its 
breadth 23. It is a fine amble xbuntry, the 
foil beiOg very rich add fertile, and the air 
temperate and pleafant,: well watered by the 
Barrow, LiiFey, and other rivers, and is well 
inhabited throughout and' cultivated. It 
contains 228,590 Iri(h plictitationiu:res, 9000 
hdufes which ai^e daily inrireafing, 100 pa* 
rilhes, 10 baronieisj 4 borou^,i^ and returns 
lb ttierabete ' to parliaiitent*: Tbc^ichicf 
towns are 

Xildare. ' ?! KilciiHcn;- I - 
Athy. ' NfaynJoth. 

Naas. Kii{Q6clL 

Caftletown. H«rrifl6y^n.: 

Monaftcrevirt*. f (.'!.' I 

Kildare, the oftpital town of the county, 
and gives the title of tnarc^uis tolthe duke of 
Leinfter, on whofc anocftors the caftle and 
town of Kildare were beftowed by Edward 
II. who alfo conferred thd tltlfe ofviarlof 
Kildare on this noble fanwly >df Fttxgerald. 
James the father of bis «ace Williain the 
prefent duke of Leinfter, Vasccreated duke 
by his prefent majefty. This town is govern- 
ed by a fovcreign, recorder, and two por- 
trieves. It is the iee of a biihop.who has 
precedence of ail the Icifli .bhlibps .except 
: .. that 



K I L D A R E. 175 

that of Mieath ; but as this fee is but very 
pborly endowed, the biftiopsof KiWatefor 
the time being are alfo deans of Chriftchurcb, 
Dublin, k is 24. miles W.: from. Dublin^, 
and the poll goes twice a week.. 

Kilcocfc. A town of no confiderable trade r 
there are two good inns in it^ but the bcft is 
Byrne% the new inn. Though the town is 
much frequented by travellers it is fufferei 
tp remain negledted, the houfes many of 
them being in a ruinoas condition ; it is oa^ 
the great road to the north of Ireland* 

Monafterevin. A fmall town of inconfi- 
derablfc trade-, near this town is the celebrated 
Gurragh of Kildare, which is- a large, open, 
kvel plain, large enough for a camp of ten 
thoufand men ; the horfe races there, are the 
raoft eminent in the kingdom, they begin 
annually on Eafter Monday 5 it is reckoned 
by all fportfincn to be the beft race courfe; 
in Europe* This town is 28 milefe from-. 
Dublin, and the poft goies^ twice a week. 
Many of the inhabitants in this part of the 
county are employed in the linen manufac- 
ture. 

Kilcullen. A neat market town, 20 mrle>^ 
§. W. of Dublin, well known by all travel- 
Jets, being in the high road from Dublin to 
thefouth part of Ireland : the poft goes twice: 
a- week. 

Cartort> The feat of his grace the duke 
tf Lcinfter, which contains a magnificent 
^Ad elegant ftone houfe with large and con- 

I4 fiderabk ^1 



t^e c a u N T Y a F 

fider« We offices, the demeftie isfo highty ira* 
proH^ed, that art and nature' united cannot 
pr6duce a nior* d^ant atid deKghtful fpot; 
the affiilanoes of art having never been fparcd 
by this illuftrious fiimHy to render it facb, 
however great the expence.. Strangers arc 
politely admitted to view the manfion and 
gwrdens^and being only. lo miles S. of Dub- 
lih, it is iwelb worthy their attention. 

Haniftown. Is a fmalJ borough town, 
diftant from Dublin 17 miles fomh weft; 
it is governed by a fovercigrt and burgeffes. 

Achy; Is a' fmall nc&r town^, and has* a 
^od' riiarfeet, diftatit froirr DnbHn 31 miles, 
fouth, anxt frbrfj Kildare 10 niileS f6titH, fitvh 
ated, upCHi the river barrow^ oyer which 
tbe0eris?a bridge. It is governed by a fove- 
rdgn; two* bsrifliiFs^ and a recorder ; and- the 
affiles are sdteinatriy held hete and at Naa& 
I^ong; 10 ^a iat. 55. o. Thcpoffi gpe% fVom 
and tb Dublin^ cwiee a w^ck; 

M»yn©atb. A lai^e vrllagc? nfanr Carton*; 
part of die eftate of the Dufce o£ Leinfter. 
BiAdmt fit>m DabJin i a miles,, weft. The 
poft goes once a week. 

Naaei The* aifizes arer held here alter- 
Mtoly as in Athy, and is the (hire town f^ 
it isf finally but has a good market. There 
have been two exceeding large long ftones 
placed here as bounderies, it is fuppofed, o£ 
the' aniieiit kings. This town is fuuatedon 
the great fonth road i4'mikS'S» W. fronr 

Dubl&Tr 



• fe it:p a: R E. i7r 

DtftHn-, ancf {J^njdi'tvro- mtn»Jiei*-to parlla* 
niert^/ • P<iif!.g(i»es once Jttwek; 

ttrft* bf Tbkfott'tW tfie Dtike- of- n,ei'nifeft ' ; 

Thr GOQrtry of' Latfth isiogncferf oi> tHfe 
north By- Armagh and CarHh^fbfxfbay^ oh 
W?e cifl^Sfj;^ St. ©eorge^fe di^trtiM, 6h tBc 
fetitH^Ctlittlnr^^^ fl-6wwHicl!r«.is parted 
bythc fivei-Boyne/and pn Aie welt b^ 
Jkft'jyfcath and ^lo/lg|haTk' Tjl^.ftjff isex^ 
ceeiirri^' ftoiifnf. in' Ccim ipd gf afe, andl the 
i-iriilTe?htifal'and pleafi'nt. It ip- tHe, fto^?^ 
eft county in^frefenfj^bt?ng-only ar'^milte m 

aiW^i3V?ni;)t^a<h'/m)ni;Riin*^ tp'Clbn^ 

Ifci'tteS^;' cbntairis^ f2^,g8W iri(}» pltet^tii^ 

acfjb, afbelit'pooo hbufts, and' 5b:pariftfc)^ 

It foidis.tiMno members' to. parHam^nt for tfte 

cotrnty; and- two for Drogheda:, Dtln^ 

d^lk, Carling^ord^ Atherdee and' Dunl^et. 

ll'Cdntflfts mwiy nionutpents^ pf ' 'Antiqtrity, 

wtff drf^ttlg, ^ attention of thecunona, 

lis iir- p^rticViiari^ 'noticed in the patticultrr 

places- whtre tfiej; : occqr. Chief towns? an? 

• Dtogliedji/ '• Atherdee. 

Pund(alk. ; Pimteer. 

' C^Vlingford; ' 

pr6g(hed^. Ife a Botoiigh, amarl^et and 

a jJoflr town , land' is: the, moft' ancient- and 

krgcflJ town in itelimdV It was formerly 

well forttfiedi but the caftlc and wall vicre 

L 5 demoliflied 



1 



r 



llUff. 

178 C O U N T Y 6V 
demolithed by Oliver Cromwelly. in 16491 
who bcficged Drogeda with an. army o? 
10,000 men, tpok tHjs town by dorm, and 
put the whole garrifon, confifting of 4,000 
meni to the fword. It ftands near the 
mouth of the river Boyne, on a bay of itt 
own name. The harbour i$ very good, tho* 
the entrance is fomewhat difficult ; and there 
is a very great trade carried on here^ which 
is every day irnprpving, Iparticularly^to the 
north of hreland, for wHich it is moft con- 
veniently fituated. There are imported from 
England hither^ ' coni^derable quantities of 
coau, not only for the ufe of the city but 
a'fo for the adjacent country, .which arc 
conveyed to a great diftanc^ by means of 
!the ifiver Bpyne^i which i^ a rpoft noble and 
grand river, apd of a very great depth, efpe- 
cially near the centre of the town, wHichi is 
divided by this river into two partis, and has 
a ftrong ilone bridge over it, which leads 
into Shop^ftfeet. 

It is diftant trom\ t)ublin z3 miles 
north,, and from the Iri(b Channel 5 miles, 
and gives the title of Earl to. the, nipblc 
family of Moore. About i^ee miles weft 
of this place on the river Boyne there is 
a magnificent Obelilk erefted, in memory 
of King William IIId*s paflage and vic- 
tory there^ in. 1 690, a few days after which. 
King Jameses garrifon iq Drogheda fur- 
lendered to King William. It is at preient 
governed by a niayor, aldermen and iberifis^ 

and 



LOUTH. 179 

and hath a barrack for two companies of 
foot. The mayoralty houfe is an elegant 
ftone edifice, with a larjge aflcmbly room 
therein, fituated on the north fide of the ri- 
ver. The Tholfel is alfo peculiarly well a^ 
dapted for that purpofe, in which are 1^ 
feflions houfe and many elegant apartments 
for the ufe of the citizens to tranfa^ bufmefs^. 
And St. Lawrence's gate is another antient 
building ; befides many others 

In the year 838, the Oftmen or I^nesi. 
arriving in a fleet of near fixty fail, poifeiTed. 
themfelves of the mouth of the river Boyne 
at this town. Several privileges were grant- 
ed to this place by Edward II: efpecially that: 
of a mint ; and. in 1-365^ am acadctiiy^ waSr 
credted here, with many ample privileges fort 
the education of youth but for want of pro:^ 
per fupport it was foon dropped. There is,, 
however^ at prefent here an academy kept 
by the Rev. DoSor. Norris* . 

This city nnadea remarkable defence ih: 
the rebellion of 1641, under; Lord Moor, 
and Sir Henry Tichburn, but wa» at U&, 
obliged to furrendcr to the Duke of Ormonde 
and' Lordt Inchiquin. The poft goes fromj 
hence fix times a week to Dublin. Lon. 1 1^*. 
5- lat. 43. 45. The two principal harbpurs* 
in the countyi of Louth^. ar er* thofe : of * 
Drogheda and Dundalk. The bay.of DunTr 
dialk has'good moorings at all timese of ? die 
moon, in four to upwards of eight fathoms » 
^atec, in which arc many very, good land/ 

markg . 



18© CO ITN T T O F ^ 

itidrics either for bringing up or makri^ the 
Ibwn of Dimdalk, and in croffing the bar at 
high water^ or ordinairyr neap tides, there is 
frotti 1$ to 1 8 feet water, and the port is 
very fefe fo* (hipping. The bay abounds 
with sill forts of fifh cttftomary in the' channel 

Dunklaik. Is diftant from ETrogheda 20 
H^iles^ north, a»id 4^: from Dublin, north. 
R ie a borough, a market and a poil towm 
It is very ftrong both by nature amd art, and 
iS&^^on^^h^y of it« own nam^. In 1 649^ up- 
dfi' the approach of Oliver Cromwell, the re« 
b^ls cfuiued this town^ as did allb^ in 16S9, 
the popifh garri(bd^ at the arrival of Duke 
Schonfeerg. Edward Bntee, brother of 
Robert king of Scotland, was defeated 
a^f this town, and S,ooa of his men were 
kfll3c^ silfter having reigned as king for one 
ytop in Ireland, and refided ki this town. 

This' was a royal city in the reign of Ed- 
ward II. when it was a place of confiderable 
ftitettgtby being furroundcd by a number of 
(^tes and towers, patticulavly at Ratb^ 
^ailriehaair and Rood's town; Several d[ 
the mi^archs^of Ireland Were crowned and 
r^^d here. Sm^l caftles* appear tc^hcive 
b«^ferftierXy th^ ordraary vefidemre of th6 
inlitfbiiailtS) they being built very ih-ong foi 
tteir d)$fence^ aAd at: convenient diftaaces 
firdm^eiohrothcr. 

' iCillan^^. This iig an antient towny wbidb 
ifftatated verylowandbythe&ieofi arivev 
\«U9h witals iis^cotttfea little tattyond^it^. but 

its 



J 



» 



L O U T H. ifti 

being ki fo low a fituatlon renders tf.not 
ranch noticed^ It had a vevy fine old chuix:h, 
and a ft one bridge over the river leading, ta 
it, which is now almoft in ruins*. Theceua 
a littte fort err camp adjoining, to it^ wi a 
hrgq' and beautiful green mic^nt,. called 
mount Killany v the l^ight of it is 70 feet, 
and the circumference at the top raoi It is 
fuppofed to have been an ancient burial place, 
and thifr monument raifed to perpetuate^ the 
memory of fomeprince. Spencer fej^s, ^in his 
view of the ftate of Ireland^ " It was a great 
^^ ufe aniongft the Irifh^ to make great.a^ai* 
" Wics toother upon a rath or hill, there 
*^ to paisley, as is j^id, about matters and 
" wtongs between townlhip^and townfliip 
** or one private peribnf and another. Far- 
" ther that' thefe round bills and fquarc 
** bawns, which we lee fo llrorgly trenched 
** and fhrown up> were at firfl? ordained foir 
** the fame purpofe,. that people: -might, al** 
** lembfe themfelves ther-ein,, and therefore 
^^ amiently they were called Folfc^mo»t€SL" ' 
Athe^-deeor Ardee. Is fituated 31 mUe9 
N. W. from' Dublin, 8 miles- from Drogbe*- 
da^ aiid (lande^ upon ar fmaU river that £alb 
iBto ODundalic Bay, and there formsa fmaU^ 
bariiour. It is a raarlcet town,, thp- incoivfi** 
durable, ahda boroug^^ The poft goes-toi 
I^ublii> twice a week : There is a magnifi^ 
cent mount, called the dftle Guard o^ 
Aihcfrd'ee, which is inciqfed wi^h a double 
ditch. The perpemiieuiar height of it is ^cr 
• feet, 



r 



182 COUNTY OF 

feet, the circumference *of the top is aboat 
140, and round the foundation 60b feet. 
It is fuppofed to be a burial place of fome 
of the ancient Irifti. kings ; there is a fnnlall, 
but fine old caftle, called the Caftle of Kil- 
lingcool, which is between this town and 
Dundalk, fituated upon an eminence full in 
vie^y of all the adjacent country. Under- 
neath it are various vaults and caves of near 
12 feet fqiiare, and are faid to communicate 
by a long fublerraneous paffage with Caftle 
Derver, diftant about 6 furlongs. There 
are alfo in the neighbourhood of this tdwa 
feveral mounts, which were ere<5ted to per- 
petuate the memory of fome of the antient 
chiefs ; this manner of burial in Ireland we 
have great reafon to believe was firft pra6ti- 
fed by the Danes, according to Joannes Cy- 
preus, an eminent writer of their nation, 
who faysr ** It was cuftomary with them 
** before they could have time to build py- 
^ ramids, or raife obelifks, to the memory" 
•* of their kings and great men, to ere6t 
** over them vaft hillocks of earth, heaped 
** as high as mountains, and chiefly in fuch* 
** places thro- which men continually tra- 
*^. veiled, as high road&and public paflages; 
** that by this means they might confecraic- 
^ to polierity the memory of their moft^ 
" celebrated men, and in a rnanner, render^ 
** their names imniortal.** 

Drumiflcin. Ifi this village is one of thofc- 
Daailh round ftone towers, which is- iio^ 

ficct 



18,3 

feet higbv and beautifully diminifh from a 
bafeof 1 8 feet. W*at'was the firft inten- 
tion of thefe fowefs,' is not generally known;, 
ibme Imaginethem to have been Watch tow- 
fers or beacons; others, that they were pur?: 
giatorial pillars in which the penitent wasim-. 
rnured till it Was thought he had purge4 
away his crimes : But, it is mod probable 
to fiippofe, that as ,they are always found. 
hear churches, they w^^ere dcfigned for bell- 
fries, of Gurfew lleeples to warn the people^ 
of any dariger^ or to call the people together, 
to hear niafs, &c. 

- Caftlebellingham (commonly called Ger- 
nand's-town). Is a fmall incdnfiderble town, 
but is remarkable for there haying been for- 
merly a very ftrong camp on a mount called 
Greeri Mount, which is fituated near this 
town, upon the fiimmit of aiarge h'Hi and 
commands an agreeable point of view of fe- 
veral other remarkable objefts which every 
way enliven the prbfpedt round it. The 
people thit .live near it have a tradition, that 
bere wa^ held the firft parliament in Ireland; 
|iut there, iafe other accounts' which fay, the' 
ftril Irifll parliament was held in tTie coiinty- 
of ^leath. On the plains of Ballinahatney 
is a fort or bode, whicb is fuppofed to be one 
of the coftimoii kind of habitations belong-' 
ing to the firft planters. Thefe forts, Spert*^ 
per fays, w'ere ete(£ted' fdr their ftcurity,* 
** for the Daries in Ireland being at firff but* 
^ few in number, built thqm on fmall round 
•^ • T • *^ hills^ 



iff4 C O U N T Y' O^F 

**^ hills or mounts,, ancj^ were very ftrongl^ 
**' fenced }a every; quarter of the faundro^ 
* to the end that ii ih the ^ night or anj 
" other time^, any troubFes, cry or iigroat 
" fliould hapjpen,, tftey mig^bt repair wittiaB 
** fpeed unto thei* own fort, which was ag 
*^ pointed for their quarter, and there remaili 
" fife, till they could aflerjible themfelves 
** in greater. (IreBgfh : for they were naadfefi 
V fffoi^g wJ^h one fmall' entrance, that 
** wfiofoevcr came thither firft, were be 
** one or two, or like few, he or they migbt 
" there reft fafe^. and defend therafe^ea 
** againftmany, till more fuccour came unto 
** tliem: and when they, were gathered to a 
** fufficient number, they matched unto the 
^ next fortt^ and fo forward iJll they met 
** the per it or knew the GiccaS0'6n thereof.'* 
Sec Spencer's (late of Ireland. 

Dunleer, This, ftnall market town is£tu- 
ated between Ardiee,and Drogheda^and is 
%} mjles from Dublin— Here arc the re- 
mains of a Iianilh:.T![emplfeto^b? feen,. whiclk 
By fonw is'called Killing Hill, ^d i& nca« 
the plains of Dundalk; uhasaU'thfi n^ackif 
of having been a ,magni&cent, building.— 
bjear this hill is. Pa^Bs: na ain eijhe^ oi; the 
one. night's, work./ It is a. very iibwrnniott 
huildiiifo repbfenjting^t a diftance tne ruins 
of ahiold cattle,, andt one yvay^ thcftumpof 
a. Danilhi Tower \ the (hape^of it, r6fembj*e& 
the hulli.of an antique (bip^ and the walli» 
of i% are near 7 feet thick; ii is fuppofed 

to 



wmp^^ 1. Ai|pi!|i|i Kj^iiwip « lyjipi Jill II I P ij II ,4 L •ii^wv^ 

L a U T .H. 185 

te be the tomb ormoftument of feme of the 
firft adventurers to this illand, or pirates* ^ 
ihe weftefn feas being much infefted witli 
tfiem. before th« conqueft of this kingdom* 
hi this county is a very old curious crofs, 
ibout 1 8 feet high, called St. Boyne's Crofs* 
It is faid to be all; of one ftone ; it was feni; 
frorti Rome and ercded by order of the 
Pope. On one fide is a figure reprfefenting 
Chrift, and on the other Sci Patrick ; at the 
bottoni are the figures of Adarn- and Eve^ 
and alfoa figure of Si. Boyne. There is a 
fort of Hiftory of tbe.creationy all fcuiptur- 
edtlitoughout. At f orfeckaw, near Dun leer, 
wfe the remains of a fiiie ofdcaftle, belong- 
ing to the See of Armagh, and formerly one 
•f the feats of the Lord Primate of all Ire- 
land, wherein he ufed to refide a confidcr- 
abte part of the year. Atclibifhop Uflier was 
it3 laft inhabitants It is pleafantly fituated 
ky the fide of a pleafant riven 

Athenry. This town is fuppofed to be, 
by Qmden, the Rigia or Regia of Ptolemy, 
Itgiyes- the, titk of Baron to tlie Earl of 
l-omh; and that of Vifcount to the noble 
&mi\y of Nettcrville. Between this; town 
and Carlingford is Caftle-Rath, ,and appears 
to have been antiently the refidenee of fame 
R^ffon; of diftinftioit ; probably that of a 
bi(hop OF abbot, by a chapel being^adjoiaing 
to it; near it are feveral forts or saths^ and 
o^ar the fort iSiafepulchral raoufnt,, which 
evidently appears ta h^V/e^ keen o^de^ uCt [of 

" for 



r 



%,t JIVI^MWqpj 



i86 COUNTY OF 

for that purppfe. Homer by two very lonjf. 
paflages in his Iliad fcems to rntimate that this 
was long ago. the pradiice both of the Greeks 
and Phenicians; and their manner of 
burying the -dead, particnhrly heroes and 
eminent men,, of which the monument of 
Patroclus, in the 2 .?d book of tlie Ilrad, and 
that of Hedor in the laft, are notable inftan- 
ces of this fopt^ Defcribing the fianeral of 
the firft of thefe heroes Mr. Pope thus tranf- 
ktes that poet. 

The facred relicks to the tent they bore^ 

The urn a viel of linen cover'd o*er ; 

That done, they bid the fepulchre afpire^ 

And caft the deep foundations round the 
pyre. 

High in the midft they heap the fwcBii^ 
bed 

Of rifing earth, menwrial of the dead. 
* Caftletown. A fmall town in the county 
of ,I^uth, is remarkable for a mount called 
after this town, confiding of a feirge fortv 
and is fuppofed from its appearance it was 
a royal or chief Danifh ftalion ; for fuch it 
appears to have been well worthy of, having 
near it a magnificent fepulchre, m which 
fome of their mod eminent captains lie in- 
terred. The town from whence this caftle 
takes its name, was facked and deftroyed by 
Edward Bruce, brother to the King of Scot- 
land about the year 1318. 

Carlingford. Stands on the fouth fide of 
a large-bay of its own name, where, there is 
^' * rooia 



LOUTH. 187 

room for: a very coDfiderable navy. The 
bay is about 4 miles long and as many broad, 
and in the narrowed part two miles broad : 
and having from 10. to 20 fathom water in 
mod places, at the bar there is water enough 
for any (hips not drawing above 22 feet, and 
is very deep in the entrance ; but there be- 
ing feveral rocks, bet ween which the paflages 
are narrow, it is little frequented by (hip- 
ping. It is to beobferved that when In har- 
bour,, the (hrps are well defended by the 
highlands from all winds. Several of their 
(hips arc employed in the filhery on the coad, 
and oiheri^ in bringing coafe from White-' 
haven. . The town is 26 miles north of Dro^- 
iieda, and about 49 from Dublin, and is 
fmall and neat. There are feveral confider* 
able merchants here, and many of the inha- 
Utants.are employed in (hip building. It 
©vciB the trtle of Vicount to the Earl of 
Tyrconnel: Long. 11. 12. l^t. 54. 5. 

Xhc ancient town of Carlingford con- 
fided originally of a number of fmall cadles, 
which appear to have been the common 
habitations in this county in general ; that 
being the manner of building formerly ; 
bnd aa^they were bi^lt at; a fmaJI didance 
ffotti egch other, whence it is imagined in 
cafe of. fprpcizeonecadlc aifided the other ; 
the manner of building then lam informed 
by ihfs ^inhabitants of this county, was bor- 
iQsr^from th^ Spaniards, wfio formerly 
Were vififori^pf this ifland.- In' this town are 

' dill 



188 CO ITN T T OtF 

ftill to be (eentUe ruinsi of a fine aKmaftei)^ 
a^d: near it upoa the fiimniit 06 a^Hill:i9.ii 
little church: or dhajplezwith a'^e)acicfasrbuij!* 
tng place adjoining: The iicigbboiK«9 
mountains are fo high». that danr^greacfott ' 
of' the fummer (eaft>n:tbeanhabtta2its ofidtt | 
tbwn l6fe fight c^ tbe fun foi»e; hours. te» 
fore it fets in the rational horizon. 

CarKngford CaAi*, was built itr tb&reigl 1 
of King Jbhn^ ia the year* 1310. Tfc | 
foundatiotr iS'OR^a foUd roekwafliedibythfi \ 
feav iothe mouth of ' the* harbounof'Carrp^ I 
ford; fomc of the* walte a«»e iij feer thtd^ 
afid vras formcriy a^ rnagntficenti butEsiiiistiF 
great' flrength'; onioo^ fide of M/hicHwa5.a| 
platform c^r battery^^ defigKnedrfov: tftei dcSaut \ 
of the harbour, and to defend atnarccnafMift 
at the fbot ol the mouBtainst^ olofe byttfia 
fta, where very ffe\^ ^meix ^Jajm : waib: abreaf^ 
being fijrroundfedJ ^pn^t^m ildcrbyj vwy bi^ 
mountah^ atid on- die o«her By: daiig^ 
rous rocks, foflne' of wWcfc arc neav 70a 
yatdft' perpendicular^ sind beneatbtbem.aft 
.exceeding deep fea*. 

County ;ofIBASTi4B«!BH; - 

li^ bounded'. 6n' the north^'by Qiv«m aod 
Eotrth» orh the eaft'^by the JtiJh^Chaimcli « 
fHe fbuth' ^ KUdare aftdOBe^ibtfni' ai^M 
the^ Weft by' ! ongford and A^eftfneath. ft 
is ^T rtiiles' long and^ about' t4ie fame ift 
breadth; This coi!inty abounds in con* 
pa^reaod' herds- of cknlt^ tha^aSi^ and iA' 

being 



m 



wfmm 



EABT-'MEA'Ta r89 

beiiTg extf emdky good, aud is'well mhabitcd« 
Formerly this county^^had petty :fcing$. It 
contaaas :249,944 irHlr {Tlaixtarion acres, about 
9jf^Ov)hou&Syu6z ;pari(he6 and i8 barontcSf 
ftod returns the ioHof^g metBbers to:{>ai> 
iiameot^ viz. itKwajkoigbis (Sf the ihirci and 
two>f<5r-Ti'im^ Kefls, Atldboy, Navaro, D«- 
Icrfc, mvi ^atcaath; iJt /gives the title lof 
darl:to:the:nbble family of Nvtgent 

'Ebecdiiefioawns in the xounty «of/-Ea'fls-i 
nedth ai^ cbe Ifddow^iog : 

>37dm. ^ ' Drrieek, 
K^Hs. Ratoath. 

/Athbay. iAixUaraccan. 

-*Navan. 
] sA^hboy . A 4)<Mt>9gte and aTinaricet town^ 
!iiuttecii5'iiTfths fouth* weft of Trimv and a8 
fWteB'ifiorth j>t?eft'frorat Dublin. Jt caiiftfts 
^(^iond ft»eet • a^oot a ' quarter 6f a 'mirje {in 
length, the ifnarkct-houfc isa Jplain llpne 
bQi^ing)' the 'principal inn is the George, 
ijrtieye i iw^tiwiih ;gl>oid cnfeaainmcfit, »and 
is^Khe^'ibeft' on- tJiis* r^d. oH^re are many 
&sn^&i\ hodres,.4ndifi its neigbboturhood^i^ 

^Slavan, iSittta«iKl onithe river Boyne, m 
ffiiker N. xW.i ^f nDobJin. It is the principal 
reftdemrc of the bithpp of Meatb. One 
tt^oop^fchopfe^^s^quaFtecgd in the^bairack 
'laere. / • •• • t -• • • • 

«linei tKilant (ftotn Ottfelin 30 irailca 
K.^'^. M* 7-mites from Dra^cda, Wiefft. 
Thia tawtt-^as 'told out into Sam ftreets by 

lord 



I90 C O U N T Y OF 

lord vifcount Conyngham, the houfe are 
uretl built and in the modera tafte with lime 
ftone, of which there are great quantities in 
this neighbourhood. The flour mills on the 
banks of the river Boyne, are without tx^ 
ception the moft compleat in Europe, bolt ' 
under the direftion of Mr. Jebb from Qb- 
cheftcr in Suflex, who has confiderabl^ im- 
proved upon Mr. Drinkwater'sHourmiilsat | 
Selfey, near Chicheftcr. The predictors of j 
thefe mills at Slane are colonel Burton, Bb^ | 
ney Townley Balfour, Efq; and Mr. Jebb: 
and every procefs of bolting, grinding, and 
dreffing flour is carried on here very exteo- 
fively. The mills are built of lime ftone, 
contain eight floors, and have a nobl<& ap- 
pearance* They are by feycral perfbns of 
ikill efteemed, both for ftze and contrivaooc^ 
equal if not ftiperior to any ftrudure of the 
fort in Europe ; and judicioufly and con- 
veniently fituated in the cent-cr. of acorn 
(country* It appears by accurate calcuk^ 
tions-that 36,000 barrels, af wheat were 
ground into flotir laft btifveft./ The water- 
works of thefe mills are fotextenfiveaitd wdl 
i:ontrived, that in the drteft fumraer, they 
can abfolutely command nmcbmore watef 
than may be neceflary for all the purpofcsof 
faid milU. If thjsy wereja^e. to prpcureat 
all times a fufficient quantity of wheat, they 
could manufaljfture 20600 Sinks of- flour, 
owing to the great knowledge and abilities < 
of Mr. Jebb,. whp is the conductor. They 

can \ 



EAST-MEATH. 191 

^an make flaur of Irifti wheat equal to any 
imported, and able at all times to fend large 
quantities to Dublin and Drogheda from their 
vicinity to thofe places. Upwards of 6000/. 
were expended in crefiing faid mills and 
water works, aqd they are at prefent building 
granaries. Mr. Jebb's houfe adjoining is a 
beautiful ftone building, and there are many 
lioufes for the workmen, with large gardens 
to each, in a very neat and convenient man- 
ner. Here is alfo a compad church elegant-^ 
ly fitted up, the rcdtor is the rev. Mr. 
Dogherty, who has a glebe houfe adjoining, 
which is very neat and elegant. The feat 
of lord Conyngham is about a quarter of a 
mile from the town; it confifts of a large 
ancient ftone caftle, with a great many rooms, 
but for the nioft part fmall. Here is a very 
good colleftion of pidtures, many of them 
ty the moft eminent mailers. The caftle 
was befieged by King James's army in 1690, 
^nd many of the friends of King Williani 
were killed therein ; the walls of the firft 
iBoor are three, yards thick. The demefne 
is very large with the Boync river running 
thro* it, but is at prefent not in fuch order 
as it was formerly. There is a good inn at 
J51ane, with every convenience for travellers. 

Slane College is an ancient ftone buildings 
at prefent much in Tuiiis, 

jDuleek. Is fituated on the river Nanny, 
41 fmall town of no great trade. 

Ratoath. A fmall town, the neighbour- 
ing country is very fertile and as well iniprov- 



r 




19a CO UN T Y OF 

cd as any parr of this kingdom ; great part 
of which is xhc, eflate of William -Rathbomf, 
Efq. who has an elegant ''houfc widi a large 
extenfivc denocfnc. 

Ardbxaccan. Remarkable for producing 
B white . ftone ufed in buildings, tnuch rc- 
fembUng Portland ilone ; it rs iti gencid 
ufed throughout thrs province, particularly 
in Dublin, where are many edifices built 
therewith xyhich are univeifally admired. 
The Bifhop of Meath has a feat at this place , 
• Trim. The county town, is 20 miles ^ 
fiorth weft From Dublin, and is remarkable 
for feveral parliaments held here, aqd for a 
large antient caftle. . It is fituated on the 
river Boyne. One troop of Rorfc is quarter- 
ed in the barrack here ; and it has a protef- 
tant wpi^king fchool wherein 40 children arc 
educated. . It is govemdd by a fovcreign, re- 
corder and town clerk, and returns two rpem- 
bers to. parliament. 

Kells. ; A town of no confide^ablc .trade, 
aiftant from Dublin 30 miles nprth weft. 
Long. 7. 20. kt. ,53. 45. Gives the title 
pf Vifcocuit to theiioble family of Cholmon- 
ideley^ "The ' Bull Inn is the beft, but the 
Georg^ Inn is the tnoft frequented ; they ajc 
both jn the centre of the town. 
' bangan, near Trim. This is the el^ant ; 
feat of the, Earl of Morhingtpn, .which is 
equal if not fuperior to any la Ireland. The 
demcfiie contains about ^oo^crcs. The im- ^ 
provements therein are jbeyond conception, 

elegant 



ejegsu^t and ufeful % apd j^p many .parjs^ are 
temples, ftatutes and other decorations, ,cx- 
ecuted under his Iprdfhip's directions in a 
tafte peculiar' to jhat.noblcnrigp. The. greea 
hopfe^ gardens, fine gravel walte, ^ali de- 
ma4id tpe attention of the curious, to whom 
they are open by his lordthip'sprder. Stran- 
gers are always permitted to view the irtX- 
provcrnents, and invited to take .^ny.refrefh^ 
pieut they plcafe. 

The houfe is very largSv^i^^. contains 
nmajiy noble apartment?, arid jthe liall is the 
grand^ft I ever faw ; but the chapel is infi- 
nitely fuperior i;0 pojnt of real elegance to 
a:ny of the kiixd in Europe, tia.e Efcutial in 
Sp^io only excepted. The windows are of 
ilaii)fd jgfefs, ejceputjsd by jhe ingenious Mr, 
Jervas: the grft wifl<Jow feprefent^* Mofes 
writing the Ten. Comniandment^ pji table? 
^f ftpne,. the gplours are exceedingly beau^ 
jif|^l,'tHe drapery natural,. the features cxpreC. 
iline, and ijie whole figure .is as large as.life> 
in the fecond window is the figure ofot. Luke^ 
^liijGh is. alfo. exec VI ted, by the fameingehipus 
|irt|ft, in. a manner which, reflects \1ie1iighefl: 
J?o|iQijr pn hirp as an artift^ ari^ fills thp be?- 
: Wder witf^ jidpiiratign at . the ^n^aaiiv^ 
I beauty of the figure, which k highly finirtir 
\$^f and ri^ay ;be juftly efteemed ofie of thp 
l^^oft filperb paimiDgsin that way ^this otperr 
J^V^.^Wy other.Jyngdom can produce, \ : 
Injthc thfi|l window js > epf f fcWi( ^ 



PfflP" "« '^fflVIHi'.*!!'!! 



t^ COONTT OF 

is exceeding el^ant, and the features ketr 
Qireflive, that it is equsdly apt to ftrike the be- 

5|Qlder with awe and deKj^t, for theexptrf- 
ion 16 fo ftrong that the tpeAator would 
ijmapnc 'St. Paul was really deltvemng his 
oration, theiiudience attending hiro txing 
reprefented fo (Irongly agreeable to nattire, 
that few pieces of the kind can ecju^, andt 
i may venture to fay, none can furpafs it^ 
l)efides the^louring and drapery is fuch as 
Remands the attention of the curious in that 
ahxioil loft art, £ut wliat even exceeds this 
jjsJhealtar-piece, v?tiich is Hkewife in flaincd 
glafs ; there indeed the fpeAator is really 
«maz^, for thereprelcdtation of the Crxrd- 
fixion iVfot)eautifu1ly rcprefelDtcd that the 
rnind muft'be inferifible indeed that is net 
^flfedted at fo awful a fcene, elpedaily vwhea 
ihewn With fuch fuperb grandeur, and ciH 
inched ^ith every eit)beHi(hment artcaa 
^ive. The dltar: piece is of crimfon velvet 
richly iMTibr^idercd .with gold lace. The 
|>ylpit and feading;^felk Is of mahog^any co- 
vered with the ianie::*tbe'feals are likewife of 
imhogany, x^o^^eitdwittifearlet cloth. The 
wM^ <^1^^P^I ^? i^ ^be i^^^ofaic order, and is 
iifty feet Jong 4nd thirty broad. The cek- 
bratipnof'piyinc Service is conftantly per- 
forjned here cveyy <Uy^ ^nd, to ulc mf 
l6rd*i5 own expremon, he is determined to 
jpare no Jexpence to render it worthy the 
jTublioie purpofe to which it is confecrated* 
^pie organ is one cf the fineft toned tmes I 

.evtf 



BiA^T-MEAfTH. 1^5 

ever hetrd, and ih point of b^aitty and ele- 
gance is extremely Avell adapted. It is fixed 
overtbB entrance into the chapel oppofita 

':' ' ' ^ ' .. ' f , ■ ■ 

' County* of West Meath. 

This county is ix>undcd on the north by 
^e counties of Cavan and Longford, ifrom 
which it is Separated for the nipft part by the 
liver Inny.. On the caft by the cpumy of 
Sail Meatht on the feuth 1)y the King's 
Cbun^^ atid on the wdl lay. the county t>f 
Rofix>mnion. Its greateft J^ngtfa &om crA 
Id weft is about 3fi Englifh miles, from 
Caftletown near Athboy to Aihlone, and 
about 21 miflcs in breadth fromFinaytQ 
Kinh(^d: containing about 1 80^000 acies, 
jsdantation meafure, of prc£uble land, exr 
dufiveof b^s, lakes and barren nsountains^ 
including them k contains near 2^0^000 
Irifli acres. 

Weft Meath kjuftly dteemed flie garden 
pf-lreland^ being for. thei moft part of a 
JFroitf^iL and.pkafiint fc^i^ well watered with 
aiuimberof fmall rivers, lakes, andbrook^ 
agd in general Aonsd with excellent arable^ 
failure and meadow;^ grounds, producing all 
kinds of gram, plenty of tame and wild 
fowl, fruits, freih water fi(h, cattl^ and^ in 
Ihort, not deficient in any thing which can ^ 
contribute^to the u^ and emolument of life. 
It was formerly aboundii^ with many large 
forefts, but moft of the timber liaving been 
K z cut 




cot doym, Itltk Temainsof ^ theil) tmtrxbfiAs 
^nd underwocydts ; « drcmbftance .mudi to 
Ibe fe^tCdd in^bis as well jss «q. many oiher 
parts of Ireland. This county is.dividfll i 
into de vol baronies, yi«. on the north eafti ] 
Delvin ; on the nerth the Ittlf '4»^ony rf 
Fore, Corfceiy^ Moygoyfli, and Raftbcon- 
rath ; on ttie nor^ and weft iCiMcemiy 4 m 
ihe weft atid fotith CIoAlonan ^ on die tsA 
Mfoycalbell; and J^afttallav ^HMthefotidieaft, 
F(^bill, and nn tibe. GCfntre nthe'bat^ fif 
Mo^aifliell and rMal^frteiiif na». l IDii^ priDdr» 
pal cbmn^oHiiies ^re corn lof kll ibrtSy (iadofi, 
tallow, 4ax, 4iei30p,' dieefe, butter^ vooiy 
honey, wax, -ftrc. it contains iqnvardsflf 
9^0(0 ^houfes, 62 pspilhcs^ aiid iretiirnB 10 
memb^s to p^tfliam^t^ This is aor snkud 
criilnty, having no iiav^^lefhrert nor iefta* 
kfiflw! 'fnrfniifteteiyv Md theigreaaeft imi 
ht tbeinhftbi^iAs living m ftnaB tawasisacl 
villages. 

' 'The principal refidence of dae Monavchs 
6f ireland,'was dt T4tftah in Jtl^iB iconnty, 
tv^ere W6re held^hcir tibleten rfbftk 
^yentiens ftpdn* ifftpbftMtoccaiions, mBi 
ta^whfdl fefopf ed <a ^reat oon&ieaiQB <rf itbe 
nobahy and gentry. 

' -The cHiief towns in the county of Weft 
Meath, arti, * « ' « 
iWuHiriigan \ ^iF«e. 
' Jflithlencf. - Kmw^iBd. 



Kilbcgganv 



MoUingar; 



ft?is4 town, of confidk:cable trader which or 
hte has fhucb iftcreafedy.aod )s v^ery popu^v 
feus;* >h:ihatHia faaincat^: fbritv?© trqdps of 
boyre^viaiA^^t^etnarns thra nHsmikns^tcy'ptrllar^ 
mtnt.u It i$ fiwateAiwair the cjerttre . of the, 
ccmdy.i' Tfe poll: g^ J to D»bHa twke. 
ar W^k; With/ regardr to the agii^nt'hiiV 
tery of thfe' ci ty^ it appears . accoidlngr tO; 
WareTs Mdmft. thatahout the year M2^t a- 
^ofy <jP^Qswioh il^ayterwafi ftnmdedfhere^ 
Whfch v4gk«0vmrbi^the.twrnfeol tkeWuf^ 
lfGod^'4X'MpeHin^ni by Raifhrrlei'Pfitittf 
Kfhopw tW^^kfel ^ Ffeii yaraifp a cwveiH;; 
df 6fersf jfrefltcah^ foimddd^ in iz^y, by 
fRef Ni^ftts^; fesbrai dfeqpters'of the order 
|>eiHg h(gld HercTv te^ that k was a great; 
ivorMftmy: ; pais of. tbebellhtower aod iom& 

«)iii. p 2i'8j:-'l;iTbew!ei^^ retains? 

if' rtwi^r aincieHt cafliwito. bi^fceri; Hc»e i^ 
i^HatrdlonEie dioidi; with a gaol^ a feflfiOQ^ 
iHiufe, afKl other public buiSn^ ;, asr alfa 
ftrfiftAber >>f fTK>dbrnr weft batB: teuftafot! 
tllel'»nEfcrchGrt», &«. Tber trade is^ great onl 
account of its beiiwgonxthegieat road from 
DuMte toCoflrtaU^bt^ the whole town is the 
property- of Lord Granard; and a manoc 
court- 1^ held here,' wherein a<5tions without 
Rmit may be tried^ and ahb court lieet, 
ftoiik teal*n|r 8tc. accordmg, to law*. 
*^^ • K 3^ Fore. 



i9» C O U N T T 'OP- 

F<)te, This aiUnentcorpbratioi^ town, » 
feated on the north iide of the Ml vfaiA 
feparates it from Lot^ Leiie, about 40 
miles north \xeftfraiii Dnblin. This town 
is. laid to have been anttently the refidencesf 
many learned tmt)^ and an univerfity.witf 
elUbliftied for the education of youth. It& 
name in the Iriih tongue fignifies the Town 
of Books. There are many evident marks^ 
of its having been a place <>( devotion^ fer 
there appear the ruins of three parifli 
churches, one monaiUry^ and one. church or 
cell of an anchoret. . This monafiery wai 
built by St. FecKn about the year .650. Tha 
tpwn is^very poor, havihg little trade. 

iDelvin, in the barony of the faoie» where 
is a large fquare caftle^ v^ tth a roun4 towa 
at each corner, which exemplifies in a parti- 
cular manner the ancient magnificence of 
thofe ftfu£tures. t ' It gh^es the title of Bfma 
to the noble family of Nugent^ ^ari 0f 
Weft Meath The patbnt roll of thii^£w»}y 
was dated in the lath year of King Ri€har4 
IK in 1389, by which it appears that Wil« 
liam Baron DelviD, wtajthen inward to the 
king, by the name of William Fitzgi^nj^ 
Nugent, Baron of Delvin* 

J^Jlimore. A market towji, fituated in 
the midway between MuHingat and Ahh- 
lone. Here was formerly a ftrong garrifcxi 
of Englifh forces, >ith jdeep entrenchments 
and a draw bridge^ and , i$a^i. the diief 

fortre& 



'^^^■^■^^^^^^^'^'^^'^'■■■■•■^^■••■^^•^■UPl 



WES^T-MEATH. 199 
fbrtrefi in the county. Here is alio a hand- 
fome church; 

Ratbconrath' Where Is alfo/ a large 
ehurchy but no other ciFCumftancr wor^i 
felating* 

Plary. Situated about 9^011^5 from Mut- 
Kngar, is remarkable for there having been 
both a friary, and nunnery, which, accor J- 
ing to Ware's Monaft. were founded'by the 
Lacys in the reign of Henry II. and were of 
the order of Gi^rtines^ King Henry VIII. 
converted the church of this abbey into the 
cathedral of the diocefe of Meath. 

Ardnacranna.^ A monaftery wa^ here 
founded for Carmelites in the 14th century^ 
by Robert DiHon^ of Drumranfy. Vide 
Burke's Hib. Dom. p. 752^ And Lodge ih 
in his peerage^ vol i. p». 153, fays' that i|i 
l!545» the lands were granted to Sir Robert 
KlloD, of Newtown^ and therein itTs called^ 
the monaftery of the friars preaichers oft 
Athnecarne. 

Kilkenny Weff. Is fituated near Athlpne^ 
yhere are the ruins of a monaftery belonging 
to the Knights Templars j. but Ware in his 
hiftory of Ireland, fuppofed it to have been 
founded for Cro6-bearers» It was founded 
by Thomas, a prieft, (great grandfon of SFr 
Henry Dillon), who came into Ireland' in 
1185, and who was buried therein; Lopx;£^ 
vol. I, p. 145. . *; 

. Ballinegrofs. A {hiall place where is a handi 
fi>me church with a tower built in \S%^. \ 
K 4: ^ Multifcrnant 



26o : C QU IJ Tt O F 

Mill ti Per riari. Seated on the river tJaiivc, 
in the barony of Corkcry : here a monaflery 
of Francifcan friars was ft>unded by William 
Delamefe, in fhe reign of FJenry IILin 
12^6 ^ but in the ^ reign of H#nry Vtlt. it 
was diffolved. About tfte year 1 6^0 it was 
ggain in the h^rids of the Roman CatSidics 
tod was by them repaired, be^lutified and 
kdorned with images. Here if was, in 1641, 
(hat the l^ders of tlie fatal rebellibnV which 
J^oke put with' lb ittuttl fury and havoc! 
'6A tfte finglilli^ and' I^rbYeHants: iri Ihlancf, 
,firftaflenibled': for fhis.place beilig* convenf- 
'^ntly fitiiated alborf irt th'^ ceiiTre of the 
ftingdofn, fhfe infurgpms had frequent meet'- 
ihgs here,, who came from aft parts of t!& 
feutltrif for tHat tmrpofe. Ttte ruifts' of Htk 
*tti6riajtt^i^ are*ill to be feen. 

Kehai-d. This, pblce is (ifUated' Oti die 
fcanks of the river rnny, remarlcaijlfe for a 
ihagnificenrmdnaffery of Auguft'ine Friary 
called Trifternaugbr which fignifieS thortis: 
tt wag built in an Odagpn form by Sir 
^yeoflTrV Conftantiile in tfie^tirtie of tfentylt 
Near f nis J)Iace v^as encairtped 0*Dbgherty, 
one of the anti^nt chieftains of Connaugh^ 
with an army^ of 600 men. 

KTilb^ggah. This ftnall town kfituated 
16 miles eaft of Athlone, and 42^ Weft of 
Dublin, ift whicfh is a tolerabfe markef, and 
19 a borough town. The. poft goe3 froni 
hence to Dublin 4 tinies awcek . There 
b?ing;ttran^ very large ixjgs near this town, 

from 



naftery built in the year idA>i^ tt^t)& tbe 

« KJOtai^. A fnsaifctoMmi iiito vrliich H 
QOfihing \lo^th iwticttWinenitoitt oxfseift 

both til t«fit) wd cfl^r' iht CbeOtire eh^i^^ 
i Rathwiinesi:f;Sbiiail)ed4ttih^bafQny/oCl^^ 
IMi I in^nl eFeyaftedifitlia^l^m whevt ajD-ldrbtt 
fee» the rui^af ' A &tm» fbrty^cfa^'Buik t9 
StffiHog^ de.Laeyi ii^titgtfd^ wbawalod^ 
tff.Ae firft Ehg^ih aidvepttK:ietra*wb/9 guiem 
ilrar hkheeivHtb Mcni^rli tK>/vi«h<si^ tbM 
ilmsbifh: gsyo^ the terttl^y ^ofr . Mit^h v ^ i4 
m^ftr. pittttaiiliirly^jQKi\M;9edi io^ ibei genef4 
biftfiry: of tim kin|g^av limfixhjc ti> tbi» 

' .KBIiicqnid. Atitbiapl^el^; wliicii is^neai 

^oiK:fa^.a5 aJ&i^ai/caftle^: bptb fiiicb^ hvf^ 

wfetcfakdoiyehjitJ^t^;^ p^ ilnui ];K>bb 

one tlie Shiannon, vvhich is navigable foff^ 
milefrinlancl; .^idr]^qni\6(bip9.Q6 the greats 
c^:lbiwtb«n tio4K)4^ i^fHtQ )ti»»yx)f y^ienfk*. 
TIm ifimihnjf hpW% j?Qniirt^44'cft)wfcQ& 
tei9r«»il(%i J«ritfaisb ^. ^PHtHy yi 4i»i4tf)gctbft> 
l»rpi>ly.«>PiMQygpyib ifMto wo bMf batroaies^, 
1*1^ jiv^Bibfiiy lifeth i»l3iC*igh-F<^iei,«d: 
i»i»i<«^>6|^ th^ihtaotpy' <^ MoyoiAi^) an4i 
v:#.i K 5, Kilbeg' 



toz C O UN T Y O JPr 

Kilbeggan, runs into the Shannon mr 
Banagher. In thefe rivers lure giKat qoand- 
tics of fifti, &c; ' ' 

In the river of TaUaghceii^ near Fiekb*: 
town in this county , iis a great quantity of 
Eels, for die moft part white-obelised, and 
thence derives the name of Silver Eds. 
They are remarkable for their line tafte as 
well as colour, whfch proceeds from die fu- 
perior purity of the water of this river, wtdi 
a Tandy or gravelly bottom. The river 
Gaine, which is a fmall but |deafant water 
of about four or five miles courfe in the hs* 
fony of G:)rkery, abounds with the beft 
trouts both white and red, and is alfo weS 
ftored with fmall pike. This county hadi 
many lakes or loug^ aiid a number ; of ri- 
vulets and broQkst well ftorisd with, fiffi. 
The principal lakes are. Lough Lene wad 
Lough Dierreagh : they are both very laig^ 
Md winding Into feveral long, lai^ ana 
deep recedes, and.Yun between two veiy 
hi^ hills caUed Knocb Ilo& abdiCnock; 
Eyen, which are covered whh abundance ol 
trees, and command a moft delightAU piiof* 

County of Lokoforp. 
The county of Longford is in general a 
very fruitful pleafant eou'nty; tho' not*widi-' 
Out bogs and fens iti iHair^pIaces. It i§ fooond* 
cd on the north by tiie countits of Leitrim 
and Cavan, on the eaft and fouth by Weft 
Mcath^ aiul on ilie weft byRafeoaimon^ 

firom> 



LONG F O^R,D. ^05 

frofU'iiifhich k is.partcd by the. Shannon.. . It 
ifi atiput 27 mites loqgr and h^ brpad^^ coan 
tauiirig about 134,800 acres,. ^pbohowfe$ij 
2&4pari(hes, 6 baronies. Returns 16 rhem* 
bers to parliaipent, z\ for iiit^ cyunty and z. 
for each of tlie Following towns^ viz. Long- 
ford, Granard, Laaeflx)roi:^,,andSt.jQKnf7^ 
town,. whiclj,ar^ thq chief . towns in. jthcf 

Loncfpr^. .TTfec fliiVetown of tHc county^ 
iituat^d on the riyer Cromlin, which fafla a! 
few R)ile^ below it into the Shannon, has H.. 
large caft le and buracM for^ a troop of hori^*^ 
QixcB the title of baron to the noble fjamiiy'^ 
of Pac^enh^q^ and fSrmcrlyvg^vejtHp.wt^^^^ 
©f earl, to the faowlj; pt Aiigiea^ a^ci(^jt>ii^^ 
count u> the faihily of/IyiidcIabYaite^'* jt-^^ 
a. borough, and bath a yiery good market. ^^ 

Grahardi l^iftant from. Dublin 4^4 niiJea« 
north, weft Is a borpjugh^ ai^d has a toler^j 
able market, tho'.but afmiall pj^^oe.; ait' vthj^ 
i>ort|i ^ft partof thiji county^ 10 roil^i/fpn^ 
LoiJgfprdv It hathla bari;^c!i fe^r oije.cpi^^ 
l^aqy hi foot— Gtvcs/the. title oF^eaiij to ^ 
l^nch gf the jScotcfe faniily.of/ Forbes^^ 

,^,|LancfltoCQi^ , ^tapds^.on^ tJip ^ 
over Whicti'there i^: a bn4gc,^cJiftao'p % 
Longfoi^ ,7.avl^- fouth* wefl;L,,,>!^^^ 
horfe is, Qi^terqi^.m^hjs^^arrac^^ 
a bdrougtiand.a roarlfct town. :i^^^ 
tjtle of c^rltb a Vanch'of the OpW5;fra^ 
q^!^litler, as it dUs that of viu^imt Jta the 
nmiiy of Lane. • ^ g^. 



204 cJoUhTTT Off 

ffoni Granard, dietrade of vI'IihA iff macfi 
OH the declitie. ' . 

Cbunty of DcrBpir. 

This cdunty is the moft capital in die 
oi-oVirtc^ of teinfter, ha^ Witkfow on the 
fouttt^' Mt^ih ^oti' the Weft and north; 
Kildare oa the Weft, ,aad,lhc,Irifli ffetor 
St. Creorge*s Ghantiel otf ' oie. eaft-, ft is 
alxJUt twenty-flit miles in length front North 
tRftmbv and fifteen from eaft to weft: It 
fir exceed^? inr other part of Ireland, not 
qhly ih; popiuonfiielS, tradt, culture, and 
Mr«ith* iour Hi elegante, -poHtBixcfi; mgeoui- 
Vfy ' find * 'tJ^ttf rpedejs . of rmprov^menr *mf 
rfefittement:/ It is ^ieedStig pffeafinf and 
fertile, abounding with' afl. the neGeflkriea- 
atad . con veniepcies^ of lif^, efpecialfy towards 
the NotthJ ftl the fouth pArt 4re many 
liiouirtairnr of jgt'eat magnitude from whence 
ate toidft beautiful profpeijlff of the' city of 
DUblh) andof the niadyiioblfcnicn'sand gcn- 
tfenijcri V fe^ts, numbeiis of wtuct^ are" trnty| 
magiiififcent interfperfed thnDu^ourjhia a^ 
tenli W aljd well' imwoved country^ and dwe 
Biy iiek^ the dty to the. d^addsr greatly 
t^ the beemty of the profj^dt; 

'irli»tKVcQunty/a» great [rariety oFpetr^ 
fifV^Ons;'; feaf s> »tn&^ ttoyftSife an* pebbler 
are met wuhyatva Vroolbegoyftera^ peaik 
l^ere are alfb. fbtind umm^ fttmes^tfar ^pt- 



iwnflvjvw* Vi "^H^i '•■«.« n,u ii V miffi^^^^ 



1> tP B L F Nl W5 ^ 

poies.of plafter of t^hi 
K '" Tftfe C6ini^ sotitilnfs- i*3v'^8b IWfip&n- 
fatfon a^res/Sy ^riitife!^ ^ baronies, e^fe ciM 
attrf one tttitirerfity: T^hen«nrt)croPhoufta 
» ap|)e3rs' by the licarth-rtionw coHc^rt 
fcpokrare ii^rdg. The incrww* of builds 
mjgs ^cry ^ffsy renders k Very popUlduM 
R ret!ams t6 parHarrknt twoknightd^ two 
Aizens- atirf fiit' fcfuTgpflfei inditding'ttie 60^ 
roiiglis oF SworreJsa » 

Dublfn (city of> !» fituatied on tfc© river 
Lrffey, ;naar the botrowi of a mwft bealftSfttl 
B^/*» yrtricft ft gifes narte- and< whieb it 
Between^ three atntdlfbar* miles widfe at itfe ett^ 
trafBde, and tiearfcven^dfeep^ with hiili kffi 
fiV6rA6iitt)M^ iM ThisetegkiW 

ciQ? itf'thr^fcat of the goverianenl andthil 
chief courts of jjaftice; ^^nd its fituatbtiiii 
(Hfcidiarly pleafeht) having v^Yiew ^f^ihf 
ftiHoh one fidi. and i Stije^fnp^Vtd^cbmi^ 
Off (lie othferj' it \ft jK^hdte^ 
B$^ ttiemoun^E^ifis of ^ieldcm zi^^sfprni^^m 
tbe eairt: td thii!^ bay of^I>ttMk)] tottveKitftrl»|p 
of which, the harbour of Oilb^ .ati%irdi» 
ap pro(pe£k fcaitefy i!o be equaltedi a^ wtdc 
extended femidfete, oMaMicHted on"^ efldi 
ff^ with ah tficnedibUfnumibe^^^f eiunfiryi 
hoxtkfS'. DttbRn haftba coKific^lte wmHk^ 
dP'charhabte ihftitiitf6nfBi ttiore Ib^tAani aHyi 
city oP its'fi2e in Btiro^. fedfedr b^JtfiWu 
Itoce ap^peara tb^lSb a6 mheitaAt^Virtfiie 1^^ 
^Mi as tfiay'beoMifvedYrositlii'ttalijM^ 
'■' * pitals 



ao6 COUNTY (S^W 
pjA^Js and i:b0iMple mftituti90s^ &a defoi^ 
bed in the cnfuing p^ges. 
.. Dublin is; in latitude 55. 14. bng^tude 
^i. 10. is the capital df . the provhm 
pf Leinfter and of the kingdom of Ireland^ 
is diftant from Holyhead m Wales about 60 
fnilc;^, frpmChefter about ioi miles, and 
)]es Vfreft ward of bo^H being at the moutk 
of the Lifiey near the Irifn channel: the 
longeft.day is 16 hours 46 min. aodfiK»rtdt 
7. 14. Soqie parts of tWs city are almo<l 
contiguous to the fea, having been gained 
from it» yet Dublin is confiderably left ioK 
merfed in the vapours of the Tea than the 
' city of Cork.. In circumference it is 5 mil» 
und a half Iriiht in length.a and a quarter^ 
ID breadth i and a quarter, lies in a botton^ 
between a long range of mountains^ extend-: 
ed from the S, W. to the S. E» at the dift- 
ance.Qf about.? mrlcs,. and an acclivity to 
ibe north. by noeapsof ivbicb pii^t^on k en- 
joys the benefit of IrejR air from W. to> E,, 
a»d from E. to W! h is a VeauJtifii| citj^ 
and enj<3^y9 a fituatioti for pleafantnefs bardlj/ 
10 becqiialled. 

. This city hath been^ known by various^ 
thmea* . The Irjffi called it Ath-Cliath^, 
ii f, the Fprd of ;HutdIc% and Bally-Ath- 
Cliatht that JMtowp pn the ford of hurdles,, 
he^ufe hurdles were l^id on the k)w and. 
Biarlby parts of the towii before the river 
Idtkyt was embanked by quays. Ptolemy 
called it £blana«. Xbe.iah»bitamS:Of Eir^li 

. Cfllledi 



— "- - ' "^ ^ 

DUBLIN: itof 

eaSki M Dmfitt^ and the Wdlk Dina»< 
Okiiin, or the city of Diiliii ; bat itf sow ii 
tnvirerftliy known by the namq of Dublin; 
King Henry the (econd ia 1172^ u^n tbe 
fiibmiflton of the irilK poeentates to htm, 
«fanted by diaiter ^' to hia fubjedi of Btif^ 
^ tol^ his city of OuUin to inmbit, and ttf 
** hold of him and his heirs for ever, with 
^ all the liberties and free cuftomst'whkli 
^^ his fabjeAs of Briftol then enjoyed at Brif-. 
^^ tol, and dirbug hall EnghiDd" The liber- 
ties of this city were f ouinded on this tharter, 
which were afterwards confirmed and en-* 
larged by King John and his fucceflbrs and 
by feveral ads of parliament extant in the 
Holt's Office. In the. 9th century the w.aila 
smd fortifications cf Dnbbn were ere£led^ by 
the Oftnoen or Danes. 

With refpecl to the prefent public and 
private buildings and the elegance of many 
of the jprihcipai ^neets they gri^atiy refemble 
tfacDJfe oi London, and are indeed very little 
ioferbr to^thcm. Every thirdyear the L^rd. 
Major attended by the city officers and afi 
corporations perambulatea the bounds <» 
the city which is called ridihg the Fran- 
dii&s. Upon theeledkipBof a Mrd Mayor^. 
Sfaertffi^ and Rfo^rder^ they are prefemed; 
to the Lord Lieutenant i and : privy council^ 
bdi dieir i^]^obatio% before w)K)|n they; 
ttffcei >tfac oatha of iupremacy and* alh>- 
gt^noe, and. tbeLofd^Nfavor is always taken; 
eiit of the boal*d of McimeOf . but the 



loft e^otj*i t *^ <pp 

cMiinbntf mifft tbdrove roVrfailri^ 
mYMt» tut o«koo«4i6itve<:t^ cffice. .TKI 
lord miyto^i^ikknmai flinAvibsiifiBttle )iifi^ 
tfi?cu«*-thepMc«i \ ''• • \ . . - I .: 
•1 MeiirylV. iitr4P7;/^r3Ricdl»tib»iMjW^ 
6f Dublin tod^ to* his fuecdfisrs/Ucmce t» 
Ibav^ei ^ %MtiCy9okd btxhe befiorb dneto^ fcst 
ihe^hofte^ir of the^ kins aod his bcii& akd of 
l£s> f«rb>e^of i>(difinv iathesfimle m^ 
ctW t9i^ Itkdr iiiayot«i6f « Eondc^'hid fim firortf 
b^^ btfl^r^^ihem/'^ The fiift.m\iflttrs>etef 
ften ill Irelatfd^MPere brdi^bt fmm Goertnaiy 
Mi 14!^ and were depomed in DuUio: la 
i^4S br^^ fiew tncorporation of Bdmrd VII 
fhis names oi^ baitiffsbf this ciq^rwere change 
«U imo th«P 4fi fl^riffs and in 1556 ft veisil 
p^deSK^ oitKaaiMe afid isof nroflosts \Me» 
imported from Spain, b^^ tbt'Ttustyi&noS Dvikh 
Kn for the fertice of <^ccn b/kxf. 
' The city of Soblin mis eomplimifeiitediia 

tb '^ ^otti ^bf 'the majw a|id biff>iiidoeflbn 
in di^i^<)ffi6e^.jmd^ta tbefthenma^iVgaTcai 
ebMpaiiy of Kiot^ . . ife alfi> in in^^xHidmdl 
the ftUyoffsfliottldbcj iiiiiislc^ crifedil4DiA 
M&i^4 ^I^^' title (hey Bo^r edyvy.v * Thift 
QdHnrol SS^awbtin||)ltia;.afbthavId611acwa» 
l^KSfig WiHkip^Iii. gidbted ffc Bairiba»mBM 
Vte-^H^rtlvigll tbmloniiatqQEiclfeb thi oft 06 
Hbil^aiid'^ fomtedin^ letdJcqqpQmofi dntf 
vaAie ofi^itxDi^. Thiiicidjpisiijcoumiirofei^ 

vltttsntid is^atiok* obe 'duDd aa laf|^ jua 



w 



PPIMIVPIPfll^iiPI 



i> 1/ ft L in; 20^ 

This city is fupplied' with water ^r6m the 
n:e1ghbouiing mouritairis by rivufets iffuing 
ttierefroiii, and partly from (tit riveT Liffey, 
both' of whidi arc foft wat€r aftd that taken 
tip at Iflartd Iferidge is known to keep' well ia 
lorjg voyages. It is in generat a large ^pu- 
lous and weff built city embelRftied wita' 
fnany grand' and' magnificent buildings. 
With rcfpedt' fo provifions, they arc good 
«nd at a reafonable prtcd, the rtarfcets being 
^Iwa^s plehtifullv fuppli'ed with every tiling 
i'nf feafon. Liquors bot6 malt' arid fpiriii are 
feaionable, pai:ticulaf ly fpirtt's^ which art fold 
at haff the price^they are in England'. Tfheiir 
\viae is** chiefly claret, which is fold attv^enty 
jrerTce dnd two fliillii^gg a bottle; Which a^ 
it' is uftd by all perfons of Credit, it is gene- 
itiliy bbi^ht in hogfheads or by d6:iens at i 
time. There afe 800 hackney' codchfei 
^nd. about 400 ledan chairs, the rat^sof 
which are nearly the fanle ad in London^ 
an'd firigle horf^ chaifes, and cars arc ufed 
on parties of pleafurH. The number of in- 
habitantjj^ of this city is eftimated at about 
|dd,c5(36. ft gives- the title of Earl to his 
Royal Highnefs the D\ikc of Cumberland; 
The Englifh Paqiiets are dXie iii Dublin^ 
every day in the week; excepting Friday. 

The Caftleof Dublin. This building was 
driginally begun to be eredtedin 1205 bt 
Lord luftice. Fitz H^nry, in tl|e reign pi 
jling jfohni and the entrance iilto il*'from tHe; 
clty^ was on the notth fide by a drtw bridge, 

between 




2ia 

between two ftrong round towers frontcifflb' 
ftreet And |>art of tt was known by die 
name of Krnun^m towfr, in r4ii, m 
the reign of H^nry IV. whicli name it ilill 
retains^ and is nowarepofitory for prefervidg^ 
the antient records or Ireland : there were 
il(b other towers for holding ammunition and 
ftores, and the whole was encompafled by a 
ftrong walK In 1534, in the rebellion dF 
Thomas Fitzgerald^ it was twice befiegsod,. 
In 1683 great part was deftroyed by fiie. 
In 1478, 1 8th year of the reign of £dwarl 
]V..the Prior of Kilmainham being conih- 
ble of the caftle he held poflcflioa of it a«^ 
gain ft Henry de Grey, then lord deputy^ 
and broke dbwn the draw bridge. The 
caftle was not ufed as a royal feat of govern* 
irient, for the reception of chief governors^ 
till the reign of 'Queen Elizabeth^ wboia 
1560 ordered the fame to be repaired and 
clocks erected: and in 1565 Sir Henry 
Sydney,, lord deputy, was (worn in and re^ 
£ded in the caftle, and from that time it is- 
become the refidence of the chief governor. 
In 1567 and 1570 it was beautified and 
confiderably enlarged. The courtsof coro>- 
mon pleas and exchequer were occafionally 
field there, particulady in 1363^ ^311% 
J 389 and 1401 . And parliaments were held 
therein, in t(ie reigp of Queen Elizabeth and 
J^mes U In 1585 Connor Ma.c Cormack 
O'Connor having a controverfy with Teig 
M'Gilpatrick O'Connor, it was defided by 
' * combat 



D U B LIN. 211 

^^cffiobat^ with fwrndaajd target, in the o^^ 
tie before the lor4& juftices^ ar^hbifhop t)f 
I>ublin» &c. When Teig, after giving fame 
wounds, cut off the head of Connor M'Cor^ 
fiMCl^ and prefeoted it to the lords juftices 
and wai; afterwards acqaitt^twhich acquittal 
^ retxirded. * 

Xi^s ancient caftle^ though it: has k>(l its 
ilrength, it hath now aifumed a far more 
(graceful form, and is in every refpedt better 
{utted for there(idence of the lord lieutenant 
ki the fettled pri^fent tirnes of peace anc) 
tranquillity. On the eaft fide of the caftle is 
created a chapel for the fervice of the houfe«^ 
kold, and in the outer court is a large range '. 
of elegant buildings^ which are employed in 
oflEicea belonging to the public, fuch as the 
offices of ordnance^ war and treafury^ and ^ 
wegidtcr office for regiftering of all the deeds, 
leafeSf and conveyances of this kingdom; al(o 
large: ftables, &cc. for the equip^e of the 
^lief governor^ likewife an armory and a ma-? 
g^inc for ammunition, and many offices for 
the houfehold. And in the inner court is a 
Urge r^nge of buildings where the council 
chamber and the offices of the fecretaries are ^ 
on the fouth entrance to the caAle is the 
royal exchange, executed in ftone^ by the 
ingenious Mr. Cooly. 

The Parliament Houfe. This magnificent 
ftrufture is in the Ionic order, and is ac« 
koowledged to be one,of the great^ft archi- 
te^Uifal Dcauttoi ia;^n)ee. The j^rtioor 



2xi CO UN f-i^'CM? 

ittt6rnal p^rt^artf grearty admb'^ al^we]l «i 
tBe rmnner in vrhidi tHe biiiKbaj^ h Kj^edl 
The Hoafe of Commbrts is of a rt»ft coilire^ 
fifem form: itis?cdyi*ed%kh'^dii*^ taC 
berai^mher tdo'tew;*(flfe» Sie? magn»^<^ 
of the building. . The fpeaker'^ ehair ia 
phce4 in the'centt^, rbiind wfeicjh" ate the 
feats' fSr the membersr Tltere^i^an aMfihi- 
Iheatrifcaf gallety,; deghntly' paUuClhrfeJ 
wkfiirorii vrhfereftVdngershittcftdtO'hearttte 
ideBafes; and* V^in>fidlt^'il<f4r t^?rd>hilddi^ 
|ier(bns. - ' '^ • ^^^ ' ' -V^''- '^^ •• 
-' TKefiohie^^df Pfeafi^Ii^i^casfe^ cfegartf 
aikFcoH»eriieriiff'itt' th^^-Tapj*^ ia tfitt 

iftatr of flfate ilhdti^ rf ricSScancrp^. Oh the 
ftdfes^of ttte Kihatpart fi)rtdrtfiK*b6l pak^ 
fci* t!ic Ib%(?)itf^tiaV ancf- tfefnpo«^aL Hirt 
ifretWdbbaihrfijFi^ec»oP tkp^^i one^of 
the battfe of licrynev' rtpre(ehtttig the^ attnic* 
6^ K:'}Ag WSffiarti,- abd' kingp JSmes^ W W 
e6lbi4rsi a^'alfo Afe heads- of the- priftciipitf 
bfficersf; and the- otHcr^ of- the batttlif-oi 
Aghrirtr, cbdecuted^ By tftefame hawd^ iua 
rtioft niaftcrfy manned' Tftisfif|>n!>^<flfifci 
was bc^n^ in 1 729; and* fihifti^fd 'ill i^^St 
at the erpehce 6f 40;od6l: Id uHng tBe 'ad^- 
ihihiflfranon of Lord Gartered It > rf 
Portland ftone, pd in ite execution fo com- 
plete that no'otmr natioii canl^oaft of Cach 

The Univeifity; TCfi^fthiffl! Ae. • t*e no-* 

^ Portland 



Tp )U /B V rt '^. , ai,3 

Portland fiotre, andbas al^ tiie appearance 

€if a royal inanfion ; it extends in front a- 

ij^ye 500 fisc^ Jt vKats fpunded by Que<n 

Eli l^^be tb| a<iid is called, Cotifg/umJlan^he e$ 

liidii>idHa I'rinitatU jUKta puhlin^ d&rf^ 

niffM^ 'R^gind^iz^betbdfound^tum. " Tbq 

** .O^Bege of the Holy and Undivided Tri- 

^* iBvty near Dyjjblin, founded by the moft 

** ferene Queen Elizabeth." By charter^ 

l^fl^ki 1^91^ it' confided of a provpft 

ifik^%sn I^ftu§, P;:i>.ai;9bbi(hopof Dublia 

4ndjqt)lanc4}Qrpf Ireland) three fellows in the. 

««i|iifjf©f «¥Mfe, s]Zr (H€«ipy Uiher, A. M. 

X^uke Clialoner, A* M. and Lancelot 

^oj^e. A, jBJ and tbr^e fcholar3 in the 

i^txt^ lOiimQX^^ v\t. (He^ry I^ep, William 

Iteii^Ht. .and Stephen Wl^t^ ; wd. that tl^ 

iatdci^oypft^ fellows, an4iibbolars, a^m^ their 

ilicciiffots for ever, beabody.poUtifv ?nd 

corporatjs by the nain^ of Fravoft, JFejIows, 

^nd iScboklarsof the tii^ollege pf the Holy. 

^ciQity, meai" DwWiiu 

; By ; thi§ tl^rt^rt tfiC: fellpf « ^w«re . pbligc4 
to qwt^the CQllege iq ^y^ years ^fter tbeyi 
conirooiped ijiafta* of ^rts 5 b|i}t tbey,a>M 
MX, prj^fent teaaiKs for j^^ iq ;their fellow- 
fliip6,:if tbey^binlc proper. The origin^ 
<x>nftitution of this University hath been con- 
iiderabiy i^$i>ged by |A vktyr ^barter pa^d in 
the iigthrjle^r pf Charles l..in ^f^yj ; fj9rb(y 
jHie :QiigtBwlx:hftrifHf tbepificetof JP^ovofl:, wa§ 
^ponja? vacancy s6il«d \»hym elcftipji ma^g 
Jay^aixwywity.ijf.tbe wlpw.8;; by the ne\r 

charter 



ii4 C O U N T Y Ol? 

charter this power was referved to the crowsi 
and the office made donative. By the firft 
charter the provoll and fellows had power to 
form laws and ftatutes for the goverbmeiU of 
the College, and to adopt fucb as they though 
proper from thofcoiF Oxford or Carbbridge. 
By the new charter the king by confeot of 
the provoft, fellows and fcholars referved 
this power to himfelf. 

The mortmain-licence was enlarged to 
600I. per year, which before was only 40^. 
per year. In cafes omitted to be provided 
for in the new ftatutes, the provoft, and fe* 
nior fellows had power to make new ftatotea 
not repugnant to thofe granted by the kjn|^ 
the fame to be confirmed by the vifiteis of the 
college, and fo to remain in force till the fm>- 
yoft, &c. (hould refcind them. By tibenew 
charter, upon die vacancy of a fcnior felk>w- 
ihip, tht fame ihould be fupplied within 
three days by the f>rovoft and remaining 
fenior fellows ; and upon the vacancy of a 
Junior fenowlhip, or fcholatihip, that the 
fiime (hall be filled by the provoft and fcnkw 
fellows on the Monday after Trinity Sunday 
following. The vifiters were the chancellor 
or his vice chancelk)r, the primate and the 
archbiihop of Dublin. 

The fund for the fupport of the fellows 
and fcholars was originally fmatl, but it. hath 
by means of beqiiefts been ^confiderably 
augmented. The ifellows are better ^pjpomt^ 
edy perhaps, than any univerfity teachers ia 

Europe, 



D U B L I H its 

and defervedty fo, for none are efeAed but 
itich as have acquitted themfclvcs with fupe- 
tior excellence at a mod fcvere trial of lite- 
rary abilities In 1697, King William IIL 
gave 3000I. to this univerfity towards en* 
ing it by additional buildings. 

This. Univcrfi^. was erefited in 1591, on 
-ihe lite of the diflolved Auguftinian monair 
tery of All Saints, in the fuburbs of Dubl i n, 
iBrbich had been granted b^ King Henry VIII, 
to the lord mayor and citizens of that city^^ 
and by, them transferred to this ufe^ The 
buildings of this college -were originally nar- 
row and mean, but they have been confider- 
ably enlarged, and the whole building may 
Jifftly be termed magnificent and noMe. It 
IS the only univerfity in Ireland, and may 
bee ailed their Athens. 

The library extends the whole length of 
ihe fouth fide of the inner lijuare, is a ioKift 
fuperb and elegant buSding, in it^ deiign and 
iexecution, peculiarly adapted for that pur- 
pofe^ and is defervedly the ajdmiration and 
wonder of ftrangers. It is in length upwards 
of 200 feet. In the library are a confider- 
able nuftiber df well chofen books in all 
-languages, arts and iciences, by the moil 
^ipproved authors, antientand modern, with. 
a great number of curious manufcripts -and 
the library is adorned with the'bufto*sof 
anany celebrated . authors, executed in white 
marble. Doftor Xeland, & F. T. C. D. 
as Librarian^ 

The 



F" 



2i6 CrOfJNTT,o!f 

The Printing jQfiice is fitnated in thePitfc 
at the eaft end of the Collej^e ; it is a beaati- 
ful ftone c^difice in the Corinibian order, ia , 
which have been prinied /eycral.efegant edi- 
tlotis of the . ClaiBcs ; ]but jix is dcfcrvingrf 
more encouragSeniem thajnis at prefent Acwa 
to it., ., 

The College Patjc, is laid out with eveqr 
neceflary requifite that c^n tend to rdax W 
mind of the young gentlemen after the ifL- 
<igue of their ftudies ; there are niany finegnk? 
yel .walks ihaded with large trees, which for 
eleganoe and rural beauty are infinitely fupe*' 
rior to any other publijc walks in this king- 
dom, to which giTCiit numbers of the nobility 
refort ; and likewife » bowling greea ^ppio- 
priate to the ufe of the ft>udcpti5. 

The refeftory is bujlt in m elegant roo^ 
4ern tafte, whcxe JkAures jn Anatomy ^d 
and other important fpiences ^re delivered. 
The late Earl of Shclburne, at the eypencc 
of i6,OQoI. purch^fed the ourioys anatomi- 
(cal figures in ^ya;;:, from the jngei)iQps Mr. 
Raxtrow of London, and preftnted tbw 
to this Univerfity for the, edification of Tucl) 
gentlemen as are intei)de4 iQr the profeQioo 
of phyfic. The ftgufes were l;*tely repaired 
under the direction of the late JEdwarp Ctq- 
ker, Efq. a gepilem^n of approveii knaw- 
Jcdge in anatomy. 

On the fputh fide of ^h,e library is a large 
gfirden, elegantly iald out for the fellows of 
the CoHege only ^ in a part ot \i ^^ ricar^ 

the 



D tl B L I N. 217 

tlie mod curious and valuable plants ufed in 
phyfic. ♦ - ' ' 

There is alfo a large apartment <ioritairi- 
ing a fuperb' apparatus of philofopbtcal and 
aftronomical inftruments and books adapted * 
for the ufe of fuch ftudents who are acquii*- 
ing knowledge in the important and ufcful- 
fcience of aftronomy. 

This tJniViernty at prefent cotififts of a 
Provoft, the Right Hon. Jphn Hely Hutch- 
infon, who is an honour to that ftation, 
feven fenior and fifteen junior fellows, and 
feventy fcholars of the houfe, who have main- 
tenance upon the foundation, and the whole 
namber educated in it are about 500. To 
mention the numbers of men of great learn- 
ing and abilities who have proceeded ^ from 
this College would far exceed the limits of 
this work. 

The Names of the prefent Qmncellor, Vice 
Chancellor, Vifitors, Fellows^ Profeffors^ 
and Ledurers of Trinity College^ 

Cfaancellor. His Royal Highnefs William - 

Henry,' Duke of Gloucefter. 
Vice Chancellor, His Grace Richard L'oifd 

Primate. 
Vifitors. The Chancellor, Vice Chancellor, * 

and Dr. Fowler, Archbifliop of Dublin, . 
Provoft, Right Hon. John Hely Hutchinfon> 

L,UD..pf Dublin. 

L Seven 




2i8 . C O U NT t O 

Seven Scpior Fellows, 

Vice Provoft and Senior Ledurcr, William ^ 
Cleinent, M. E>, 

Burfar; Rev. John, otokes, D. D- ^ 

Librarian and Senior ProdGr, Re^. Tboimas . 
Lcland, D.D. 

Regift^r and Auditor, Rev. Richard Mur- 
ray, D. D. 

Catdchifl: ^d Senior Dean, Rev. Thomas 
Wilfoo, b. p. 

Rev. Wiiliam Andrews, D. P. 

Rev. Michael Kefirriey, D. D. 

Junior Fellows. 
R^gifter^ of Chambers, Rev. Henry Dab- 

zae, D. D. . 

Cenfor, Patrick Duigenan, UL D. . 
Affiftant Librarian, Rev. John Fo^fayethi, 

D. P. 
Rev. James Drought, A, M. 
Rey. Joftph Stock, :B;D. 
R^v. Hepry Ufher, A, M. 
Rev. Joho Kearney, A. M* 
Junior ProAor, Rev. Thpmas Torrcns^ A.M. . 
Greek Leftiirer, Rev. Gerald Fitzgerald, 

A. M, 
Junior Dean, Rev. William Richardfoq, 
Aflifl;antGx€ekLefturer,'Rcv, John Waller. 

Rev. John Ellifon, A. M.. 
Rev: Williarii kales, A.M,% 
Rev. George Lewis ShrewbrTdge, A. M. 
(One vagnt.) 

Profeflbrs 



d: u b l I ;k; - ai^-^ 

P«orBia&oibs of the.UNivERii-TY- • 

; . ;King*s. Profeflprs./ * ,.., 'J 

Di\yiai^yy,9^^ejV. BrabazonDifney, D^ 
Common Law, .Patrick Palmo-, LL. D. 
Civil LsiWf Patrick Dtrigensm,^ LL. jD. 
Phyfic, , William Clement, M. p., : ■; . 
Gre^k, ,ptev# Jphp Stokes, I). D. rr, 
Afliftants to Greek Profeuor,.iMr;;Dfioogh|t .. 
and Mr,^IS^€»m(egr,M '..;•;• I. • \,\ :.j -/ 

\ , Erafinus Stnith^s Profeflbrs, : 
Mathematics, Rev^ Richard Murray,. D, D. 
^ Affiftants to the Profeffoir rof M|thematics, 
I Mr. Fitzgerald andMn-WaJleiv t 
Orieotahl^Qngu^Si^R^v. johnrForfaycrfiit).p. 
Af5ft^iats,wMr-;Haleft«ndrMn Ke \ 

Oi'a|pry,;|ley; Thomas Lcland, D. D* ' 
Affifiant^ Mr. Stock. 
Hiftpigf,!R,w*!MidiaglKeafi>^y, P. D. , 

NatomV^PhUofophy, -Rw*- Thgrnas Wilibn^ 
D.Ui .!.-.,.' '..>•»•• • . ■ •• 
. Piofeflor. af Mufic^ 
Garret Earl of Monrington. 

- i » . - . ,-» . ' . . . ^ . 

.• •• : ;.,■,. Le^Btars.- „ v ■ t - ,v 

Diviokf i Heftkfy^Djkbatcti .P.:Ii>, : j ( j. i 
Ansioro3»i i<3e<iMrgfc:,ClsghQrn,:M,.D.'i ? .. .,.. 
Chenhiftryv JatnefiiThorfllom M. D.,- 
Bottw^, EdwMfdHHK iM. t). _ 
Ch«iniftj -Mri PctCB Ifefti^gp*,. 

La The 



220 c o u:n t y ot 

ThcUniverfity of Dublin fends two mei»- 
*bers to parliament, viz. Sir Capel Mo!y- 
neauX, and John Fitzgibbon, jun, E(q. 

A ftatue of Kmg William 411. is creftdl . 
in College Green, of brais, upon a marble 
pedeftal, inclofed with iron rafls. It was 
ereded at the expence of the city of Dublin, 
in grateful commemoration of thcirlate deli- 
verance from popery and flavery' by tfae 
^condoft-of tbat^Nfonarch*. ^- ' ^ 

On the Pedeftal is rfiis infcriptioii: 
Gulielmo Tertio, 
Magnae BritanniaB,Franciae etHibemia2,fleg, 
Ob Religipnem Confervatami 

IR^eftfidtas Leg^ ^ ' \: 

Libertatern Afrertaii>, 
Cives, DuT^linienfes-iianc Aatuam pofijertt. 

It was beguti A. £>. 1760, Sir Anfbotqr 
Percy, being Lord Mayor, Charles Forreft 
and James Barlow, Efqrs.Sheriffs; finifli- 
ed A. Di lyof, ^irMtirkRansfordi being* 
Lord Mayor, John, Ecdl^S aA* Ralf GotSi 
Efqrs. Sherifi&, and was ■opeoed With -great 
folemnity on the ift of July, 1701, hfeing- 
ihe anniverfary ef the battle <)f the Boyne* 

'DUBLIN SOCIETY. 

_ This truly patriotic and \ifeful fociety 
was incorporated byxhartct-/ April ir 1750, 
and was inftkut^d-for'the'noWeft and raoft 
important purpofeci thatof encouraging the 
trade, manufadtures and Agriculture of Ire- 
land and the different arts and iciences : to 
.: cffca 



D U B L I N. , ^21 
tffcftMjvhmh, they offer' annually premiulns 
to cxclW an emulation' among 'the different 
artificers, aflifted- fey the aid of parliamen- 
tary grants- for tliat purpofe. How far the 
proceedings of that refpe<ftable body have 
anfwered their laudable defignsj appears evi- 
dent frorti the great improvements rhade in 
ihis kingdom in the cdurfe of a few years ; 
but IdeciinA enumerating fwriher refpedting 
the futctfs of their endeavours, their con- 
fta'nt efforts to promote the profperity of 
this nation, being infinitely fuperior to any 
' €uloghirf> of mine. 

The pfarHanlent of Ireland granted in 1 773 
the? hitv tif 5000 pounds^ to^his focicty zo 
etlftble tliein to proceed in their ufefulwinfti- 
tutton V and in 1776^ 5000 pounds more,, 
and'continued' the fame in the feflions of 
M79. - They have an elegant houfein Graf- 
\oH Stre€^, wbenei the meetings of ^tliemem- 
• bets of the (ckitty tfre hlM. Thfei^r noomis 
-4idt(irl)^rf'with a bwfto of th)i late celebrate 
Earl of ChefterfieJd, whey When Lord Lieu- 
tenant of IrelandMn 1745, obtained from 
George Ifc a grarit of 500I. per year, and 
encouraged this fociety to the utmoft of his 
-ipow^. AJfo-al^fto of J Dr. Madden and 
^ Thbmirs^Prior, ' Efq. vrfi© were the firftpro^ 
; latotcf s ef ^ tbis^ b©dy; 

S Q CI E T. IE S. 
The Phifico-Hiftorical Society, intended 
. ipptlib advancement of the honour and wel- 
' 1-3 fare 



^%% xouKTTir 

^ i:fare of Irelwd, wasri; formed * in : DoUia tn 

i 1746,. with a view of removing; thofe many 

fp-ofsmkreprQfentdtioM which iEulUed diean- 

tt tient hiftories of Irelaad, aiid tenckd tolcf' 

) feo the authority, which- would oihorwife have 

-:been paid to their teftimony. This fociety, 

. of: which Kdbcrt Lord Barooi Newport of 

Newport, Lord <Phanc<^lk)r of Ireland, ^m 

prefident, and Dr, Rutty and aiany other 

gentlemen of literary abilities were niembers, 

made fome confiderable ( advances towards 

,tbe general-end defigned in the inftitutioD, 

by publifliing defcriptiofts of th^. couftties 

: of Cork,: Water foVds DoMTlhacid Kerry, in- 

. cUiding. tlie naiumUnd civil, hiftqrie^ of ibbfe 

- counties. Thdy la Jfo j&ndeavouredi to obtain 

, an invcftigatiom of the natural produdioi&s 

• of Ireland in; general, ^fobfervient to an iib* 
^provetnent of trade, manu5if£tures i^a^d 

• commerce,, and forthi^jpurpofe a/%QQd to 
: Dr. Rutty . to ..vrritei a naiuial biftory of 
f the county of DttbKn ; iwhicii has/flnce bcxn 
-publilhcd by hinj- : -Jn : the couf fe of.itot 
(Wofk, as well as -in bis Hiftoty of the 
; Weather for Forty .Yieaf;^ b^feaa takers iooh 
t uncommon pains in the Judicious ^xf^ution 
<of them as refledte thehjghcft^on^ur ^ 
-bijD[),;aodtiiierii» tbeefkem.of.his cquntiy. 

The defign of this truly uftful Tocji^ty *«s 
been fince relinquifhed to the great r^et of 
the lovers of literature. 



D U B L I N. 223 

Bridges over the riVcr Liffey, in Dublin* 
Effcx Bridge is a mpft elegant and mafter- 
ly piece of workmanfhip, built according 
to the model of that of Weftminfter, with 
baluftrades of ftone and foot paffages, and 
built on five arches. The old Effex Bridge 
bemg built in 1676, when Arthur Earl 
of Eflex was Lord Lieutenant, and in honour 
of him was called Eflex Bridge. 

Qiieen's Bridge, It is built bf Portland 
ftone on three arches, and is juftly eftecmed 
as the moft complcat bridge of the fizc in 
Ireland. 

Ormond Bridge and Arran Bridge, were 
built in 1684. 

"Bloody Bridge (fo callied from an attempt 
of fome- perfons to deftroy it, of whom four 
were killed) was built in 1670 •, it isfituated 
over the LifFey near the barracks. 

The number of efegant houfes of the 
nobility are too numerous to be recited 
'^rticularly ; the followii^g are the prin- 
cipal. T'he Duke of Lcinfter's in Kildare 
'Street. Near Stephen's Green are the Earl of 
Ely's. Earl of Mornington' s, Rt. Hon. Thos. 
• Connolly's, Lord Jocelyn's, Countefs of 
Shelburne's, Mr.Whaley 's, and the Mayoral- 
iy Houfe i near Sackville Street are the Earl 
' of Tyrone's, Earl of Charlemountls, the Hon. 
Henry T.ClernentX and Lord Longford's. 
'And in^ Merrion Square, Kildare Street^ 
Dawfon Street^ Sackville Street, Gardiner's 
JR.o#, and in many other ftreets which are 
L 4 improving 



224 

improving every day in elegance of buildings 
fo as to be equal if not fuperior to moft of 
the principal cities in Europe : befides ctiany 
fuperb edifices in Abbey Street, Jervis Street, 
StajQFord Street, Henry Street, Marlborough 
Street, Bolton Street, Dominick-Sireet, and 
Cavendifli Row, and many new ftreets laid 
out in the north fide of Dublin, which the 
limits of this treatife will not admit of defcrib- 
ing. But the beauty of the architedlure of 
the hou.fes is worthy the notice of ftrangeis, 
and the more fo, as in many of the principal 
ftreets they are lofty, grand and uniformly 

•built, and covered with blue flating. 

St. Patrick's Cathedral. ' This Cathedral 
was built about the year 1 1 90, by Archbilhop 
Comyn, and dedicated by him under the 
patronage of St. Patrick, but it was Henry 
de Londres who conftituted William dc 
Guy the firft dean of it, and appointed a 
chanter, chancellor and treafurer, and allot- 
ted lands and. redlories thereto. About the 
year 1270, Fulk de Saundford, fuccefforto 
Londres, built a chf^pel here, in which at 
prefent is celebrated Divine Service in French, 

• for, the ufe of French Proteftants in Dublin. 
In I ^T^o^ a fteeple was erefted at the expence 

, of Thomas Minot, then archbirtiop, confift- 

" ing of (lone ; and alfo rebuilt great part of the 
Cathedral which had been deftroyed by fire.' 
There is a large black marble table ereded 
concerning this fire, in the great ifle of this 

church, 



Dt U Br L in: 225 

cHurch, on- the wdft fide, near the monument, 
of Primate Marfti;.;. 

Gerald .^arl of KiWire, in 1 5 1 2 , . having 
d difpute wirhjfhe Earl of Ormond, and- 
meeting in this Cjithedral feveral arrows were 
difcharged which danfeging the images, the 
pope was made acquainted with the profa- 
nation, whp fentenced the mayor of Dublin 
in deteftatign of the f^, and to keep up the 
memory of it,, to walk barefoot through the 
city in open ppoceflipYi . on .Corpus Chrifti' 
day ; v(hkh w^ aeooitiingly done for many^ 
years after. 

In i53$i iilP; the: reign of Henry VIII. the ^ 
images in thi§ Cathedral were taken down^ 
and at the Alt&r-ipiecei|rere placed the Lord's 
Erayer and T^n^ ContYnandmcnts. But by 
order of Qjieofi Mwyi in 1553^ theRomaa 
Gaiholic ^ligion tWft^* openly profefled ia 
.DubMlD. : TJ^ Englifh liturgy and prayers ^ 
were again fur)g in this church, and the Ro- 
(pnSOi rSigioa . p\*t r dkpiwn. byorder of Qgeen 
:^li?abeth ip I55P ;.}Wbo, the fame year^.oTr 
.d©r^4^tbe ^\W ti> ]^ printed Jh .the'Englifh 
^languag^^.flBd.ipWzed in tfia choir of this. 
CathedFal , 

The Ghap<er-of this Cathedral confift of : 
twenty-fix nUemberS) viz. . 
..•/' . The Deanw- • • •! '^ r , ' . ''• 
;:p:,,' Chan(or^ •" -;/• .^;. •.•-,; . .' • *;•« 
;. J ; ChaiipcHor;:, , , : ^ , / 

Archdeacpn of Pbliun. 

. L 5^. , ArcbdesGoa' 



zz6 CO UNTr 01? 
Archdeacon ;of Glanddouj^. 
Prebendaries of CuUen. 

Kiknatdway. 

Swordfe. 

Yago. 

St. OvFtns. 

Olonmethan* 

Tymothan. 

Caftlenock. 

^afahide. 

Tipper, 

Howth. 

Katbmichael. 

Wicklow. 

Wayftodth. 

Taflagafd 

Durikvin: 
r, ^ Tipperk^vin^^ 

Dona^mope in (Vm}L 

Stagonyl 
ThisanttentiHiiaiircis witbo«t^tocejpeto 
'^ mcyft elegant &EMfKic cGathedna! in -Ac 
kingdom, and the choiu ft wc ebnfickr^ 
compafs or its beauty ^nd.niagAificencc, i 
certainly ftiperior to thofe of other cJathedrak * 
Here is an elegant monument elected to the j 
memory of the late Dr. Smith, Archbithop of 
Dublin, another to the memopy ^ the late 
Primate, Narciffus Marfli, toalfeoftetothc 
memory of the celebrated t>ea» Swift, and 
/ a marble bufto of him, which was prefentcd 
^ to the chapter by T. Todd Faulkner, Efq; in 
wjji, aad another of Afrs. Johnfon, well 

known 



tlnown to tBe world liy tRe name of Stiifa. 
On the eaft fide of this cathedral is the 
Confiftortal Courts wfiich is a very antkfit 
building. 

. Chrift Church Cathedral. Was Ijuflt in 103* 
by Sitricus, the Ion of AmI?ive,kirigof theOft- 
men, and Doniit biffiop of iiublin. ^The choir 
of which was built in the fefgn of Henry |L 
by Earl Stron^bow, Rober^ Fitzfteph^nsjand 
tlaymorid le Grofs, who cafiie bver/with 
that Monarch-inj 173. ^ T*hc chief beifiefacj- 
tOTjS to this foundation , were. Archbiflicb 
Cbmyn, Henry Londres his fucceflbr^ and 
Luke, all eminent men in thofe'timcs. The 
fhrjne of ISir. Ciibie, was brolight fVom 
Wales, by the citizens of DubSn, in 1465*^ 
fcnd was de^pofftcd in this CathcdraL ^ pim- 
%>ert Sfmnel, an impoftorwais crowned )ciiii& 
in Chnft thurcb,, in 14^6, Gerald, Earl of 
iCifdare, then Lord Deputy ; but in 1 14.88^ 
ttenry VII. feht his pardon to tji^ Earl 
and others concerned.* .In i535» Gejoif^e 
fir6wD, then archbiOibp of publi,n, caiifecl 
all Ae images, to be rei^bved jpuffuknftb.thfe 
feommaridof Kiiig Henry VUl^and in 154.''^ 
the priory and jcon vent of this cljurch wer^ 
converted iiito a deanry and chapter^ arid at 
kft Prk)rwas madedtan. Tj^e Gturgy lil 
the Englilh tprrgue wsis fi?{! jread'jif this Ca- 
thedral, in 1^50, by order of KTri^,Bdwaf<i 
Vi;^ Which was printed the^ JFoHowIng jfear; 
M'J553^ ^^ Roman Catholic relij^ibn wis 
^aih reiftdred, biit it was eritSrely |)ut dbwii 

in 



228 C bU N T Y O' 

in 1559, ^nd the church liturgy again t^ 
newed by Queen Elizabeth, and m the 
choir Englidi Bibles were placed for the ufe 
of the public. 

It is a very antient handfome building, 
and the chapter confifts of an Archbtihop, 
Bifhop, Dean, Chanter, Chancellor, Trea- 
furer, two Archdeacons, and twenty-two 
Prebendaries. 

In the reign of Henry VL the Earl of Kil- 
.dare being Lord Deputy, the parliament was 
he]ld in Chrift Church (anticntly called the 
Church of the Holy Trinity) as it was alio in 
1559,. the Earl of Suffex Lord Deputy. 
- There is a monument in this Cathedral of 
!£ari Strongbow (>yho came from England 
with; Henry IL in 1171,; who died of a 
mortification in his foox. This* monument 
was greatly damaged in 1562 by the roof 
of the church falling in ; but there is at pre- 
f^nt thi^ reipains of it^ in thegrea^jfle, with 
aninrqription over it. 

The palace of ; ihe'Archbilhop of Dublin, 
is fituated at the rear oiF St. Patrick's Cathe- 
dral li is a very an tien^ building, and there 
irt 'many elegant rooms in it, fevcral of 
them very large. It was confideraUy repair-^ 
ed by thq late Archbifhop Smith ; and it is 
faid^b hayebe^n originally built injhfsyear 
J 5£0, in ilic ,reign of . Edvy ard VL 

. Libr^jes. The public libraries in jPpblin 
are, that in tjie Univeriity which is elegantly 
fitted up and j^rnilhed with a copfiderble. 

number 



J 



P U B L I N. 229 

number of well chofen books by the beft au- 
thors, and adorned with the buftos of the 
moft eminent writers. The library of St. 
Sepulchre*s, founded by the late primate 
Narciffus Marfh^ contains a comprehcnfivc 
library of books in all arts and fciences, by 
writers of the greateft eminence in the laft 
and prefent century ^ which is open for the 
curious from eleven to two every day, Sun- 
days excepted. To mention the great ca?c 
and affiduity of the librarians, 1 purpofely 
avoid, in order to prevent offence to thofe 
by wnom 1 have been obliged with many vjt- 
luable and interefling particulars inferted in 
this work. 

The Tholfel. Is a large quadrangular 
edifice built of hewn ftone, fupported by 
arches and pillars. The frorit has a magni^ 
ficent appearance, being elegantly enriched 
and adorned with the ftatutes of Charles Ih 
and James II. It derives its name from the 
word toiWlall, being formerly the place api- 
pointed for toll-gatherers to receive the toH 
or cullom of fuch goods as wereiiaUctothd 
city impofts; It was ercdted in the year 1 683^ 
at the city cxpence, and adapted to their 
commercial bufinefs ; there are large and de- 
gant chambers laid out for the lord mayor, 
recorder^ board of aldermen,(heriflf$,and com^ 
moQS, to bold their quarterly and poft ailem-« 
blies in ;: alfo the; quarter feiTions and other 
courts for the ddminiftraition of juftice. The 
deliidquents are tried before the lord mayor, 

recorder 



.1. 11^ >'*P"III 
-zso COUNTY OF 
recorder and aldermen for'bapital offences 
(murder and trieafon excepted;, ftnd by vir- 
.tu J of the civil bill ad, all debt» where the 
^fum litigated does not exceed zol. are deter- 
jfirined. Alfo the court of confcience, in whidi 
' thelate lord mayor an riually prefides for deter- 
inlning debts under •40s. TKe iantient re- 
xords'of the city are likewife kept here. 

The Cuftom Hoafe. Is fituated in ESkx 
"fitreet, on the foiith of tBe riVer Liflfey, ad- 
yoitiing Effex Bridge, and is a lai]ge edifice. 
'It was built in 1707. The quay -is too con- 
•fined for the number of ftiips which are con- 
rtinually lying there, but it is imended to 
enlarge it. There are feven commiflionere of 
the revenue and eiccrfe, 'who Tiave chambers 
Signed tq th^m for the tranfading comnier- 
<ial bufinefs, &c. and a number of offices. 
The Linen. Hall This building was e^ 
l^ded in 1 728, for the reception of linen clothe 
'Which are brought to Dublin fqr fale. The 
nation has derived great benefit from the re- 
gular m&iiner in which bofitiefs is attended 
here, particularly before the cloth fSirs at 
jEhcftcr, to which confideraWc quantities <rf 
Unen are bxpohed; and as the liaeh manii- 
h&ixc is the ftaple conimodiry of ireknd^ 
which is brdi^ht to grcatbr perfection than 
thofebf other rilations, it is jiarticularly at- 
tended toj by the truftces, who art cbtppof" 
edofthe Lord Chancellor, Lord Primate, 
Ardhbifho^ of DiiWih, arid nibft of the 
princifal nbbility in the kingdom. , The 
. . » officers 



D B[ IB .L^I N. 2JI 

'^offldbVs afc ianrifiTpef^, > llbrc-keeper, cham^ 
berlara, with^a gfi^at number of clerks and 
:;oAec '^(lanti;. {(is a regulai'^arge 'build- 
ving uriih imay: apaltfnents^ all kept in 
-«raii!x>rderfor j^ie fafe<y of the linen depo** 
Sted thctte. : 

Royamofpitalof Rilimirtha?R» for the rc- 
«eptiori of aged and iharmcd foldiets. It is fi- 
ifuattdon a rifmg ground at the ^eft end of 
'^iBHiblifiy near the river Lifiey, and formerly was 
a part of the Phoenix Park, king Charles IT. 
granted' 64 adres6f land for the purpofe of 
-credi^ this hofpital, and the firft ft ode 
was laid by the Dilke df Orniond, April 
'«9^ 1680, and coft near 23566I. great paft 
of which was granted by King Charles 11. 
and .by iixpende in the t>ound being deduc- 
ed ffrota the Jiajr of the t)fficer6 and ^Yivate 
-men'onthie military eltabiidinent. This 
ftately edifice is of a quadrangular forhi, tond 
^cclntftins a l^flicibui? aVea, with gravel wiilHs 
and grafs plots, and about the Whole is a pi* 
ia»a by WAich there Is a ccYeitd.paffigefroih 
every quarter. The dhapd is ni*t attd ^Ic- 
^Unti ^and tbe fttidcd troitt anid carving^iiilllr 
efteemed, being fo fuperb and ma^i&ent^as 
renders it isqda^ if ntit fojjeribr, to moft !& 
thii^ kingdIMn. The faall is )ver)y large, lind 
adorned with elegant whole tei%th por* 
traituresc^ tUe ibunSet' CHaVlta if ; fi^d his 
i^M, .ahd^ atf* the: (michfiAthg kinga^c^ 
Great Britain ; as alfo of tfaa obf^ gdveiliors 
cf Iceland and' many other celebrated pet- 

fonages^ 



tiz GO UN TV Q'F 
fonages^ cxcGnted by- eminent artite. ^Thiwe- 
are handfome apattment^ for the mafter, 
chaplain, phyfician^v^asKf bfficers. Thcft'ont 
5 towards the ^♦scnioi^s gardens,, isfextremely. 
grand and teautifult ; he portJilisiintheCSoK 
rinthian order, embellifhed wiriitheiar'iiisbf 
the Duke of Ormondji over which is ,a Ibfty. 
fpire with a clock, and the whde buildiog' 
16 of excellent workmaofbip. 5 Ttereareat 
prefent 306 aged. fokSers maintained :in tlftft< 
hofpital.. » > 

TheGovemoTspP the RoyalHpQirta! are^ 
His Excellency John, Earl of BuckinghaoK- 

fhire* on other.Lord ^Lieutenant.' 
His Grace Dr. Richards Robinfon^ ' Lord 

Primate. 
James^ Lord Lifibrd, Eord Chancellbr.. 
Hrs QraceDrr Fowler Archbi^opof Dublin* 
Charles Earl of Drogheda,. Mafter*of the 

Ordnance. 
John Lord^ Annaly,. Chief Juftice of., the 

King's Bench, r " . , ; 

Right: Hon. J Marcus Paterfonv to^d 1 Ghirf^ 

Juftice Comrnbon Pjeas.j . ■ :r 
Right Hon. the Lord (i^Mtfi Baroa^of the 

Exchequer; : ; ; 

Right Hon. the Secretary^ of State; ( 

Robert Earl of Belvsdere;^ Mufter Mafttr 

• General.,' !'>:'•.• =:-'r 'I» f? '' ' 
TheQijarterMlifteriCrenctral'Ji 1..! . •. -: 
Ueut. Gfen. SJfiJobm Iviifm^i: K^^fi. M^Okk^ 

of the riofpiteh :? i • ?] • 

.... Ther* 



DUBLIN. 233 

There is refiding at the Hofpital, the de- 
puty mafter, chaplain, phyfician, auditor and. 
rcgifter, paynnafter, furgcon, reader, provi- 
dore, apothecary, regiftcrs, clerk and cham- 
ber keeper, &c. Public notices are given in 
the Dublin Gazette, and in the Dublin Jour- 
nal of the times of payment of thepenfiotis 
and of the out-penfioners, many of whom 
refide in England, who are now paid at the 
treafury Dublin only, by an a&, pafled in 

1776. 

The Work Houfe. Situated in James's 
Street, is a very large building, for the 
maintenance and education of expofed and 
dcferted young children, who when of age 
arc put apprentice to trades. The governors 
arc incorporated by charter, confiding of 
175 perfons in the higheft ftations. It is 
fupported by parliamentary grants and by the 
licences granted to coachmen and chairmen 
and a tax on publicans, by an aA of parlia- 
ment for that purpofc, pafled in 1773; 
there are at prefcnt 3000 children in the 
houfe and at nurfe maintained at the expence 
of the work houfe. 

Lying-in-Hofpital. Whether in point of 
architecture, the ufefulnefs of the defign, or 
the beauty of the execution, we confider 
this noble edifice, it equally demands the at- 
tention of the public. This was the firft hof- 
pital of the kind attempted in Ireland, and 
was founded by Bartholomew Moffe furgeon 
and manrmidwife, affifted by many large 

benefactions 



^34 COUNTY CTF 

bencfaftions frfm the nobility. The founda- 
tion ftonc was feid by Thornas Taylor, lord 
mayor of Dnbiin in 1751, and in 1755 the 

- parliahient granted twelve thoufand pounds 
tor the completion of this building, and 
two thoufand pounds to Dr. Mode for his 

^ trouble. George IL in 1756, granted a 

- charter incorporating feveral noblemen and 
' gentlteien, governors of this charity : in 

I757,';tt was opened by his Grace the hte 
Duke of Bedford, then Lord LieuCenafit, 
and 52 wonnen were admitted. The chapel is 
themoft elegant' in the kingdom, and the 
' figiirea in flucco * work, reprefenting faith, 
' hope, and charity, are executed in fb tnaf- 

- terly a manner as j^ftly to render it the admi- 
ration of the curious. There rs alfo a Rotunda 
(much refenabKi^ Ranelagh, nearLondbn) 
where are performed concerts; to which the 
nobility and gentry refort ;' and in the fum- 
mer feafon tte coiicerts ate performed in die 

^garden, which is laid out in ij^ralks, Src. m 

- a neat manner. The profits arifitig from tbefe 
' entertainmencs are appropriated to the fiip- 

port of the Hofpi tal, which generally amount 

• to about 600L per aftnum. The garden con- 
' fifls of a large fiquare piece of ground en- 

clofedy the fides prettily laid out in walks^ 

* plantations of fiirubs, trees, &c. Od 
the weft fide of it, oppofite to the hofpital, 
the ground being confiderably higher than 
the other part, it is formed into a fine hang- , 
ing bank, with a flope of 'ab#ttt thirty feet, 

oa 



] 



CD U;B L I JJ. 235 

-^ theri6po(:vfhkkisf^n ^^nt tci'riice walk 

cdmmtriiding a finertew of that grand and 

magnrifiQaJt hEkfykaLr't An tnrcheftra is built 

on the ixpptx'fkii of this tctrace, ' where tfhe 

rmific has ainmch fider efieft tlian can be im- 

r agbed; Mti is encom|[>^iIed with* groves of 

; ' trees^nd flirubb^ries. 

• The! Hibernian SehkJoll Is a large and mflfg- 
. nifipehtitone build ihg.fimated in^ the Phoenix 
' Pad:k, ' a< the rear of which is an elegant cha- 
. pel built under the dirfcftion of Mr. Cooly, 
the celebrated/ archite<ft, and' was opened in 
•• J 773* ' .The huHiaoity ?of eredting and cn- 
-idbwiDg this fcliDDl ^bv the purpofeof main- 
taining, educating and apprenticing the 
•/children of fok^ers^ aiid the abqbifition it 
^ .Infill -be to the prbteftant r^ligicHi, render it an 
objeft of; national utility. His prcfeht Ma- 
; jicfty granted tfarce acres of ground free, to 
xhh chdiittble . inftitution) and a bounty x>f 
V loOoh per annum ; and the parliament have 
iigrtoftc^iaigefuafisfor the Aipport of it, and 
-myi^ievery^iregiment on this eftablilhmenris 
-Hemitted one iday^s pay for that purpofe. 
. 'There sate at prefent 1 40 boysr and 66 girls in 
-it ti The governors appointed by charter in 
^^7fip9 >confifl: of the Lord Lieutenant, Lord 
\Primate, Lord Chancellor, Archbifhop of 
^Dublin, and.BiifliDps and-moft of the prind- 
Apal nobility dnd.gentjfy. 

The Hibernran Marind Narftry . Ilfiftituted 

in> 1766, for the maintenance and education 

)of the^pliatas and children of feamen who 

. . hav^ 



236 C O UN T Y O F 
have either died or ai« worn' out in: his rta— 
jcfty's fleet, of in the mercbant5;fervice. TJiis 
biiiiding-iisone of thi moft elegant of the 
kind in Inland v it is built of ftone and has 
two wings-; it w^s alfo executed under the 
diredtion of Mj^ Cpoly^ h is fituated on 
the fouih of the rivecLiffcy near Kdgcribn's 
Qgay. The E^rf of Hertford^ when.Lord 
Lieutenant, gaise icx»L to this cbaritjv and 
the parlianaent of Irbland.grantedas an ap- 
probation of fo ufefulan undertaking 6000I 
to buiki this houfe*. which was fiaiihed ia 
1:774. It contains. 6q boys» who are io*^ 
ftrudedvin nayisation, Seci for. the iea i«r- 
vice.. 

Swift's Hoffikaffbr the Aippbrt of Luna- 
tics and Ideots, (commonly called St. Pa- 
trick's Hofpital). was founded in 17459- 
hy a bequcft ofr about 1 i^oool devifed for 
tbit purpofe by the celebrated Dr. Swift» 
I>ean of St. Patricfir'a^ wlsioh in hta wttt wis 
ordered to be laid out in pnrcb^^'g- kmdsof 
inheritance in fee fimple, fituateio any pro- 
vince in Irdand, exccEtConaaugh^ anddi- 
reded this Hofpital to be ereiScd ncarDn 
Sceven&'s Hofprta), Jacge enough feorttbere- 
eeption of as^rdany ideotsafidlunattcsdistbc 
annual income , of tlie feid labds and- world^ 
fjLibftance (baUbe/fuffieient toniaiimam; (and 
ordered faid hofpital to be buiVt in fucha 
manner; that ftntther building may be added, 
unto it» in- caie- the • endowment. itberedf 
( fiiouklt<bie .enlarged;. &. that itIvt«;uIditbDal 

building; 



B tJ B 1. I N. 237 

%irrlding may make the \Wiole edifice regulaiir 
and compkat. The following geritlemen^v^rc 
appointed his executors : The Hon, Robert 
Lyndfay, judge of the coott of ^ Common 
Pleas, Henry Singleton, Efqi/prime ferjeant. 
Rev. Dr. Patrick Delanyi chanceHor of St. 
PatricK's, ^Rev, Or. Francis Wilfon, prebend 
of I Kilteaftolway, Eaton Stannard, Efq; 
recprderof Dublin, Rev. 'Mr. Robert Grat- 
tatr, prebend of St. Audeon*s, Rev. Mr, 
John Grattati, prebend of Cjonmetteint 
Hev. Mr. James Stopford, vicar of Finglas, 
3lev; Mr. James King, prebend of Tipper, 
and Alexander M*Aullay, Eiq. An ^ftate 
has-fince been purchafed, the annual incorne 
of vrhich isabJ5Ut>40ol. perafjnum:, and the 
hofpital has^be^n built in the fituation the 
truly htinrifanis and moft worthy Dean in his 
will.dire^ted, andl is fituated near the hofpi- 
tal- of ^Dr. Stevens, at the weft end of 
Dublitfjion -the^4buth of the river LifFey. 
It ii fl ^lain handfome ftone edifice, capable 
of being further enlarged on the wings ; 
there ar^ two4arge areas for -the ^patients to 
cxercife, which are feparated by a wall | 
that on the eaft fide is appropriated for the • 
ufe-^ the men, that on th^ weft fide for the 
women, and is iriclofed .very lately by a 
high ftone ' wall. 

This hofpital coft in building near 6000I, to 
-which many well difpofed people in Ireland 
contributed, fubfcription rolls, having been 
tfent throughout the kingdom for that pur- 



'v.^v^i wi'i • 



23« C OUN T Y O F^ 

pofe ; and the. fund hasiiiceRaugm^tedby 
legacies from the late Sir Rtth^ Lcvioge, 
AlderiX5aD .BdN^en, i Dr. Sterne Bi(hop. of 
Clqgher, Rev* John WarraU, Aldmnan 
Faulkner, and othersr ; but the fund is fttll 
infufficient to maintain the. Dumber of pa- 
tiecUs for whom applications, have been 
m^de. ! The houfe being now fuH with^^opbor 
lunatics, who are taken the '\itmoft icare.of,: 
the. narrow circumftances pbliged the gor 
verpors to be under the difagreeable necef- 
fity. of admitting 1 6 other perfons who ureiio- 
fanp, as boarders, on the payment of thirty 
guineas a yean . But ^t is to be boped.4he(>pt 
pulent inhabitants of Irelandfii^verCore^Boft^ 
in alleviating. the diftriefl^.Qf itheirfdlowf 
creatures, mayconfider tWs.cbarijiaWfl foun- 
dation, which is (he moft nfefttls ^s well as 
the mc^ commendable in the kn^wn world. . 
The governors of this Ho%ijal weise in- 
corpc^ritted :by charter^ Augpft:;8tl^:)i746i.. 
among whom were the lord il^riiriaieii^cyd 
chaBc^Uor, archbifiiop of 2)uWi% deasisrof 
Chnft^Churcb and. St. Patri€k,r!ftaiephyfir 
ciai^ and/furgcdn igenwaU. all ;f or the time 
beingw .Befides^^theiaboveJhe following, are: 
at preientgpvernors^ lord chief ,bamn^Ddxr 
nis,uwhQ is treafMrer, Dr. Mafnaj bifliopi^f 
G)rk, Right Hon. John Beresfo.fdi, ,Richar<l 
Levii}ge..^nd Thoroiis riMobbe^ J5i5j^^.^^ 
Dr.iRl^ohfordf Dr. Emm^tj: phyfican^ and 
Johfi : WWrtQWi^y, .: Efq. furgeop^ ; who, attend 
grati«4:'i : . / . 

St^aeqs's HofpitaK Is a large arid contj- 

modious 



DUBLIN. Z39 

nrod'ious building, . for the maintenanc of 
thefick and WQuijded^ wcris pcrfons.ijndcr 
fudden accidents are receivjedat all times. The 
goyerhors^ Who confift of .the. following pcrr 
fons, ,w?re incorporated by .aft of parliament 
4n.i730, viz. jord primate, lord chancellor, 
archbifhop of Dublin, chancellor of the., 
exc^hequer, lord chief, juftjce of thekingi 
tench and common pleas, and lord chief ba- 
ron. Right Hori. the provoft, deans of Chrift 
Church and 3t.f atrick's, and furgeon general, 
all for the time being; alfo Hon.. Juftice Ro*- . 
^iofon. Right Hon. H. T. Clement, . Lord 
Palrqerfton, Biftiopof KiImore,^John White- 
way, Righard Levinge, Thomas Cobbe^ 
John Rochfort, and Jofeph Henry, Efqrs. 
Phyfician, Dr. Archer. Vifiting furgeons, 
Willian>Ru|cton and John Whiteway, Efqrs. 
^ffiftant furgeons Samuel Croker King and 
Dean, 5wift, Efqrs.. befidcs^ refidcnt fur- 
geon, chaplain, apothecary, fteward,. ma- 
tron, regifter, and other afliftaats. . Dr. 
Stevens, a phyfician, firft endowed xhis 
Hofpital, to which many legacies have been. 
^nce left. It is a large handfbme . building 
iituated qn the fouth.of the river. LifFey^ at 
the weft of Publin,. has a large area with a 
piazza* round the fame^ is capable. of le- 
ceiying.3po patknts, and is the neateftand 
moil complete .Ijofpital in the. kingdom, 

Me):cer's Hoipijtal in Stephen's Street. Is 
an elegant (lone .building, founded by Mrs. 
IVlary Meijc^r* in i734> for tbereliefof ftir-» 
gical pdtli^iats^ .. The gov^nors \irere incocpo*^ 

rated 



240 CO U NT Y '0 F 
rated by charter, in 1750. It is capable of 
holding 80 beds. The income of the hofpital 
has lately much decreafed, and its fupport 
at-prefent ts from the benefit ari^fing from a 
mafical perforniance with cathedral fervicc 
at St. Andrew'^schurch annually. The phy- 
ficians and furgeons attend gratis. 

Charitable Infirniary. This infirmaiy is 
fnpported by voluntary contributions for re- 
lieving furgical patients, which are received at 
all. times. It is fituated on the Inns quay. 
There are generally 50 patients in the houfe 
which are attended by the mod eminent fur* 
gcorts gratis. It was founded in 1728 by 
fix furgeons, and great numbers are daily re^- 
lieved there. 

St. Nicholas's Hofpital. In Francis Street, 
was opened, in 1753, for relieving the af- 
flidled poor, but principally furgical patients, 
where they are attended by phyficians and 
furgeons gratis. 

The Lock Hofpital. Is fituated in Claren'- 
don-ftreet, where phyficians and furgeons 
alfo attend without fee or reward. 

The Dublin Hofpital. In Park-ftreet, for 
relieving the poor afflidted with fevers, fmalK 
pox, &c. under the care of Dr. Redmond 
Boat. The fund for fupporting this hofpital 
is very fmall, and if more benefaftions do 
not come in, it muft foon be fliut up . 

Blue-Coat-Boys Hofpital, or the hofpital 
and free-fchool of Charles II. in Oxman- 
town, was founded by the bounty of the 
city of Dublin, in 167a, for the mainten* 

ancc 



DUBLIN. 241 

ance, education, and putting out apprentice 
to trades, the children of decayed citizens. 
The ground on which this building was 
crc<fted was granted free by King Charles 11. 
for that purpofe, and the governors were in- 
corporated by charter, among whom were 
the lord mayor, recorder, aldermen, fhe- 
riffs and IherifFs peers for the time being. 
This was an elegant building,but being much 
^ut of repair, another edifice is erecting for 
the above noble purpole in Oxmantown* 
green, the firfl: ftone of which was laid by 
his excellency the Earl of Harcourt, in 1773. 
For the expence of that building a fund has 
been railed by the fines for being excufed 
ferving the office of (heriffof Dublin, and 
by the voluntary contributions of many emi- 
nent citizens, fome of whom have declared 
their intentions of further endowing it. The 
prefent governors are the lord mayor, rjecor- 
der, aldermen, (faeriffs and IherifTs peers. 
Earl Roden, the bifliop of Kildare, the pro- 
voftof Trinity College, Sir Lucius O'Brien, 
Ifaac Holroyd, Jofeph Kane, and George 
Sin>pfon, Efqns. 

Meath Hofpital. For the reception of fur- 
^ical patients, near Meath*ftreet, Dublin. 

The Barracks. Is fituated at the weft end 

j of the town on the north of the LifFey, on 

I an eminence, having an agreeable prolpedt 

, of the river, the city, and the adjacent 

M country} 



r, 



242 COUNTY O F 

country; itconfiftsof three courts open to 
Barrack-ftreet, befides one large fquare not 
quite finiflied, on the weft of Oxmantown- 
green, all built of Ardbracken ftone, and is 
the moft regular, magnificent and com- 
pleat building of the kind in Europe, and 
was eredtedat the cxpence of the crOwn, 
There are generally quartered here fix re- 
giments of foot and one of Horfe, which 
doduty attheCaftle, Werburgh-ftreer, and 
on the Poddle in the liberty of Thomas 
Court. 

Theatres, There are at prefcnt four ta 
Dublin : the Theatre Royal inCrow-ftrect, 
the Old Theatre in Smock-alley, the City 
Theatre in Capcl-ftrect, and a Theatre ia 
Fifliamble-ftreet. This laft has not been 
opened fince the commencement of the year 
1774, but it is repairing to be opened the next 
feaibn. Crow-ftreet Theatre, did meet with 
very great encouragement, no pains or ex* 
pence having^been fparedto render theatrical 
entertainments agreeable, and thebeft aftors 
in the kingdom are conftantly engaged there. 
Though it is not fb large as thofe in England^ 
yet it 18 one of the moft neat and beft 
conftrudted theatres, both for the audience 
and the afters, thatcan^ imagined, and fre- 
quently pla}[s are performed by command 
of the lord lieutenant. The City Theatre 
being fmall, is not capable of admitting a 
numerousaudience, confequently the a£tors 

did 



j 



D U B L I N. 243 ■ 

dlid not derive fo much emolument in 
perfomirng there : the paintings and 
decorations are fuch as are univerfally 
adrriired. . i 

Markets; The principaF markets in Dubh 
Im, are the following, viz. Ormond Mar- 
ket, fituated near Orniond-bridge, on the 
north fide of the river LifFey, which is the* 
mbft pleiTtiful and beft regulated of any in 
the city-; it much tefembles that of 'Lead- 
cnhall in London 4 being fupplied with pro-' 
vifions of every kind, meat, fi(h, poultry, 
vegetables, butter, &c. &c. in which a per- 
fon may provide every thing, in feafon, 
without going to a fecond market, which in 
'many of the other markets is not fo. 

Caftle market is fituated on the eaft of 
the Caftle, near Dame-ftreet, which was. 
ifirft opened in 1704, where prpvifions of the 
beil kind ate to be obtained. It is fmall, 
<:on{equently not fuch variety to^ be met 
with as in the former. Paitrick's Market, 
in Patrick-ftreet 5 Meath Market, in Han- 
bury-lane ; New Hall Market, near New- 
gate; and Clarendon Market, near William- 
ftreet ; are in general well furnilhed with 
cviery kind of provifions. 

There are in feveral parts of Dublin pub- 
lic coal yards, which are an excellent infti- * 
tQtion : for when coals arc higher than 1 8 
(hillings per ton in the (hips that bring 
M z them 



r 



•T™"'*T^WTF"**^^Pi^ 



d44 C O U N T Y O F 

them from England, riiefe yards are opraed 
s^nd coals fold therein to the poor and indi- 
gent tinder, certain regulations at 1 8 (hillings 
per ton. 

. The great quantity of coals imported 
from Whitehaven and other parts of England 
«s well as from Scotland, amount annually 
to about 150,0001. as appears by the Cuftom 
Houfe books, befide a very confiderabfe 
nuniber of tuns which are not entered, the 
coal fa£tors having entered into a comUna- 
tion not to fell under 1 8 (hillings per ton, 
which is a very exorbitant profit ; for upoa 
examination it appears very clear that they 
would have a reafonable and fufiicient pro- 
fit upon a fale at 13 (hillings a tun« There 
are in Ireland many large colKeries, which 
are good in their kind, and we want nothing 
but the means of bringing them to market; 
this difficulty it is hoped will in a few years 
be obviated by the inland navigation which 
is now, carrying on, and then we (hall have 
this necefTary of life in great abundance, and 
fave theexpence of fendmg out of the king* 
dom fo large a fum annually in fpecie. 

Liberty of Thomas Court. The chief 
governors ufually held their courts at Tho- 
mas Court. In 1488, the Earl of Kildare, 
then lord deputy, . receive Sir Richard 
Edgecomb in the Prefence Gham^>er, com- 
monly called the iCing's Greaf Chamber, 
where the lords of the council attended and 
^ took the oath of allegiance to Henry VII. 

Sometimes 



D U B L I N. 245 

Sometimes they refided at the palace of the 
archbifhop of Ehiblin, at St. Sepulchre's, 
and at the caftle of Kilmainham. In this 
liberty is a Marflialfea for debtors, and on- 
the Merchant's Quay, another called the City 
Marflialfea, and a third near Thomas-ftrcet 
called the Marflialfea of the Four Courts ^ 
moft of the debtors confined in the above 
are maintained folely by the voluntary con- 
tributions of the inhabitants of Dublin, and: 
it is but juftice to declare, that every objedb 
of real compaflion, confined therein, feldom 
continues there longer than his or her cafe 
is made known, in the public news-papers^ 
when the public immediately fend money to 
thofe appointed to receive it, and the debt 
IS moftly compounded, tbenewfpaper prin- 
ters, particularly Mr. Faulkner, always 
contributing thereto by advcrtifing their ca- 
fes, if real obje<5ts, gratis. 

Liffey (River of the Anna) about fevcii: 
miles from the fea. On this river is fituated 
Dublin, which is banked through the whole 
length of the city on both fides, which form 
fpacious quays, where veffels below EflTex- 
bridge load and unload before the merchants^ 
doors and warehoufes ; but as the width of 
this river is but one fifth as wide as the 
Thames at London, con fequently thofe ftiips 
only of about aoo tons can come up to the 
cuftom houfe, which joins Effex-bridge on: 
the fouth fide. Thofe of a larger burthen 
are unloaded by barges. 

M 3- The 



r 



246 C O U N T Y O F 

The harbour of Dublin hath a large bar 
in the entrance, upon which at high flood or 
fpring tide there is from 1 5 to i S.feet of water^ 
hut at the ebb and neap tide but only fix. 
When it is high flood at the bar a flag is 
hoifted at the top of the new light-houfc, 
which is built at the end of the fouth wall; 
The fouth wall runs near two miles ffom 
Ringlend into the Tea ; it is not yet. finiflied^ 
but from the many parliamentary grants for 
that purpofe it is expedled to be finilhed 
about the year 1784. And is of the bread tfi 
of thirty teet, where there are (everal wharfs 
of great ufe in landing of goods, &c. in 
diftieis of weather ; at the light-houfe are 
boats and pilots always ready to aflift (hipa 
in diftreis. 

Salmon and. ialmon-trouts are in great 
plenty in this river v the falmon g<5nerally 
go up as far as Leixlip, to fpawn ;. the fal- 
mon trout is of a good relifli and high fla- 
vour, and when boiled is redder than any 0- 
ther trout; 

Lampreys are frequently found in this ri- 
ver 5 it is the beft bait in the world for cod. 
The Dutch are very felicitous in purchaf- 
ing them, and thereby deprive the Englifli 
iifhermen of them, when filhing for cod in 
the Downs. They are fometimes pickled. 

The following diredions refpedting (hips 
entering the bay of Dublin is fubjoincd, as it 
may be of ufe to traders, &c; 

As 



D' U B L I N. 247 

As foon as any (hip arrives in the bay of 
Dublin the name of the (hip, as well as that 
of themafter, being always demandedby the 
revenue officers, on coming into this or any 
other port in Ireland i themafter muft an- 
fwer them as well as give an account from 
whence he came and whither bound. In 
cafes of refufal, he fubjedts himfelf to a pe- 
nalty of lool. *On coming, into any port, 
the mafter Js to fufFer the king's officers to 
come on board the veffel peaceably and 
q^ietly, either by day. or night, and. the 
tide officers ffiallbe permitted to remain on 
board till the (hip be entirely, unladen, or 
till they are difcharged by their fuperiors. 
Their duty in general, confiftin entering in* 
to any part of the veflTel to fearch for pro^ 
hibited goods, or any intended to be landed 
before due entry or payment of duty, and"^ 
on their difcovering fuch, they are to fend^ 
them to the cufiom hou(e, and fine goods of 
fmall bulk they.are to have conveyed to his. 
Majefty's ftores for thefecuritypf theduties. . 
They are empowered to fearch and examine 
all perfons going, on (Kore from the (hip, that* 
they do not take any prohibited^, or other 
goods on (hore,^ to the pjrejudice of his Ma- 
jefty *s revenue. If the mafter obftrudts any 
of the officers, .he is liable to be profecuted 
for the penalty of lOol. in the court of ex-- 
chequer, or. before the commifTioners of 
excife. 

M 4 Small 



I 



mmmm 

248. COUNTY OP 

Small veflelsnot exceeding the burthen of 
25 tons, f not in leak or wreck) out of which 
any excifcable goods arc landed before they 
are invoiced, or entry made of the goods in 
the ufual manner, or without the knowledge 
or confent of the difcharging officer, or at 
unlawful hours, are liaUe to forfeiture, toge- 
ther with the tackle, &c, ^and the owner 
of the^veflel would be profecuted according 
to the" laws of excife. Every mariner of- 
fending or affifting therein, in landing goods 
from on board any fhip at unlawful hours or 
places, or before due entry is made, forfeits 
by the aft of cuftoms, treble the value of 
the cuftom of fuch goods, or to fuffer impri- 
fonment not exceeding twelve months, and by 
the adt of excife i ol unlefs he made difcovery 
withtn one month. All captains or mailers 
of fliips will obferve, that the lawful hours 
for (hipping or landing goods are, from the 
firft of March to the laft of September, be- 
tween fup-rifing and fun-fetting ; and from 
the laft of September to the firft of March, 
between 7 in the morning and 4 in the after- 
noon. There is a particular indulgence 
granted to matters of Ihips in the port of 
Dublin, when the contents of their invoice 
have been fcnt up in lighters to the cuftom- 
houfc, and the fhip has been duly fearched : 
it is ufual to admit fuch (hip to be cleared 
out, unlefs fome reafons appear to the con- 
trary. 

No goods for fale can be imported into 

"^ Ireland 



\ 



D u B L r n: 24^ 

Ireland in any of the pacquet boats, without li- 
cence from the commiflioners of the revenue, 
nor any gold and filver thread, fringe, lace 
or any work made thereof.The following arti- 
cles are not fuhjc€t to duty upon importation^ 
bullion whether in coin, bars or plates,, 
bleachers furnaces, black foap, canes or 
reeds ; and the following lift of dying drugs,. 
V12. agaric, roach alum, aonotto, anti'moni- 
urn, aqua fortis, argol, arfcnic, bay berries^, 
blue cakes, imported for the Imen manufac- 
ture, they are prepared from Indigo, Brazil 
wood, Brazilletto wood, cochineal, copperas^ 
green, cream of tartar, cudbear, fuftic,, 
galls, gum arabic or gum (enega, indigo, 
iHnglas, kelp, litmus, logwood^ madder,, 
madder roots, nicoragua wood, orcbal, or- 
cheily, oil of vitriol, peach wood, pomegra- 
nate peels, red or Guinea wood, faccharum^ 
faturni, fafBore, falarmoniac, fal gem, fap- 
pan wood, red faunders, ftiumac,, ftricklac> 
turmeric, turnfole, valonia, verdigrife,. 
Tock mofe ; likewife ftax feed or Kemp feed 
of the growth or produce of any of the Bri- 
ti(h plantations in America,, or of Ruffia,.. 
Germany, or the Netherlands, lignum vitae,. 
white or brown linen cloth, manufac-^ 
tured in Great Britain^ linen rags, looms,. 
fmarts> trees, weld or woold, ftraw- and 
w-ool; 

There ia a particular ofiicer in the port of 

Dublin^ for regiftering all feizures^ informa*- 

M 5 tions 



r 



ISO COUNTY OF 
tions, claims^ judgments, fines, &c. When 
a feizure is niade it ought to be immediately 
lodged in the king's (lores, and an account 
of the goods feized, &c. mud be made to 
the commiffioners, if in this port, and if in 
any other place, it mull be made to the 
coUeftor of fuch other place, &c. and if no 
perfeoi claims or clears the goods in 21 days, 
they are abfolutely condemned ; thofe who 
have a mind to claim muft apply to the 
commiffioners in the port of Dublin, who 
will appoint a day for trial, when if any 
perfon (hall think himfelf injured by thefen- 
tence of the commiffioners, he may appeal 
to the commiffioners for appeals, who have 
a power to reverfe or confirm the fame ; but 
fuch appeal muft be made within two 
months. If any beef is (hipped for expor- 
tation, being killed at an undue age, it is to 
be tried in the court of exchequer in Dublin, 
and if any land waiter (hall difcharge any 
butter or tallow ca(ks, not properly^brandedf, 
he ifi punifhable by indictment in any court 
in Dublin, or in the country at the affizes; 

Bays and Harbours. 
Lambay. Is (ituated about 9 miles north 
of Howth, is a laiige ifland and much frequent- 
ed in the fummer feafon by parties of plea- 
fure, being diftant but 12 miles from Dub- 
lin, and on the fca coaft of the county of 
DubUn^ This ifland is remarkable for 

breed- 



DUBLIN. 251 

breeding vaft quantities of rabbits, faid to 
excel any other which are fent to Dublin 
market ; and the fur of thofe bred 011 
this ifland is fuperior to any other. There 
is a curious well and fpring of fine water^ 
and confiderable quantities of kelp are madei 
here. Round this. ifland there is good fifh- 
ihgforcrabsv lobfters, &c. &c. 

Ireland's Eye. A large high mountain^' . 
feen at a confiderable diftance. 

The Crofs Bill. Called by Willoughby^ 
Loxia ; a bird which deftroys pines and fir- 
trees, have been feen here*; where alfo the 
pigeon-hawk or goflaawk is faid to breed. 

Dublin Harbour. In this harbour. Sir 
Cloudefly Shovel took a frigate in 169Q, con- 
taining a great quantity of the plate belong-, 
ing to thfe Roman Catholic nobility , who 
were fdvoiirersof King James II. in fight- 
of that KingVarmy. 

The herrings caught in this bay are mtich' 
efteemed, and greatly preferred ta thofe 
from Wales and Scodand, as being fweeter 
and lefs oily. They are alfo larger and more- 
valued abroad. 

Oyfters. Thofe in the bed in the dredgery ; 
of Poolbeg, near the Piles in this bay, are 
efteemed fuperior to any other, pearls are 
fometimes found in them; they are very 
large with a brown ftiell. Another bed lies 
E. N. E. of Ireland's Eye ; they are as large, 
as a horfeflioe, and lies 18 fathom deep^ 
A third bed is at Malahide, which are green 

finned 



2c;z C O U N T Y O F 

finned, and eat very del jcioufly : thofe how- 
ever of Rufh and Skerries, being large and 
very fait, are moftiy ufed in fauces. 

This county contains (befides the city of 
Dublin already mentioned) the following 
chief towns. 

Balruddery. A fmall, neat town about 
8 miles north of Dublin in the road to Drog- 
heda, the trade of which is not confidera- 
ble. Mod of the inhabitants are employed 
in filhing. 

Finglas. A fmall town, about three miles 
north Weft of Dublin ; it is a moft agreeable 
pleafant retreat, to which great numbers re- 
fort ; here is a neat compadt church, and 
near it many gentlemen's feats, for which 
this part of the province is peculiarly adapted, 
Alfo a well, the waters of which are particu- 
larly recommended by Dr. Achmet for the 
cure of the fcurvy, and many other dis- 
orders. 

Glafnevin, Is another fmall town, t 
miles north of Dublin, remarkable for the 
large and elegant improvements made by 
many gentlemen refiding in and near this 
place ; eipecially the houfe and gardens of 
Hugh Henry Mitchell, Efq; the demefne is 
highly improved, and contains near 3 miles 
in circumference ; befides many other feats 
of the nobility, &cc. The gardens of the late 
Dr. Delany is juftly admired, on account of 
their many fingular beauties. Here is a 
fmall neat churqh. 

Dunleary. 



DUBLIN. 253 

Dunleary. A. fmall place, about five 
miles eaft of Dublin. Here is a pier which 
projefts about icx) feet into the fea. It is 
much frequented by paffengers on their arri- 
val from England. 

Newcaftle. This town is agreeably fitu- 
ated, 7 miles fouih weft of Dublin, on the 
top of a hill near the fea, from whence the 
profpefts are really delightful. It is govern- 
ed by a foveriegn and burgeffes. Many large 
(helves of fand, called grounds, oppofite 
this town, run along the coaft to the fouth. 

Swords. A borough and market town, 
fituated fix miles north from Dublin -, re- 
markable for its being the place of rendea- 
yous to the Irifli rebels in 1642. It confifts 
of one large ftreet near a.milein length, and 
has a very neat plain church ; the market- 
houfe is a very antient ftone building. 

Leixlip. A village which for pleafantnefs 
of fituation exceeds any other in this pro- 
vince. It is feated on the fouth fide of the 
river LifFey, about 5 miles from Dublin : 
there are in its neighbourhood feveral feats 
of the firft families in Ireland ; but that 
which is moft worthy the notice of ftrangers, 
is Lady Mazarine's, and was the country re- 
fidence of Lord Townftiend when Lord 
Lieutenant, the gardens of which are be- 
yond defcription, elegant and delightful, ly- 
ing on a declivity by the fide of the river, 
very fteep to the water's edge, and abound- 
ing with a confiderable number of trees from 

top 



254 COUNTY &V ^ 

top to bottom of various kinds for near a 
mile in length. In the river is a great fall of 
water, the roaring of which from the hel^t 
of near feventy feet has a very agreeable ef- 
feft, where the falmon in the feafon of 
fpawning leap over in a moft f urprifing man- 
ner, whence it is known by the name of the 
Salmon Leap. On this account, as well as 
from the truly romantic fcenes which prefent 
themfelves to the aftonifhed fpeftator, it is 
much frequented in the fummer by aU gen- 
teel company, who refort thither in great 
numbers : and befides its being near the mi- 
neral waters of Lucan, is another induce-^ 
-ment to vifit this beautiful place* It is 7 
miles weft of Dublin, to which the poft 
goes every day. 

Clondalkin. A fmall town about 2 miles 
fouth weft from Dublin, and about a quarter 
of a mile fouth of the Grand Canal ; here 
is a neat church, and adjoining it is. 
one of thofe round high towers^ which 
were antiently common in Ireland,, it is 
about 35 yards high, and is a very hand- 
fome ftone edifice. Rowland in his Mona 
Antiqua Reftur. mentions that Mat2ebah 
(Sacra Jovi quercus) is a pillar of ftone un- 
hewn •, of which there are feveral in this 
neighbourhood, and alfo ftanding upon the 
plains near Dundalk, fome of which are fo 
high that a man on horfeback, can fcarcely 
xeach the top of them. 

Malahide. A fmall village, fituated on an ' 
arm of the fea oppofite the ifland of Dona- 

bcate; 



D tr B L I N. ^55 

beate. Is remarkable for beds of excellent 
good oyfters, the beards of which are green, 
and for a quarry of black marble variegated 
with white, which takes a fine polifti. It is 
the eftate of Richard Talbot, Efq. 

Howth. A large village fituated 7 miles 
caft of Dublin, on the north of the bay of 
Dublin, where the LifFey joins the fea. The 
large promontory of Howth runs a great 
way into the fea on which is a large light 
houfe for a guide to mariners, which is al- 
moft encompafled with water. In the fum- 
mer feafon it is frequented by numbers of 
genteel company, as it commands a moll ex- 
tcnfive profpeft of the fea, and on a clear 
day I have feen Holyhead from thence. 
There are two good inns here. It gives the 
title of baron to the noble family of St. Law- 
rence, who have a feat adjoining, which is 
a very elegant antient (lone caftle, and is the 
largefl and handfomefl building of that kind 
in Ireland ; the demeihe is inclofcd by a ftone 
wall above a mile in circumference. 

Caflletown. Is a feat belonging to the 
Right Hon. Thomas ConoUy, fituated 10 
miles weft from Dublin, confifting of every 
elegance of taftc and defign in the many ex- 
tcnfivc and delightful improvements where- 
with it abounds. The gardens were planned 
under the directions of his lady, who is fifter 
to his Grace the Duke of Richmond. The 
higheft defcription of this beautiful impro- 
ved denoefiiC; which is about 3 miles in cir- 
cumference, 



r 



256 C O U N t Y O F 

cumference, muft fall infinitely fliort of the 
original, and of the conceptions of the de- 
lighted fpeclator on the fpot ; fuffice it to 
fay, that this feat by nature beautiful ii 
rendered one of the moft charming and 
pleafant feats in Ireland. The houfe is 
juftly efteemed one of the moft elegant 
pieces of architedture ever executed, and 
well deferves the attention of the curious. 
This noble edifice is built of ftone, and con^ 
tains a number of apartments, which for 
magnificence far exceed any in this king- 
dom. The hall is exceeding grand, and the 
rails of the ftairs are of brafs, defigned and 
caft for this purpofe by Sir Antliony King, 
which are richly gik.The fuperbfurniture,and 
the many valuable original piftures in this 
manfion, render it the admiration of ftrangers. 
Clontarf- A fmall town, fituated on the 
north of the bay of Dublm, about 2 mile* 
north eaft of Dublin, remarkable for its be- 
ing fo contiguous to the fea, which induces 
many perfons to refide there, in the fummer 
fcafon, for the benefit of bathing in the fait 
water. In 1031, one of the greateft battlet 
recorded by the Irifti hiftorians was fought 
here, between Bryen Boiroimhe, fon of Kcnne* 
dy of the line of Heber Fion, Monarch of all 
Ireland, and Maolmordha MacMurchuda, 
King of Leinfter; the occafion of the quar- 
rel between thcfe kings was this -^ Kii^ 
Bryen Boiroimhe, on his coming to the 
throne, refolvcd to biiild and maintain a large 

fleet 



wmmmfi^^'!^!mm 



DUEL I R 257 

fleet at fea for the fafety of the kingdom* 
againft the invafions of the Danes, and hav- 
ing applied to the King of Leinfter to fur- 
nim him with mafts, that king wiUing to 
fliew his 2eal for the fervice of Boiroimhe, 
accompanied the three tribes appointed to 
carry the mafts intoMunfter, in perfon* In 
their way thither a difpute arifing between 
thefe men, the king himfelf was obliged to . 
affift in carrying them, and thereby the but- 
ton of his mantle which had been prefented 
to him by Boiroimbe was broke off and loft. 
When arrived at Munfter, the king men- 
tioned to his fitter, Qiieen Boiroimbe, hiU 
accidental lofs of the prefent of the button, 
and the manner in which it was occafioned ; 
this fervile declaration fo exafperated her, 
that ftie upbraided him for meatmefs of fpi- 
rit and diftionour done to her family •, and 
pulling the mantle, which was very coftly, 
from his fhoulders, threw it into the fire. 
The King of Leinfter refenting this affront, 
took an opportunity of telling Bryen, that 
he would affift the Danes in war againft him, 
and the next morning early left Bryen's court 
in great difguft ; fome meffengers were fent 
to appeafe the king, but without fuccefs, he 
treating them with great indignity ; Bryen 
with his army marched immediately to the 
King of Leinfter's province, and at Clontarf 
they refted ; from whence he fent an herald 
to challenge him to a general engagement there. 
The Danes having joined the King of Leinf- 

ter's 



258 COUNTYOF 1 

ter's forces, both armies met, and Maolfeacth 
luin^ the depoied King of Inland and at that 
timeKing of Mcath, relates, that being a fpec- 
tator, it was dreadful to behold two fudi 
powerful armies engaged from the break of , 
day to night, when prelBng furioufly on tlic 
Danes and Leinfter troops^ a general rout 
enfuedf and Boiroimhe was declared con- 
queror ; . but he did not long enjdjrliis trir 
umph, for a party of Danes rulhing into his 
tent killed: him; there were about icocb* 
of the Danes and Leinfter forces (lain, , 
among whom was.tbe King of Leinfter ; 
and near 5000- of • Bwoimhe's troops, and 
many of the principal nobility ; but we can- 
not pretend to give a. more eiaft defcription. 
of this bloody battle than what the hiftories 
of thofe times furnifti us with. See Keating 
ad part. Dub. edft. 

Mufcles. The beft in this county are at. 
Clontarf,\and are ufed as bait for fi(h j that 
of the fea is preferred to the river fort, the. 
vifcofiiy being partly corredled by tht Mtin 
the former : mufcles and othfer flidl fifli wck 
well known in Horace'iS time ; , 

St dura morabitur alous 

Mytulus et viJes peJlent t)bftantia concha^ 
and the broth is prefcribed by Celfus fbr^ 
pcrfons in fevers. . Some phyficians are of 
opinion,. that fome poifonous infe^ accident- 
ly fwallowed by the mufcle, have occafioned 
fome perfons who have cat them to be poi- 
foned, as the venom fccms not to have its 

ieat 



DUBLIN. 259 

feat in the beard^ not in any thing enential to 
the mufcle ;, but it is neceffary to boil them 
in vinegar. 

Raheny. A finalt village near Clontarf, 
remarkable for its qjiairies of limeftone 
which bear a poliflx equal to marble. Here 
are fome elegant country feats,, particularly 
Captain Vincent's, Gorges Edmond Howard^ 
Efqr*s,. and others : and alfo a neat church. 
Charlemourit. The feat of the nobleman 
of that name. This elegant place is adorn^ 
ed with a fuperb and magnificent temple, 
called Marino^ from a building fo called in 
Spain. The Earl of Charlemoum has fpared 
no expence in improving this moft pleafing 
fituation. To attempt to defcribe the ele- 
gance of Marino is ufelefs, for the harmony 
and beauty of the building beggars all de- 
fcription. His Lord(hip*s feat is fituated 
between Clontarf and Dublin,- near Bally- 
bough Bridge. 

Lucan. A fmall town about 6 miles weft 
of Dublin, in the road to which is a large 
quarry of limeftone and flate, and a mill 
for plating iron. The fulphureous fprings 
noar this town, are juftly celebrated for 
their many excellent properties in the cure of 
divers chronical difeafes. The well is near 7 
feet long, 2 feet broad, and 15 inches deep, 
• and yields a large fupply oi water, contain- 
ing 82 gallons, and when emptied fills again 
in an hour. The foil about it is fandy and 
abounds with limeftone. It is fituated on 

the 



a6o CO UN T Y O F 

the demefnc of Agraondifham Vcfey, Efq. 
It refembles the Aix la Chapelle water in 
fmell and tafte, and is like our Swadltngbar 
water alfo in thofe refpedls, but more ftrong^ 
has the flavour when ftrongeft of a pu- 
trid egg, in fmell like the wartiingof a foul 
gun and the folution of fulphur. Silver 
immerfed in it at the well becomes inftantly 
black ; an iron key kept in for 48 hours was 
rufted, and gold immerfed in it aflumes a 
deeper yellow. It will retain its virtues many 
months, provided it is kept in bottles fealed. 
I have often drank it at the wel]» and the 
tafte remains on the palate fome time ; it is 
ft great diuretic, confequently of eminent 
fervice to thofe afflidted with the gravel or 
ftone, as alfo to many afflidled with thcL 
rheumatifm, &c. Dr. Rutty mentions its 
efficacy in curing a woman who had erup* 
tions of a tetterous kind ovct her body j 
another who had puftulcs on her hands ; a 
per (on of a herpes on the leg ; a man who 
bad an hemorrhage ; a man of a kind of le- 
profy ; another of a fcurvy, and upwardsof 
100 more cures, the more extraordinary as 
many of them were, hereditary. In mcft 
of thefe diforders, the Lucan water from its j 
firft introduiSlion hath proved fuccefsful, ef- } 
peclally when drank at the fountain, as well . 
as'ufcd externally, alfo for curing the difor- 
ders of the ftomach and bowels, &c. 

At Luttrel's town, near Lucan, are found i 
martens, which deftroy poultry and rabbits^ 

and 



DUBLIN. 261 

and is very mifchievous ; the fkinsareufcd in 
making muffs and lippt^ts •, and in the woods 
adjoining, in the demefne of Lord Imham, 
are alfo found fquirrels. Near this town is a 
largequarry of building (lone and lime (lone, 
Woodville, near Lucan, the feat of the 
Right Hon. H. T. Clements, is an elegant 
fuperb building, commanding a mofl; de- 
lightful profpedl of the river Liffey, Luttrel's- 
towH and other adjacent feats. Here is an 
elegartt cottage decorated with (lained glafs, 
is fituated on the banks of the Liffey, 
interfered with arbutes and other ever- 
greens. The gardens are fpacious and well 
laid ont» and the irnprovements are made 
with a peculiar degree of judgment and tade. 
On the whole this feat, for fituation and 
every other requifite, may juftly vie with 
any in'^this or any other kingdom, and deferv- 
ing the attention of the curious. 

Chapel-rzod. Afmall but very neat vil- 
lage about two miles weft of Dublin, on the 
fouthof the Pbenix parjc, and is much fre- 
quented by genteel company, being fo near 
the metropolis. There is a neat church and 
a barrack for two regiment45 of artillery 
which are quartered here. 

In this county are alfo the following vil- 
lages,; which give titles to the following 
peers. Fingal on the noith eaft of Dublin, 
a fmall but a very rich and fertile country^ 
gives the title of Earl to the family of Plun- 
;4cet. Merrion on the eaft gives that of vif- 
i count 



^% KING'S 

count to Earl FitzwilHam, Rathcoole that of 
vifcount to the family of Tracy, and San- 
try, on the north, that of Baron to the Eail 
of Barrymore* 

Kino's County. 
This county derives its name from King 
Philip of Spain, hulband to Queen Mary. Its 
greateft length from north to fouth is jfl 
miles, and its breadth nearly the fame. It is 
bounded on the north 1>y Weft Meath, on 
theeaft by Kildare, on the fouth by part of 
Tipperary and the Qpeen's County, from 
which it is divided by the river Barrow, and 
on the weft by Tipperary, and Galway, 
from which it is feparated by the Shannon. 
This county was formerly full of bogs, bat 
they are now well drained, and many parts 
of the county well inhabited and great^ 
improved. It contains 257,510 hifti plan- 
tation acres, about 9000 houfes, 56 pari(hes, 
1 1 baronies, and 2 boroughs, and returns 
6 members to parliament. Chief towns arc 

Philipliown. Geaftiiil. 

Banagher. Ballyboy. 

Birr. Edenderry. 

Tullamore. 
PhiKpftown. This town asTjeifbre men- 
tioned derives its name from King Philip of 
Spain. It is the capital of this county ; it 
had formerly a caftle. One company of 
foot are now quartered here, in the barracks. 
It gives the title of baron to Lord Vifcount 

Molefworth. 



m 



C O U N T Y. i€i 

Molefworth. The pdft goes to Dublin twice 
a week, from whence it is diftant ^S miles 
w6ft. The Grand Canal from Du!)lin to 
the river Shannon paflesby this town, which 
when finifhed will be of infinite advantage, 
cfpecially in the article of coals, of which 
"there are now near 236,000 tons annually 
imported^from England ; as by this means 
they will come to market very cheap, free 
from the combinations, ^he frauds, the mo- 
nopolies, the exactions of • colliers, coal-fac- 
tors and engroflers, and prevent 150,000!. 
being fent out of the kiirgdon yearly for 
- coals. 

An elegant church is now building at 
Pbilipftown, for which purpofe the board 
of the Tiirft fruits Tiave granted the fum of 
3'9ol at the recommendation of the Biflipp 
of Kildare, m'1774. 

Bana^her. It is a fmall town with a 
'bridge over the Shannon, that leads into tlie 
county of -.Galway. It contains a barrack 
for two companies, being- a very important 
pafe. A ftrong monafterywa^ built here in 
1325, and endowed by John de Bermingham 
Earl of Loutb, for conventual Francifcaas, 
arid was called Wonatlerjpheoris ; it was pil- 
laged in 1 52 1, ^Gerald Eafl of Kildare, then 
Lord Deputy. . The pbft goes to Dublin 4 
times a week. *^It is fituated^ miles from 
Dublin. 

Birr, otherwife Parfori*s-town; Situated 
57 miles fouth weft of Dublin, on the bor. 

der^ 



2^4| KING'S 1 

ders of Tipperary. It is the largeft town in 
the county and hatha good market. In this 
town is a caftle belonging to the family of 
Sir William Parfons, who has an elegant 
feat here, and a ftatue of the late Duke of 
Cumberland on an elegant column. The 
poft goes to Dublin 4 times a week. 

TuUamore. A fmall town which gives 
the title of baron to the Earl of CharleviWe. 
Diftant from Dublin 43 miles weft, and the 
market is tolerable. The poft goes 4 times 
a week to Dublin* 

Gealhill. This neat market town is fitu- 
ated from Philipftown 6 miles, and gives the 
titleof baron to the family of Digby. 

Ballyboy. A poft town, which goes four 
times a week, diftant from Dublin 50 miles, 
weft. The market is very confiderable, and 
the town is in a flouriftiing condition, being 
peculiarly fituatcd for trade in the centre of 
this county. 

£denderry« A fmall inconfiderable tows, 
with rcfpedt to its trade. In its neighbour- 
hood there are many linen weavers, who 
generally weave linen no more than 1 2 to 
16 inches wide; but from the encourage- 
ment of the linen board, there is great rca- < 
fon to expedk the manufafturers to improve 1 
in this ufeful branch very confiderably. Tlw ' 
inhabitants are chiefly quakcrs. 

In this province, and particularly in the 
King's County, are many evident proofs 
that the Druids formerly refided here 5 thofe j 

heathea 






CO U; N f ^ t:- zSs: 

heathen priefts, according to the nroft- au- 
thentic accounts which: have been tranfmit- 
ted lis, ufed to dwelt io the darfc^ll receflfes 
of tlie woods, where thejr efefted temples - 
for the celebration of religions worihip. 
Lucan, who lived at the very time that the 
dtoarine of thefe priefts wasfappofedtohave 
been in its greatefi: reputation, has given us 
in his Pbarjdia fev^eral fibe deforipiioHS, both 
of their priacipltsand babitacfons^v He fays^ 

The Druids nowy whikarins are heafd na.> 
more, 
©Id myfteries and barb*rous rights reflpre : 
A tribe who fingularichgicm love. 
And haunt the lonely coverts of the grbve; 
To thefe, aad thefe of all mankind alobe. 
The Gods are fure revealed or fure unknown. - 

If dying mortals dooms they fing aright 
No ghoftsdefecnd to dwell in dreadful night; , 
No parting foula to grifly Pluto go, 
Nciif feck the dreary filent (hades below : 
But fqrth they fly. immortal in their kind. 
And other' bodies in new worlds they find. 

Row*. 
Qseen's County. 

This county is well inclofed, cukivatcd, 
and inhabited throughout, tho' formerly it 
was much impovemfhed by bogs. Its great^ 
eft length from north to fouth is Z5 mites, 
and nearly the fame in breadth. It derived 
its name from Queen Mary. It is bounded 
on the fouth by Kilkenny, on the north by 
N the 



M I 'U '!■■', lipPi 



266. CL U E E N ' §• 

the King's County, on the eaft by part of 
Kildare and Catherlough, and on the weft by 
part of Tipperary; contains 238,420 Irifh 
plantation; acres, or 386,193 Britifli acres^ 
and 39 pariflics. The baronies are feven, 
and fend eight members to parliament, viz. 
two for the county, and two for each of the 
boroughs of Portarlington, Maryborough, 
and BallinekiU; Great quantities of flax are 
rgifed in this county, for the inhabitants fel- 
dom fow any foreign feed, but change their 
own from one foil to another as it begins to 
d^enerate. Their flax is good and in gene - 
ral vc^ cheap. 

Chief towns are the following, viz. 
Maryborough, Stradbaliy, 
Mountmellick, Ballyroan, 
Portarlington, AbbyJeix, 
BallinekiU, Burres in Offbry. 

. Mountrath, 

Maryborough. So called in honour of 
Mary Queen of England, who reduced this 
part of Leinftcr to (hire ground, by an aft 
of parliament, in the 7ih year of the reign of 
Philip and Mary. It is a borough, a mar- 
ket, and the aflize town, and diftant from 
^v Dublin 40 miles fouth weft. It is governed 
by a burgomafter, and ftierifFs, hath bar- 
racks for one troop of Hdrfe ; gives the title 
of Baron and vifcount to Lord (Vfollyneaux. 
The poft goes three times a week to Dublin. 
Mountmellick. Is diftant from Dublin 
36 miles fouth weft, and is a fnoall market 

town. 



C O y N T Y, 267 

town. In this town as well as in Marybo^ 
rough, are a confiderable number of linen 
maniifadurers.. 

Portarlingtori. Is diftant 32 miles weft 
from Dublin, is a neat market town, and 
has of late been confiderably improved and 
enlarged; it cbntains many well built honfes, 
and is inhabited moftly by genteel families, 
feveral of whom are French : Here is an 
academy for the education of children of 
the nobility. It is fituated on the river Bar- 
row in the northern part of the Queen*s 
County. It is governed by a fovereign, re- 
corder and portrievc, is a good market town 
and the poftgoes to and from Dublin, twice 
a week, 

Ballinekill. This is the moft confiderable 
market town in this county, though the 
town is fmall It is fituated 40 miles fouth 
weft from Dublin ; there arc large bleach 
yards in this town as alfo at Maryborough, 
Mountmellick, Ballyfinn, and at Aghaboo. 

Mountrath. Is a large town, fix miles 
fouth weft from Maryborough, which gives 
the title of Earl to the noble Family of Coote. 
The linen weavers in the neighbourhood of 
this town, make linen of three quarters and 
a half wide, and as the yarn of this county 
is fine, they may fpeedily be led into the 
manufacture of 3-4ths and 7-8 ths Douglas, 
equal if not fuperior to the foreign. 

E N D OF V O L. I. 



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